Production Practices and Quality Assessment of Food Crops. Vol. 1

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Improvement of Grain Legume Production in Semi-Arid Kenya 187 Mok, D.W.S. (1970). Interspecific hybridisation of Phaseolus vulgaris with Phaseolus lanutus and Phaseolus acutifolius. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 52: 209–215. Musembi, D. K. andJ. F. Griffiths (1986). The use of precipitation data to identify soil moisture patterns and the growing seasons in Eastern Kenya. Journal of Agriculture and. Forestry Meteorology 37: 47–61. Nabhan, G. P. and R. S. Felger (1978). Teparies in Southwestern North America: A biogeographical and ethnohistorical study of Phaseolus acutifolius. Economic Botany 32: 2–19. Nambia, P. T. C., M. R. Rao, M. S. Reddy, C. N. Flyod, P. J. Dart and R. W. Willey (1983). Effect of intercropping on nodulation and nitrogen fixation by groundnut. Experimental Agriculture 19: 79–86. Nobel, P. S. (1991). Physicochemical and environmental plant physiology. Academic Press, London, 635 pp. Paul, E. A. (1988). Towards the year 2000. Directions for future nitrogen research. In J. R. Wilson (ed.), Advances in nitrogen cycling in agricultural ecosystems. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 57–65. Peoples, M. and E. S. Jensen (1999). Biological nitrogen fixation in low input systems. In: Proceedings of the 10th Nitrogen Workshop, Copenhagen, pp. 45–49. Peoples, M., E. R. Lamond, and D. A. Whitney (2001). Factors regulating the contributions of fixed nitrogen by pasture and crop legumes to different farming systems of Eastern Australia. Plant and Soil 228: 29–41. Piha, M. I. and D. N. Munns, (1987). Nitrogen fixation potential of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) compared with other grain legumes under controlled conditions. Plant Soil 98: 169–182. Pilbeam, C. A., M. Wood and P. G. Mugane (1995). Nitrogen use in maize-grain legume cropping systems in semi-arid Kenya. Biology and Fertility of Soils 20: 57–62. Pretty, J. (1995). Regenerating agriculture: Policies and practices for sustainability and self reliance. Earthscan, London. Quaye, E. C. (1994). Towards sustainable agriculture in African drylands and integrated egroecosystems. In M. A. Mohamed-Salih (ed.), Inducing insecurity: Perspectives on food policies in Eastern and Southern Africa. Seminar Proceedings No. 30, Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, Uppsala, 233 pp. Republic of Kenya (1993). National Development Plan 1994–1996, Government Printer, Nairobi. Republic of Kenya (2000). National Development Plan: Effective management for sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction. Ministry of Planning and National Development. Government Printer, Nairobi. Rosset, P. (1999). The multiple functions and benefits of small farm agriculture in the context of global trade negotiations. IFDP Food First Policy Brief No. 4. Institute for Food and Development Policy, Washington, DC. Schulze, E. D., G. Gebauer, H. Ziegler and O. L. Lange (1991). Estimates of nitrogen fixation by trees on aridity gradient in Namibia. Oecologica 88: 451–455. Shisanya, C. A. (1998). Phenology and diurnal course of leaf water potential of three bean varieties under a semi-arid environment in southeast Kenya. East African Journal of Science 1: 11–19. Shisanya, C. A. (1999). Farming systems characteristics in semi-arid SE-Kenya: Resource base, production dynamics and the way forward. ChemChemi 1: 56–74. Shisanya, C. A. (1996). Chances and risks of maize and bean growing in the semi-arid areas of southeast Kenya during expected deficient, normal and above normal rainfall of the short rainy seasons. Materialien zur Ostafrika-Forschung, Heft 14, Trier, 417 pp. Somasegaran P. and H. Hoben (1985). The NifTAL manual for methods in legume – Rhizobium Technology. Niftal, Hawaii. Sprent, J. I. and P. Sprent (1990). Nitrogen fixing organism: Pure and applied aspects. Chapman and Hall, London, 256 pp. Steel, R. D. G. and J. H. Torrie, (1981). Principles of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, London, pp. 150–190. Sullivan, C. Y. and E. J. Kinbacher (1967). Thermal stability of fraction I protein from heat hardened Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray var. latifolius. Crop Science 7: 241–244. Thies, J. E., P. W. Singleton and B. B. Bohlool (1991). Influence of the size of indigenous rhizobial
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Production Practices and Quality As
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Production Practices and Quality As
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CONTENTS Preface List of Authors Ef
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PREFACE Today, in a world with abun
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LIST OF AUTHORS Rufaro M. Madakadze
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EFFECT OF PREHARVEST FACTORS ON THE
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2.1. Temperature Effect of Preharve
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e beneficial to the water economy a
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Other responses that can also be ca
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06. Failure of fruits to ripen in t
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of more than 13 hours of night temp
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temperatures. Some show serious int
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Effect of Preharvest Factors 15 bet
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1) High rainfall conditions where B
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increase in the release of P i from
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however, more severe when foliage i
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temperatures and luxuriant growth a
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development of chilling injury symp
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conditions followed by sudden high
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season. The main environmental fact
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4.4.5.2. Water blisters Storage roo
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Effect of Preharvest Factors 33 REF
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Effect of Preharvest Factors 35 men
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EFFECTS OF AGRONOMIC PRACTICES AND
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Effects of Agronomic Practices 39 F
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Effects of Agronomic Practices 41 6
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Effects of Agronomic Practices 43 F
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Effects of Agronomic Practices 45 R
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MODELLING FRUIT QUALITY: ECOPHYSIOL
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Modelling Fruit Quality 49 the dens
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Is it the only level to be consider
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To calculate the hydrostatic pressu
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on an analysis of the biophysical p
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Modelling Fruit Quality 57 fructose
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Modelling Fruit Quality 59 Figure 4
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f(dd) = dd max - dd dd max - dd min
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which depends on climate and irriga
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distributed over the period during
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Modelling Fruit Quality 73 Pruning
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with Fo, Pe and Pr being local ‘d
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Modelling Fruit Quality 77 than in
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Modelling Fruit Quality 79 Dann, I.
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Modelling Fruit Quality 81 Huguet,
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SPRAY TECHNOLOGY IN PERENNIAL TREE
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Spray Technology in Perennial Tree
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With centrifugal energy systems dro
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fruit orchards is described as 1000
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According to Furness (2000), the nu
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sprayers which were developed prima
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air-blast sprayers in an attempt to
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Most agricultural chemicals have be
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educing dosage rates to one quarter
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CHESTNUT, AN ANCIENT CROP WITH FUTU
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2. WORLD AREA OF CHESTNUT AND PRODU
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Table 2. Chestnut production in the
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vineyards and north facing to chest
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Chestnut, an Ancient Crop with Futu
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Table 5. Continued. Chestnut, an An
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Table 6. Continued. Chestnut, an An
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size. When the trees develop too mu
Page 148 and 149: Chestnut, an Ancient Crop with Futu
Page 152 and 153: 6.5. Management of old orchards Che
Page 156 and 157: the disease is already established
Page 158 and 159: where ink disease is rampant, disea
Page 160 and 161: 8.4. Micropropagation Several in vi
Page 162 and 163: 9.3. Hybrids Chestnut breeding in E
Page 174 and 175: IMPROVEMENT OF GRAIN LEGUME PRODUCT
Page 176 and 177: Improvement of Grain Legume Product
Page 188 and 189: 2.8. Field experiments The greenhou
Page 200 and 201: IMPACT OF OZONE ON CROPS S. DEL VAL
Page 202 and 203: Impact of Ozone on Crops 191 observ
Page 204 and 205: Impact of Ozone on Crops 193 1996).
Page 206 and 207: Impact of Ozone on Crops 195 Figure
Page 208 and 209: Impact of Ozone on Crops 197 al., 1
Page 210 and 211: Impact of Ozone on Crops 199 techni
Page 212 and 213: species show a progressive decline
Page 214 and 215: Impact of Ozone on Crops 203 Chaime
Page 216 and 217: Impact of Ozone on Crops 205 Junge,
Page 218 and 219: Impact of Ozone on Crops 207 Polle,
Page 220 and 221: SAFFRON QUALITY: EFFECT OF AGRICULT
Page 222 and 223: 1.2. Commercial interest Saffron Qu
Page 224 and 225: 1.3. Uses Saffron Quality 213 There
Page 226 and 227: oriental-type perfumes (Sampathu et
Page 228 and 229: Saffron Quality 217 Figure 5. Chemi
Page 230 and 231: Straubinger et al., 1997; Straubing
Page 232 and 233: and Micheli, 1979; Curro et al., 19
Page 234 and 235: Saffron Quality 223 Figure 9. Chemi
Page 236 and 237: (1984) gives the following data: δ
Page 238 and 239: Saffron Quality 227 Table 3. HPLC a
Page 240 and 241: Saffron Quality 229 464/2001, OJ L6
Page 242 and 243: Saffron Quality 231 Saffron in fila
Page 244 and 245: Saffron Quality 233 sium were the q
Page 246 and 247: Saffron Quality 235 Figure 11. The
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Saffron Quality 237 Figure 12. Harv
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Morocco. Ait-Oubahou and El-Otmani
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and Micheli, 1979a; Sampathu et al.
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Saffron Quality 243 Table 8. Drying
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Saffron Quality 245 space for sorti
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unpleasant sensory characteristics
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Saffron Quality 249 The effect of
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Saffron Quality 251 Table 10. Effec
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Saffron Quality 253 Alonso, G. L.,
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Saffron Quality 255 Escribano, J.,
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Saffron Quality 257 tion combined w
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Saffron Quality 259 Selim, K., M. T
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FRUIT AND VEGETABLES HARVESTING SYS
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3. PRINCIPLES AND DEVICES FOR THE D
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exert a vertical pulling force to t
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Fruit and Vegetables Harvesting Sys
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- fingers or spikes; - oscillatory
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- frequency and - amplitude of vibr
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To calculate the number of directio
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For the cleaning and separation of
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