The Numismatic Chronicle 171 Offprint - Royal Numismatic Society

384
FRANÇOIS THIERRY
was submission; as man and son, his aim was fi lial piety; as man and father, his aim
was affection’ (wei ren jun zhi yu ren, wei ren chen zhi yu jing, wei ren zi zhi yu xiao,
wei ren fu zhi yu ci 為人君止於仁,為人臣止於敬,為人子止於孝,為人父止
於慈). 108
26. 賢賢,親親,樂樂,利利 Hiền hiền, thân thân, lạc lạc, lợi lợi
Ch. Xian xian, qin qin, le le, li li // Appreciate the wise, love one’s parents, enjoy
pleasure, benefi t from gain.
Inscription found on coins of the Minh Mạng, 109 Thiệu Trị110 and Tự Đức111 eras. On
coins of the Minh Mạng era, the inscription appears in the form 賢ㄑ親ㄑ樂ㄑ利ㄑ.
These eight characters are a contraction of a passage in The Great Learning citing
the Shijing: ‘The Shi[jing] says: Oh! The old kings are not forgotten. The princes
appreciate the wise, and love their parents; the lesser people enjoy their pleasures
and benefi t from their gains’ (Shi yun. Yuxi! Qian wang bu wang. Junzi xian qi xian,
er qin qi qin, xiaoren le qi le, er li qi li 詩云。於戲。前王不忘,君子賢其賢而
親其親,小人樂其樂而利其利). 112 The fi rst two characters are found in the Lunyu
in a more developed form: ‘appreciate wisdom over pleasure’ (xian xian yi se 賢賢
易色); 113 and a similar version is found at the end of the fourth chapter of The Great
Learning. 114 The expression ‘love one’s parents’ (qin qin) is found many times in the
Doctrine of the Mean. See also type 35.
27. 國泰民安,風調雨順 Quốc thái dân an, phong điều vũ thuận
Ch. Guo tai min an, feng diao yu shun // The state calm, the people at peace, the
wind gentle, the rain benefi cial.
Inscription found on coins of the Minh Mạng (Fig. 6) 115 and Thiệu Trị (Fig 7) 116 eras.
This inscription is not found with the niên hiệu Tự Đức because the character An 安
was made taboo in 1861 (see above).
108 Daxue, III, p. 8. Legge (Four Books, p. 318) translates this as ‘As a sovereign, he rested in
benevolence. As a minister, he rested in reverence. As a son, he rested in fi lial piety. As a father, he
rested in kindness.’
109 Lacroix, Numismatique annamite, no. 426; Schroeder, Annam. Etudes numismatiques, no. 129;
AMM, no. V70; CMV, no. 1528; Barker, Historical cash coins of Viêt Nam, no. 140.
110 CMVS, no. 428.
111 CMV, no. 1792.
112 Daxue, III, pp. 9–10. Legge (Four Books, p. 320) translates this as ‘In the Book of Poetry, it is said,
“Ah! The former kings are not forgotten.” Future princes deem worthy what they deemed worthy, and
love what they loved. The common people delight in what delighted them, and are benefi ted by their
benefi cial arrangements.’
113 Lunyu, I-7, p. 73. Legge (Four Books, p. 6) translates this as ‘If a man withdraws his mind from
the love of beauty, and applies it as sincerely to the love of the virtuous…’
114 Daxue, IV, pp. 9–10.
115 Schroeder, Annam. Etudes numismatiques, no. 130; AS, III, p. 11; CMV, no. 1533. Barker, Historical
cash coins of Viêt Nam, no. 142.
116 CMV, no. 1629.