Conflict, Legitimacy and Government Reform: Equitable Allocation of ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Panel Discussion Hyun Hwa Son’s study also suggested that Thai government should revamp public expenditure to increase equality. For instance, he proposed that existing subsidies of electricity, water and transportation should be abolished. Instead, the government should subsidize parents’ school expenses, i.e. tuition, books and other education-related expenses in public schools at primary and secondary levels. He also urged that health care and education spending be revamped with an aim to improve equality. In this regard, the free 12-year education policy of the present government is considered to be on the right track, even though it is still insufficient. Based on experiences of some countries, there is still another way to spend tax revenue to help improve quality of life and mitigate inequality, that is, having a universal social security system which is contributed by both government and people. Currently, we use this system for workers but its coverage is only 25.7% of the total number of workers or 13.9% of the population. (Kobsak and Anan, 2007). We may discuss about weaknesses of public administration in other dimensions which adversely impacts resource allocation of the country, such as issues concerning corruption and justice system and so forth. However, the information shown above obviously tells us that we must have a sweeping reform, starting from revamping taxation system to ensure a fairer allocation of tax burden and revamping public expenditure to enhance equality. Now I would like to summarize the approaches that the government should pursue as follows: First, there should be more public programs and services (public goods) that every people can gain equal benefits and public goods should be products and services that will contribute to mitigation of inequality in respect to health and education in particular. To achieve this, the government must collect more tax revenue. Therefore, a target of over 17 per cent of GDP should be set to generate more tax revenue in the future. That means increasing the number of people who must pay income tax, revamping interest rate tax which is still slow, and reforming 59
60 KPI Congress XI the taxation system and improving the efficiency of the tax collection system with an aim to mitigate inequality. Second, the government must avoid a taxation system that will exacerbate inequality. Accordingly, available information clearly points out that if tax revenue is to be increased, we must avoid increasing indirect taxes but add new types of direct tax instead. Moreover, we must ponder about inheritance tax and property tax which aim to prevent people with a lot of assets from speculative hoarding. Such measure will impel people with a lot of assets to utilize these assets to boost productivity and create employment or provide opportunities to others who can utilize these assets as well. In Japan, if people who own a great deal of assets like lands do not make any investment to generate revenue, they will not be able to keep the land and have to sell them off within three generations so as to pay inheritance tax, thus providing opportunities for further utilization by the people who bought such land. Third, the government must try to abolish the subsidies that benefit the rich more than the poor. The findings of Harberger’s study (1974) assert that a fiscal policy comprising progressive taxes combined with public spending that benefits everyone can mitigate inequality, judging from declining genie coefficients as shown in Table 8. This study is applicable to both developed and developing countries. Table 8: Genie coefficients derived from different fiscal policies Calculated by Harberger, 1974 Combo policies (both government revenue and spending sides) Developed countries Developing countries None 0.402 0.498 Progressive tax + neutral expenditure budget 0.372 0.462 Neutral tax + equitable expenditure budget 0.377 0.456 Progressive tax + equitable expenditure budget 0.347 0.419
Page 1:
Conflict, Legitimacy and Government
Page 5 and 6:
KPI Congress XI Conflict, Legitimac
Page 7 and 8:
6 KPI Congress XI CONTENTS Pages In
Page 9 and 10: 8 KPI Congress XI Group 3: Judicial
Page 12 and 13: KPI Congress XI Conflict, Legitimac
Page 14 and 15: Conflict, Legitimacy and Government
Page 22 and 23: KPI Congress XI Program Conflict, L
Page 28 and 29: Exhibition program Conflict, Legiti
Page 32 and 33: His Royal Highness Crown Prince Mah
Page 36: Panel Discussion on Conflict, Legit
Page 39 and 40: 38 KPI Congress XI Professor Dr. Kr
Page 41 and 42: 40 KPI Congress XI cent. That means
Page 43 and 44: 42 KPI Congress XI country’s popu
Page 45 and 46: 44 KPI Congress XI Table 3: Average
Page 47 and 48: 46 KPI Congress XI implies, present
Page 49 and 50: 48 KPI Congress XI accelerated rate
Page 51 and 52: 50 KPI Congress XI inheritance tax
Page 53 and 54: 52 KPI Congress XI A good taxation
Page 55 and 56: 54 KPI Congress XI Even though dire
Page 57 and 58: 56 KPI Congress XI suggested that T
Page 59: 58 KPI Congress XI Nevertheless, mo
Page 63 and 64: 62 KPI Congress XI One common conte
Page 65 and 66: 64 KPI Congress XI influential pers
Page 67 and 68: 66 KPI Congress XI Pranee Thinnakor
Page 69 and 70: 68 KPI Congress XI to discuss the p
Page 71 and 72: 70 KPI Congress XI A state like Tha
Page 73 and 74: 72 KPI Congress XI The second way o
Page 75 and 76: 74 KPI Congress XI No matter whethe
Page 77 and 78: 76 KPI Congress XI suggest that the
Page 79 and 80: 78 KPI Congress XI The work we at C
Page 81 and 82: 80 KPI Congress XI Those of us who
Page 83 and 84: 82 KPI Congress XI Project Citizen
Page 85 and 86: 84 KPI Congress XI rapid response t
Page 87 and 88: 86 KPI Congress XI their national l
Page 89 and 90: 88 KPI Congress XI participants in
Page 91 and 92: 90 KPI Congress XI Canadian Interna
Page 93 and 94: 92 KPI Congress XI In summary ‘eq
Page 95 and 96: 94 KPI Congress XI and operated, e.
Page 97 and 98: 96 KPI Congress XI Fundamental Link
Page 99 and 100: 98 KPI Congress XI Creating a merit
Page 101 and 102: 100 KPI Congress XI government inve
Page 103 and 104: 102 KPI Congress XI on the drafting
Page 105 and 106: 104 KPI Congress XI tool through wh
Page 107 and 108: 106 KPI Congress XI a web-site link
Page 109 and 110: 108 KPI Congress XI Examples of loc
Page 111 and 112:
110 KPI Congress XI fairness which
Page 113 and 114:
112 KPI Congress XI implementing ru
Page 115 and 116:
114 KPI Congress XI The World Movem
Page 118 and 119:
Government and Political Legitimacy
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122:
Page 125 and 126:
124 KPI Congress XI (3) Prohibition
Page 127 and 128:
126 KPI Congress XI government stab
Page 129 and 130:
128 KPI Congress XI local resources
Page 131 and 132:
130 KPI Congress XI rights to the l
Page 133 and 134:
132 KPI Congress XI governments as
Page 135 and 136:
134 KPI Congress XI administrative
Page 138 and 139:
Reform of Economic Policy for Reduc
Page 140:
Group 3 Judicial Review and Judicia
Page 143 and 144:
142 KPI Congress XI enhanced by a c
Page 146 and 147:
Judicial Activism Judicial Review a
Page 148 and 149:
Judicial Review and Judicial Activi
Page 150 and 151:
Judicial Review and Judicial Activi
Page 152:
Group 4 Innovation for Political Co
Page 155 and 156:
154 KPI Congress XI Pride is consid
Page 157 and 158:
156 KPI Congress XI 1) Perception o
Page 159 and 160:
158 KPI Congress XI sustainable sol
Page 161 and 162:
160 KPI Congress XI Recommendation
Page 164 and 165:
Citizen Politics in Checking of the
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170:
Page 174 and 175:
The Strategy of Public Administrati
Page 176 and 177:
Bureaucratic Reform Dr. Pheeraphon
Page 178:
Group 7 Reforming Local Government
Page 181 and 182:
180 KPI Congress XI media. In the p
Page 183 and 184:
182 KPI Congress XI informal worker
Page 185 and 186:
184 KPI Congress XI opened up for a
Page 187 and 188:
186 KPI Congress XI community organ
Page 189 and 190:
188 KPI Congress XI 6. Amend the lo
Page 192:
Biographical Information
Page 195 and 196:
194 KPI Congress XI Others Certifie
Page 197 and 198:
196 KPI Congress XI Bovornsak Uwann
Page 199 and 200:
198 KPI Congress XI Corruption in t
Page 201 and 202:
200 KPI Congress XI Positions: Educ
Page 203 and 204:
202 KPI Congress XI Other Positions
Page 205 and 206:
204 KPI Congress XI Current positio
show all

Conflict, Legitimacy and Government Reform: Equitable Allocation of ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?