Production Practices and Quality Assessment of Food Crops. Vol. 1

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Impact of Ozone on Crops 207 Polle, A., K. Chakrabarti, W. Schürmann and H. Rennenberg (1990). Composition and properties of hydrogen peroxide decomposing system in extracellular and total extract from needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst). Plant Physiol. 94: 312–319. Pryor, W. A. and D. F. Church (1991). Aldehydes, hydrogen peroxide and organic radicals as mediators of ozone toxicity. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 11: 41–46. Rao, M. U., B. A. Hale and D. P. Ormond (1995). Amelioration of ozone induced oxidative damage in wheat plants grown under high carbon dioxide. Plant Physiol. 109: 421–432. Ranieri, A., G. D’Urso, C. Nali, G. Lorenzini and G. F. Soldatini (1996). Ozone stimulates apoplastic antioxidant systems in pumpkin leaves. Physiol. Plant 97: 381–387. Reich, P. A. (1987). Quantifying plant responses to ozone, a unifying theory. Tree Physiol. 3: 63–91. Reid, C. D. and E. L. Fiscus (1988). Effects of elevated CO 2 concentration and/or ozone on limitation of CO 2 assimilation in soybean (Glycine max). J. Exp. Bot. 49: 887–895 Reid, C. D., E. L. Fiscus and Y. Burke (1998). Combined effects of chronic ozone and elevated CO 2 in Rubisco activity and leaf components in soybean (Glycine max). J. Exp. Bot. 49: 1999–2011. Reiling, K. and A. W. Davison (1994). Effects of exposure to ozone at different stages in the development of Plantago major L. on chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange. New Phytol. 128: 509–514. Rennenberg, H. and A. Polle (1994). Protection from oxidative stress in transgenis plants. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 22: 936–940. Rubinstein, B. and D. G. Luster (1993). Plasma membrane redox activity: Components and role in plant processes. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 44: 131–155. Rudorff, B. T. F., C. L. Mulchi, E. H. Lee, R. A. Rowland and R. Pausch (1996). Photosynthetic characteristics in wheat exposed to elevated O 3 and CO 2. Crop Sci. 36: 1247–1251. Runeckles, V. C. and H. M. Resh (1975). The assessment of chronic ozone injury to leaves by reflectance spectrophotometry. Atmosph. Environ. 9: 447–452. Runeckles, V. C. (1992). Uptake of ozone by vegetation. In A. S. Lefhon (ed.), Surface-level Ozone Exposures and their Effects on Vegetation. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea. Runeckles, V. C. and M. Vaartnou (1997). EPR evidence for superoxide anion formation in leaves during exposure to low levels of ozone. Plant Cell Environ. 20: 306–314. Sage, R. F., T. D. Sharkey and J. R. Seemann (1989). Acclimation of photosynthesis to elevated CO 2 in some C 3 species. Plant Physiol. 89: 590–596. Sandermann, H. (1996). Ozone and plant health. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 34: 347–366. Sandermann, H., A. S. Wellburn and R. L. Heath (1997). In H. Sandermann, A. S. Wellburn and R. L. Heath (eds.), Ozone and Forest Decline: A Comparison of Controlled Chamber and Field Experiments. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Sandermann, H., D. Ernt, W. Heller and C. Langerbartels (1998). Ozone: an abiotic elicitor of plant defence reactions. Trend Plant Science 3: 47–50. Scandalios, J. G. (1994). Molecular Biology of superoxide dismutase. In R. G. Alscher and A. R. Wellburn, (eds.), Plant responses to Gaseous Environment. Molecular, Metabolic and Physiological Aspects. Butterworth’s, London. Schmieden, W. and A. Wild (1995). The contribution of ozone to forest decline. Physiol. Plant 94: 371–378. Schraudner, M., C. Langerbartels and H. Sanderman (1997). Changes in the biochemical status of plant cells induced by the environmental pollutant ozone. Physiol. Plant 100: 274–280. Schreiber, U., W. Bilger, H. Hormann and C. Neubauer (1998). Chlorophyll fluorescences as a diagnostic tool: basis and some aspects of practical relevance. In A. S. Raghavendra (ed.). Photosynthesis: A Comprehensive Treatise. University Press, Cambridge. Schutt, J. B., R. A. Rowland and H. E. Heggestad (1984). Identification of injury resulting from atmospheric pollutants using reflective measurements. J. Environ. Qual. 13: 605–608. Seinfield, J. H. (1989). Urban air pollutants. State of the Science. Science 243: 745–752. Sharma, Y. K., J. Leon, I. Raskin and R. K. Davis (1996). Ozone-induced response in Arabidopsis thaliana: the role of salicylic acid in the accumulation of defense-related transcripts and induced resistance. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 5099–5104. Smith, W. H. (1990). Air pollution and forest. In Interactions Between Air Contaminants and Forest Ecosystems. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
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Production Practices and Quality As
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Production Practices and Quality As
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CONTENTS Preface List of Authors Ef
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PREFACE Today, in a world with abun
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LIST OF AUTHORS Rufaro M. Madakadze
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EFFECT OF PREHARVEST FACTORS ON THE
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2.1. Temperature Effect of Preharve
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e beneficial to the water economy a
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Other responses that can also be ca
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06. Failure of fruits to ripen in t
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of more than 13 hours of night temp
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temperatures. Some show serious int
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Effect of Preharvest Factors 15 bet
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1) High rainfall conditions where B
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increase in the release of P i from
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however, more severe when foliage i
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temperatures and luxuriant growth a
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development of chilling injury symp
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conditions followed by sudden high
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season. The main environmental fact
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4.4.5.2. Water blisters Storage roo
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Effect of Preharvest Factors 33 REF
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Effect of Preharvest Factors 35 men
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EFFECTS OF AGRONOMIC PRACTICES AND
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Effects of Agronomic Practices 39 F
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Effects of Agronomic Practices 41 6
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Effects of Agronomic Practices 43 F
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Effects of Agronomic Practices 45 R
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MODELLING FRUIT QUALITY: ECOPHYSIOL
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Modelling Fruit Quality 49 the dens
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Is it the only level to be consider
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To calculate the hydrostatic pressu
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on an analysis of the biophysical p
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Modelling Fruit Quality 57 fructose
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Modelling Fruit Quality 59 Figure 4
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f(dd) = dd max - dd dd max - dd min
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which depends on climate and irriga
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distributed over the period during
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Modelling Fruit Quality 73 Pruning
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with Fo, Pe and Pr being local ‘d
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Modelling Fruit Quality 77 than in
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Modelling Fruit Quality 79 Dann, I.
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Modelling Fruit Quality 81 Huguet,
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SPRAY TECHNOLOGY IN PERENNIAL TREE
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Spray Technology in Perennial Tree
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With centrifugal energy systems dro
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fruit orchards is described as 1000
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According to Furness (2000), the nu
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sprayers which were developed prima
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air-blast sprayers in an attempt to
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Most agricultural chemicals have be
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educing dosage rates to one quarter
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CHESTNUT, AN ANCIENT CROP WITH FUTU
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2. WORLD AREA OF CHESTNUT AND PRODU
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Table 2. Chestnut production in the
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vineyards and north facing to chest
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Chestnut, an Ancient Crop with Futu
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Table 5. Continued. Chestnut, an An
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Table 6. Continued. Chestnut, an An
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size. When the trees develop too mu
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6.5. Management of old orchards Che
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the disease is already established
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where ink disease is rampant, disea
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8.4. Micropropagation Several in vi
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9.3. Hybrids Chestnut breeding in E
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Page 168 and 169: Chestnut, an Ancient Crop with Futu
Page 174 and 175: IMPROVEMENT OF GRAIN LEGUME PRODUCT
Page 176 and 177: Improvement of Grain Legume Product
Page 188 and 189: 2.8. Field experiments The greenhou
Page 200 and 201: IMPACT OF OZONE ON CROPS S. DEL VAL
Page 202 and 203: Impact of Ozone on Crops 191 observ
Page 204 and 205: Impact of Ozone on Crops 193 1996).
Page 206 and 207: Impact of Ozone on Crops 195 Figure
Page 208 and 209: Impact of Ozone on Crops 197 al., 1
Page 210 and 211: Impact of Ozone on Crops 199 techni
Page 212 and 213: species show a progressive decline
Page 214 and 215: Impact of Ozone on Crops 203 Chaime
Page 216 and 217: Impact of Ozone on Crops 205 Junge,
Page 220 and 221: SAFFRON QUALITY: EFFECT OF AGRICULT
Page 222 and 223: 1.2. Commercial interest Saffron Qu
Page 224 and 225: 1.3. Uses Saffron Quality 213 There
Page 226 and 227: oriental-type perfumes (Sampathu et
Page 228 and 229: Saffron Quality 217 Figure 5. Chemi
Page 230 and 231: Straubinger et al., 1997; Straubing
Page 232 and 233: and Micheli, 1979; Curro et al., 19
Page 234 and 235: Saffron Quality 223 Figure 9. Chemi
Page 236 and 237: (1984) gives the following data: δ
Page 238 and 239: Saffron Quality 227 Table 3. HPLC a
Page 240 and 241: Saffron Quality 229 464/2001, OJ L6
Page 242 and 243: Saffron Quality 231 Saffron in fila
Page 244 and 245: Saffron Quality 233 sium were the q
Page 246 and 247: Saffron Quality 235 Figure 11. The
Page 248 and 249: Saffron Quality 237 Figure 12. Harv
Page 250 and 251: Morocco. Ait-Oubahou and El-Otmani
Page 252 and 253: and Micheli, 1979a; Sampathu et al.
Page 254 and 255: Saffron Quality 243 Table 8. Drying
Page 256 and 257: Saffron Quality 245 space for sorti
Page 258 and 259: unpleasant sensory characteristics
Page 260 and 261: Saffron Quality 249 The effect of
Page 262 and 263: Saffron Quality 251 Table 10. Effec
Page 264 and 265: Saffron Quality 253 Alonso, G. L.,
Page 266 and 267: Saffron Quality 255 Escribano, J.,
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Saffron Quality 257 tion combined w
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Saffron Quality 259 Selim, K., M. T
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FRUIT AND VEGETABLES HARVESTING SYS
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3. PRINCIPLES AND DEVICES FOR THE D
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exert a vertical pulling force to t
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Fruit and Vegetables Harvesting Sys
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- fingers or spikes; - oscillatory
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- frequency and - amplitude of vibr
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To calculate the number of directio
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For the cleaning and separation of
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