Womb as Paradise Lost

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Womb as Paradise Lost – Foetal Programming
Thetic Part 1 – Philosophical Introduction
Thus, mutations in the FOXP2 gene are proposed to have detrimental effects on
human speech and language, such as grammar, language processing, and impaired
movement of the mouth, lips, and tongue 71 , as well as potential detrimental
effects on song learning in songbirds.
Additionally, it has been suggested that due to the overlap of FOXP1 and FOXP2
expression in songbirds and humans, mutations in FOXP1 may also result in
speech and language abnormalities seen in individuals with mutations in
FOXP2. 72.
These genetic links have important implications for studying the origin of language
because FOXP2 is similar among vocal learners and humans, as well as
important implications for understanding the etiology of certain speech and language
disorders in humans, like the auditory hallucinations of schizophrenia. Currently,
no other genes have been linked as compellingly to vocal learning in animals
or humans.
3.6 Evolutionary foxp2, Foxp2 and FOXP2
73 74
Songbirds are relevant for basic and applied medical research, is the outcome of
the research of Michael Brainard et.al. Songbirds, long of interest to basic neuroscientists,
have great potential as a model system for translational neuroscience.
Songbirds learn their complex vocal behaviour in a manner that exemplifies gen-
71 Takahashi, K; Liu, F; Hirokawa, K; Takahashi, H (2003). "Expression of FOXP2, a gene involved in speech and language,
in the developing and adult striatum". Journal of Neuroscience Research 73 (1): 61–72.
72 Pariani, MJ; Spenser, A, Graham Jr, JM, Rimoin, DL (2009). "A 785 kb deletion of 3p14.1p13 including the FOXP1
gene, associated with speech delay, contractures, hypertonia and blepharophimosis". European Journal of Medical Genetics
52 (2-3): 123–127.
73 The different formular illustrate the gene as presented in different primates as songbirds, whales, crocodiles etc. Capitalized
it is the premise of human beings.
74 Bolhuis, Noam Chomsky a.o. “Birdsong, Speech, and Language: Exploring the Evolution of Mind and Brain”, MIT
press, 2013.