![[libribook.com] Traumatic Scar Tissue Management 1st Edition](https://documents.yumpu.com/000/063/506/600/df9a14f39008e2ef6fb6257fe1995653691c6175/78495942476d415367326b574a577143792b587756513d3d/6b5834794766414447396d4c4e46336b7862614f41513d3d.jpg?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAICNEWSPSEKTJ5M3Q&Expires=1726214400&Signature=XeJsi4FRyGdLt56Bk58oc0KEfo8%3D)
[libribook.com] Traumatic Scar Tissue Management 1st Edition
Sequelae and ComplicationsAdvances in diagnostic and treatment approaches have resulted in improvedsurvival rates. It is estimated that there are 2.5 million breast cancer survivorsalive in the US, and millions more worldwide (American Cancer Society 2010,Rosedale & Fu 2010, Schmitz et al. 2012).While survival is obviously desirable, sequelae and complications are not. Inaddtion to the impact of the cancer itself, curative treatment approaches such assurgery (mastectomy), radiotherapy and chemotherapy, can also be the source ofongoing pain and dysfunction.The incidence and prevalence of persistent adverse effects and the extent towhich women’s lives remain affected by breast cancer treatment is poorlyunderstood.(Schmitz et al. 2012)According to Schmitz and colleagues, at 6 years post-diagnosis more than 60%of women experienced one or more side-effects amenable to rehabilitativeintervention (Schmitz et al. 2012). For example:• Postsurgical issues: infection, axillary web syndrome/cording, seroma,hematoma• Skin/tissue reaction to radiotherapy: burns• Upper body symptoms and functional issues: lymphedema, swelling, pain,numbness, tingling, muscle weakness, stiffness and range of movement(ROM) issuesBox 6.1
Early detectionBreast cancer is typically detected during a screening examination, prior tosymptoms developing or after symptoms have established, including whena lump is found. Most masses discovered by a mammogram and mostbreast lumps are benign (non-cancerous).As is the case with most cancers, early detection can factor significantlyinto prognosis and survival rate. Prognosis and survival considerationsinclude: disease stage, lymph node status, hormone receptor status, tumortype, size and grade, degree of lymph and vascular invasion, age,recurrence and metastasis.Many countries around the world provide screening programs as a meansof early detection in women between the ages of 50–69 and for otheridentified risk groups (e.g. familial history, gene mutations – BRCA1 or 2,history of breast cancer or atypical hyperplasia, dense breast tissue andhistory of regional radiation treatment).Screening can include: mammography starting at a younger age; morefrequent mammography; ultrasound; MRI; clinical breast exams.Additionally, the value of self-examination cannot be emphasized enoughas many individuals are the first to notice changes in the look and feel oftheir own breasts.Since the mid-1980s breast cancer mortality has declined in women inevery age group, likely due to increased awareness, implemented screeningmeasures and improvements in treatment.• Fatigue.Side-effects were reported to be ‘severe to extreme, a bit to very much’.Other available post-treatment sequelae statistics (Peuckmann et al. 2009):• Chronic/persistent pain – 29%
- Page 475 and 476: The diverse biological effects of N
- Page 477 and 478: Clinical ConsiderationCareful appli
- Page 479 and 480: Clinical ConsiderationSome patholog
- Page 481 and 482: Pathophysiological ConsiderationSom
- Page 483 and 484: compressive effect in the keloidal
- Page 485 and 486: alterations in the mechanical envir
- Page 487 and 488: Clinical ConsiderationMechanical fo
- Page 489 and 490: Table 5.4Role of neuropeptides (NP)
- Page 491 and 492: Fitch P (2005) Scars of life. Journ
- Page 493 and 494: Langevin HM (2006) Connective tissu
- Page 495 and 496: active scars. Journal of Bodywork a
- Page 497 and 498: trauma.
- Page 499 and 500: Clinical ConsiderationPostsurgical
- Page 501 and 502: following burn injury,bacterial col
- Page 503 and 504: Table 6.1Comparison of scars (Ogawa
- Page 505 and 506: Pathophysiological ConsiderationAcc
- Page 507 and 508: BurnsA burn injury to the skin or o
- Page 510 and 511: Figure 6.1Depth of burn trauma and
- Page 512 and 513: • Stimulate ECM formation• Regu
- Page 514 and 515: Clinical ConsiderationIt has been i
- Page 516 and 517: Clinical ConsiderationMT may be a v
- Page 518 and 519: ThermoregulationThermoregulation (t
- Page 520 and 521: from the tissues and taken up by th
- Page 522 and 523: treatment strategies are difficult
- Page 524 and 525: Clinical ConsiderationSkin rolling
- Page 528 and 529: • Paresthesia - 47%• Arm/should
- Page 530 and 531: breast or around the edge of the ar
- Page 532 and 533: Radiation scarringScar tissue as a
- Page 534 and 535: Implants and painPain of fluctuatin
- Page 536 and 537: LymphedemaBreast cancer treatment o
- Page 538 and 539: volume of fluid that accumulates or
- Page 540 and 541: OneTwoThreeCommonly referred to as
- Page 542 and 543: myokinetic chain/myofascial meridia
- Page 544: • Loss of touch sensation• Clum
- Page 548 and 549: Figure 6.3Distribution of nerves in
- Page 550 and 551: include preservation of as much of
- Page 552 and 553: complication is present there is de
- Page 554 and 555: Clinical ConsiderationScar complica
- Page 556 and 557: BreastCancer.org (2015c) Side Effec
- Page 558 and 559: 323-9.Kania A (2012) Scars. In: Dry
- Page 560 and 561: Slemp AE, Kirschner RE (2006) Keloi
- Page 562 and 563: scar tissue, while being mindful of
- Page 564 and 565: Physiological ResponseAs discussed
- Page 566 and 567: • The realization that one is abo
- Page 568 and 569: Stress Response and Stress Hormones
- Page 570 and 571: dissociation and inner shakiness) (
- Page 572: Figure 7.1(A) Summary of the HPA me
- Page 575 and 576: Chronic Stress ResponseChronic stre
Sequelae and Complications
Advances in diagnostic and treatment approaches have resulted in improved
survival rates. It is estimated that there are 2.5 million breast cancer survivors
alive in the US, and millions more worldwide (American Cancer Society 2010,
Rosedale & Fu 2010, Schmitz et al. 2012).
While survival is obviously desirable, sequelae and complications are not. In
addtion to the impact of the cancer itself, curative treatment approaches such as
surgery (mastectomy), radiotherapy and chemotherapy, can also be the source of
ongoing pain and dysfunction.
The incidence and prevalence of persistent adverse effects and the extent to
which women’s lives remain affected by breast cancer treatment is poorly
understood.
(Schmitz et al. 2012)
According to Schmitz and colleagues, at 6 years post-diagnosis more than 60%
of women experienced one or more side-effects amenable to rehabilitative
intervention (Schmitz et al. 2012). For example:
• Postsurgical issues: infection, axillary web syndrome/cording, seroma,
hematoma
• Skin/tissue reaction to radiotherapy: burns
• Upper body symptoms and functional issues: lymphedema, swelling, pain,
numbness, tingling, muscle weakness, stiffness and range of movement
(ROM) issues
Box 6.1
Change language