Production Practices and Quality Assessment of Food Crops. Vol. 1

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Chestnut, an Ancient Crop with Future 131 Table 12. Hybrid rootstock resistant to the ink disease recommended in Spain (Breisch, 1995) and Pereira-Lorenzo and Fernandez-Lopez (1997a). Roostock Resistance Resistance Compa- Vigour Compatibility Compatibility to ink to early tibility with the with with disease frost cultivar hybrids C. sativa Ferosacre *** 0 ** 5 Précoce Belle Épine, CA90 Migoule, Bouche Rouge, Bouche de Comballe, Bétizac, Bastellicacciu, Bournette, Impériale, Maridonne Précoce des Vans, Sardonne Maraval ** ** * 2 Bournette, Dorée de CA74 Maridonne, Lyon, Précoce Goujounac, Migoule M. De Chevanceaux, Montagne, Verdale CA577 and CA756, Sardonne, Précoce des Vans Marigoule *** ** * 4 Précoce Sauvage CA15 Migoule, Marron, Maridonne Précoce Monteil Marlhac ** * ** 3 Maridonne, Bastellicacciu, CA118 Précoce Belle Épine, Migoule, Verdale Bouche de CA577, Bétizac, Bouche Rouge, Marigoule Précoce des Vans, Sardonne Marsol CA07 * ** ** 4 Bouche de Marron Bétizac, Comballe, Belle Bournette, Épine, Sauvage Maridonne, Marron, Précoce Marigoule des Vans CHR-162 *** ** *** 5 Tested with (7521) Spanish cultivars CHR-151 ** ** *** 4 Tested with (HS) Spanish cultivars CHR-168 ** ** *** 5 Tested with (110) Spanish cultivars CHR-161 ** ** *** – Tested with (100) Spanish cultivars
132 S. Pereira-Lorenzo and A. M. Ramos-Cabrer Figure 9. Local incompatibility between C. sativa cultivar and interspecific hybrid rootstock (Pereira-Lorenzo and Fernandez-Lopez, 1997a). 6. PLANTATION AND MANAGEMENT Chestnut is a traditional crop that has declined in importance due to diseases and the low profitability, especially in the mountainous old plantations. However, its stable fresh market and industry encourage the growers to establish new plantations and maintain the old orchards in some areas of Europe. Chestnut orchards are being considered as an alternative in non-traditional areas such as Australia and California. 6.1. New orchards New orchards should be established on slopes to allow good drainage. For nut production it is essential to have mechanisation to reduce the necessity of hard labour, and thus this could only be practiced on gentle slopes. If we do not have such conditions then it is limited only for timber plantations. Chestnut is species of long-term investment where returns are limited. Some examples of intensification have been investigated, using irrigation and frost defence or planting chestnut in hedges (Breisch, 1995). The main way to establish new orchards is to use some of the following traditional models: Three different options can be chosen for the cultivation of chestnut; timber, nut or nut and timber
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Production Practices and Quality As
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Production Practices and Quality As
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CONTENTS Preface List of Authors Ef
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PREFACE Today, in a world with abun
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LIST OF AUTHORS Rufaro M. Madakadze
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EFFECT OF PREHARVEST FACTORS ON THE
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2.1. Temperature Effect of Preharve
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e beneficial to the water economy a
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Other responses that can also be ca
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06. Failure of fruits to ripen in t
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of more than 13 hours of night temp
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temperatures. Some show serious int
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Effect of Preharvest Factors 15 bet
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1) High rainfall conditions where B
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increase in the release of P i from
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however, more severe when foliage i
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temperatures and luxuriant growth a
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development of chilling injury symp
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conditions followed by sudden high
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season. The main environmental fact
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4.4.5.2. Water blisters Storage roo
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Effect of Preharvest Factors 33 REF
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Effect of Preharvest Factors 35 men
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EFFECTS OF AGRONOMIC PRACTICES AND
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Effects of Agronomic Practices 39 F
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Effects of Agronomic Practices 41 6
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Effects of Agronomic Practices 43 F
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Effects of Agronomic Practices 45 R
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MODELLING FRUIT QUALITY: ECOPHYSIOL
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Modelling Fruit Quality 49 the dens
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Is it the only level to be consider
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To calculate the hydrostatic pressu
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on an analysis of the biophysical p
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Modelling Fruit Quality 57 fructose
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Modelling Fruit Quality 59 Figure 4
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f(dd) = dd max - dd dd max - dd min
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which depends on climate and irriga
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distributed over the period during
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Modelling Fruit Quality 73 Pruning
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with Fo, Pe and Pr being local ‘d
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Modelling Fruit Quality 77 than in
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Modelling Fruit Quality 79 Dann, I.
Page 92 and 93: Modelling Fruit Quality 81 Huguet,
Page 94 and 95: SPRAY TECHNOLOGY IN PERENNIAL TREE
Page 96 and 97: Spray Technology in Perennial Tree
Page 98 and 99: With centrifugal energy systems dro
Page 100 and 101: fruit orchards is described as 1000
Page 102 and 103: According to Furness (2000), the nu
Page 104 and 105: sprayers which were developed prima
Page 106 and 107: air-blast sprayers in an attempt to
Page 108 and 109: Most agricultural chemicals have be
Page 110 and 111: educing dosage rates to one quarter
Page 116 and 117: CHESTNUT, AN ANCIENT CROP WITH FUTU
Page 118 and 119: 2. WORLD AREA OF CHESTNUT AND PRODU
Page 120 and 121: Table 2. Chestnut production in the
Page 122 and 123: vineyards and north facing to chest
Page 124 and 125: Chestnut, an Ancient Crop with Futu
Page 126 and 127: Table 5. Continued. Chestnut, an An
Page 134 and 135: Table 6. Continued. Chestnut, an An
Page 146 and 147: size. When the trees develop too mu
Page 152 and 153: 6.5. Management of old orchards Che
Page 156 and 157: the disease is already established
Page 158 and 159: where ink disease is rampant, disea
Page 160 and 161: 8.4. Micropropagation Several in vi
Page 162 and 163: 9.3. Hybrids Chestnut breeding in E
Page 174 and 175: IMPROVEMENT OF GRAIN LEGUME PRODUCT
Page 176 and 177: Improvement of Grain Legume Product
Page 188 and 189: 2.8. Field experiments The greenhou
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Improvement of Grain Legume Product
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IMPACT OF OZONE ON CROPS S. DEL VAL
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Impact of Ozone on Crops 191 observ
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Impact of Ozone on Crops 193 1996).
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Impact of Ozone on Crops 195 Figure
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Impact of Ozone on Crops 197 al., 1
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Impact of Ozone on Crops 199 techni
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species show a progressive decline
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Impact of Ozone on Crops 203 Chaime
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Impact of Ozone on Crops 205 Junge,
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Impact of Ozone on Crops 207 Polle,
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SAFFRON QUALITY: EFFECT OF AGRICULT
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1.2. Commercial interest Saffron Qu
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1.3. Uses Saffron Quality 213 There
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oriental-type perfumes (Sampathu et
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Saffron Quality 217 Figure 5. Chemi
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Straubinger et al., 1997; Straubing
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and Micheli, 1979; Curro et al., 19
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Saffron Quality 223 Figure 9. Chemi
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(1984) gives the following data: δ
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Saffron Quality 227 Table 3. HPLC a
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Saffron Quality 229 464/2001, OJ L6
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Saffron Quality 231 Saffron in fila
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Saffron Quality 233 sium were the q
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Saffron Quality 235 Figure 11. The
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Saffron Quality 237 Figure 12. Harv
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Morocco. Ait-Oubahou and El-Otmani
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and Micheli, 1979a; Sampathu et al.
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Saffron Quality 243 Table 8. Drying
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Saffron Quality 245 space for sorti
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unpleasant sensory characteristics
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Saffron Quality 249 The effect of
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Saffron Quality 251 Table 10. Effec
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Saffron Quality 253 Alonso, G. L.,
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Saffron Quality 255 Escribano, J.,
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Saffron Quality 257 tion combined w
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Saffron Quality 259 Selim, K., M. T
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FRUIT AND VEGETABLES HARVESTING SYS
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3. PRINCIPLES AND DEVICES FOR THE D
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exert a vertical pulling force to t
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Fruit and Vegetables Harvesting Sys
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- fingers or spikes; - oscillatory
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- frequency and - amplitude of vibr
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To calculate the number of directio
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For the cleaning and separation of
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