Conflict, Legitimacy and Government Reform: Equitable Allocation of ...

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Panel Discussion Towards an Acceptable Fair Society* Pasuk Phongpaichit Honored guests, It’s my great pleasure to be invited by King Prajadhipok’s Institute to deliver a k e y n o t e a d d r e s s a t t h i s a n n u a l symposium of the institute this year. The topic of my speech is entitled “Towards an Acceptable Fair Society.” I think this topic is quite appropriate, considering the situations in our country, and it also truly corresponds to the substance of the annual KPI Congress. I use the English topic instead because I couldn’t find Thai words that I like. I don’t want to use wording ‘sue sangkom thi pen tham (towards a fair society)’ because * Keynote speech at KPI Congress XI 2009 entitled “Conflict, Legitimacy and Government Reform: Equitable Allocation of Resources in Thai Society,” held at the United Nations Conference Center, Ratchadamnoen Road, Bangkok during 5-7 November 2009. The author wishes to thank Dr. Methee Krongkaew, Prof. Dr. Kowit Posayanon, Assoc.Prof. Dr. Duangmanee Laowakun and Assoc.Prof. Dr. Chairath Eiamkulawat w h o p rov i d e d u s e f u l s u g g e s t i o n s a s well a s M s . Sa r u e n e e Archawanunthakun, Dr. Pun Arnun-apibutra and Archarn Nuarpear Lekfuengfu who provided information support. 37
38 KPI Congress XI Professor Dr. Kraiyut Theeratayakinan, who already passed away, once told me that the word ‘tham (fair)’ means nature (thammachart) whose meaning can be interpreted in several ways. I don’t want to use the word ‘sangkom yutitham (fair society)’ because the topic is not about enactment of laws. I don’t want to use the word ‘sue sangkom thaothiam kan (towards an equitable society)’ because my topic is not intended to make everyone equal or equitable. I remember when I was a child, we must share things that we have. We often asked, “Is it fair to divide it like this?” In fact, we’re implying, “Is it acceptable?” We need to ask this question to ensure that everyone agrees that the division is a fair share, so we won’t bicker over it later. Therefore, the question “Is it fair?” opens an opportunity for those who disagree to express their opinions. If they still disagree, a new agreement has to be reached. So, agreement is very important. An acceptable fair society doesn’t need to be equal in everything but it must be equitable in terms of opportunities, security in life, political participation and the fact that children and grandchildren will have equally bright futures. History of various societies asserts that these societies could not develop themselves but they have been borne out of the results produced by the people in such societies. A key factor is there must be a government system which is responsive to demands of various societal groups in balanced manners. The mechanisms of a modern government that can satisfy this include fiscal policy, taxation, and allocation of taxes. Additionally, public utilities and social services must be created to satisfy people’s needs and foster the economy. If the government cannot fulfill these objectives, such society tends to slide towards ever-increasing inequality. Eventually, the society might develop conflicts between the “super rich” and the “middle class” on one side and the “majority poor” on the other side.….until it becomes a structure-based conflict, waiting to explode one day (Bavornsak 2009: 6) Presently, there has been a growing acceptance that the underlying cause of ongoing political conflict we’re facing is inequality in Thai society.
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