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[libribook.com] Traumatic Scar Tissue Management 1st Edition
dissociation and inner shakiness) (Schmidt et al. 2008). Levine (2010) suggeststhat freeze response is an oxymoron, where as simultaneously one foot is on thebrake and one on the accelerator. Externally we are still, but internally ournervous system (NS) is racing, resulting in a tornado of energy in the body:When imminent danger has passed animals can be observed ‘shaking off’the energy following the freezing period and then go happily about theirbusiness with apparently no ill effects. However for a number of reasonshumans have lost the instinctual ability to discharge this residual energyleading to a wide variety of symptoms following trauma; i.e., anxiety,depression, psychosomatic and behavioral problems. In extreme cases thiscan manifest as posttraumatic stress disorder or PTSD which is incrediblydebilitating.Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is discussed in greater detail later in thischapter.
Stress Response PhysiologyStress places demands on the body that are initially met by the activation of twosystems: the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympatheticnervous system (SNS). Stressful events trigger simultaneous activation of boththe HPA axis in the CNS and the sympatho-adrenomedullary (SAM) axis in theSNS, which in turn mediate a series of neural and endocrine adaptationsassociated with stress response or the stress cascade (see Fig 7.1).
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Stress Response Physiology
Stress places demands on the body that are initially met by the activation of two
systems: the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic
nervous system (SNS). Stressful events trigger simultaneous activation of both
the HPA axis in the CNS and the sympatho-adrenomedullary (SAM) axis in the
SNS, which in turn mediate a series of neural and endocrine adaptations
associated with stress response or the stress cascade (see Fig 7.1).
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