[libribook.com] Traumatic Scar Tissue Management 1st Edition

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dissociation and inner shakiness) (Schmidt et al. 2008). Levine (2010) suggeststhat freeze response is an oxymoron, where as simultaneously one foot is on thebrake and one on the accelerator. Externally we are still, but internally ournervous system (NS) is racing, resulting in a tornado of energy in the body:When imminent danger has passed animals can be observed ‘shaking off’the energy following the freezing period and then go happily about theirbusiness with apparently no ill effects. However for a number of reasonshumans have lost the instinctual ability to discharge this residual energyleading to a wide variety of symptoms following trauma; i.e., anxiety,depression, psychosomatic and behavioral problems. In extreme cases thiscan manifest as posttraumatic stress disorder or PTSD which is incrediblydebilitating.Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is discussed in greater detail later in thischapter.

Stress Response PhysiologyStress places demands on the body that are initially met by the activation of twosystems: the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympatheticnervous system (SNS). Stressful events trigger simultaneous activation of boththe HPA axis in the CNS and the sympatho-adrenomedullary (SAM) axis in theSNS, which in turn mediate a series of neural and endocrine adaptationsassociated with stress response or the stress cascade (see Fig 7.1).

dissociation and inner shakiness) (Schmidt et al. 2008). Levine (2010) suggests

that freeze response is an oxymoron, where as simultaneously one foot is on the

brake and one on the accelerator. Externally we are still, but internally our

nervous system (NS) is racing, resulting in a tornado of energy in the body:

When imminent danger has passed animals can be observed ‘shaking off’

the energy following the freezing period and then go happily about their

business with apparently no ill effects. However for a number of reasons

humans have lost the instinctual ability to discharge this residual energy

leading to a wide variety of symptoms following trauma; i.e., anxiety,

depression, psychosomatic and behavioral problems. In extreme cases this

can manifest as posttraumatic stress disorder or PTSD which is incredibly

debilitating.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is discussed in greater detail later in this

chapter.

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