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[libribook.com] Traumatic Scar Tissue Management 1st Edition
are covered in greater detail in Chapter 6. As burn trauma often impacts largersurface areas, Chapter 6 will also discuss area of damage and amount of tissueloss considerations in greater detail.NP/CM Impact OutcomeSubstancePCGRPElevated levels linked to excessive inflammation and subsequentsequelae; including fibroblasts proliferation and increased histaminerelease by mast cellsElevated levels linked to sensory symptoms associated with woundhealing and chronic inflammationIncreased incidence of:• pathophysiological scars• pruritus and othersensory disturbances(e.g. hyperalgesia andallodynia)• heightened painsensationIncreased incidence of:• pruritus• heightened painsensation• paintranslation/developmentof chronic/persistentpainNGF Altered levels linked to disruption of normal wound healing processes Adverse impact on:• neurondevelopment/survival• inflammatory processesVariousNPs,histamineandkininsElevated levels linked to exaggeration of neurogenic inflammation,increased receptor hypersensitivity and aberrant re-innervation;including, density aberrancies and increased concentration of receptorssensitive to certain stimulants, such as Substance P and CGRP, thatdrive various outcomesIncreased incidence of:• pathophysiological scars• aberrant reinnervation/nervedensityIncreased incidence of:• pathophysiological scars• pruritus and othersensory disturbances• paintranslation/developmentof chronic/persistentpain• small nerve fiberneuropathy
Table 5.4Role of neuropeptides (NP) and other chemical mediators (CM) in pathophysiological scars andassociated sequelaeReferencesAkaishi S, Ogawa R, Hyakusoku H (2008) Keloid and hypertrophic scar: neurogenic inflammationhypotheses. Medical Hypotheses 71: 32–8.Akaishi S, Ogawa R, Hyakusoku H (2010). Visual and pathologic analyses of keloid growth patterns.Annals of Plastic Surgery 64(1): 80–82.Almarestani L, Longo G, Ribeiro-da-Silva A (2008) Autonomic fiber sprouting in the skin in chronicinflammation. Molecular Pain 4(1): 56.Anderson JR, Zorbas JS, Phillips JK, Harrison JL, Dawson LF, Bolt SE, Fear MW (2010) Systemicdecreases in cutaneous innervation after burn injury. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 130:1948–1951;doi:10.1038/jid.2010.47.Avery NC, Bailey AJ (2008) Restraining cross-links responsible for the mechanical properties of collagenfibers: natural and artificial. In Fratzl P Collagen Structure and Mechanics, pp 81–110. New York: Springer.Barbe M (2012) Changes in fascia related to repetitive motion disorders – Opening Keynote. Lecture notesfrom The 3rd International Fascia Research Congress, Vancouver March 28–30 2012.Bayat A. McGrouther DA, Ferguson MWJ (2003) Skin scarring. British Medical Journal 326 (7380): 88.Bernabei R, Landi F, Bonini S et al (1999) Effect of topical application of nerve-growth factor on pressureulcers. Lancet 354: 307.Bhadal N, Wall IB, Porter SR, et al (2008) The effect of mechanical strain on protease production bykeratinocytes. British Journal of Dermatology 158(2): 396–8.Bond JS, Duncan JA, Mason T et al (2008) Scar redness in humans: how long does it persist after incisionaland excisional wounding? Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 121(2): 487–496.Bordoni B, Zanier E (2014) Skin, fascias, and scars: symptoms and systemic connections. Journal ofMultidisciplinary Healthcare 7: 11.Bouffard NA, Cutroneo KR, Badger GJ et al (2008) Tissue stretch decreases soluble TGF-β and type Iprocollagen in mouse subcutaneous connective tissue: Evidence from ex vivo and in vivo models. Journalof Cellular Physiology 214: 389–395.Bove GM, Chapelle SL (2012) Visceral mobilization can lyse and prevent peritoneal adhesions in a ratmodel. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 16(1): 76–82.Bran GM, Brom J, Hormann K, Stuck BA (2012) Auricular keloids: combined therapy with a new pressuredevice. Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery 14(1): 20–26.Broome CS, Miyan JA (2000) Neuropeptide control of bone marrow neutrophil production. A key axis forneuroimmunomodulation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 917: 424–34.
- Page 438: Clinical ConsiderationBecause thera
- Page 441 and 442: fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epi
- Page 443 and 444: Clinical ConsiderationDuring wound
- Page 445 and 446: Clinical ConsiderationAlthough the
- Page 447 and 448: Pathophysiological ScarsPathophysio
- Page 450 and 451: Figure 5.3Adapted from Huang et al.
- Page 452 and 453: Pathophysiological considerationFib
- Page 454 and 455: Table 5.2Important pathophysiologic
- Page 456 and 457: According to Klingler (2012):… pa
- Page 458 and 459: Table 5.3Scar types and related ter
- Page 460 and 461: unyielding or pliable and mobile. R
- Page 462 and 463: Prolonged InflammationInflammation
- Page 464 and 465: ImmobilizationThe impact of immobil
- Page 467 and 468: Figure 5.4The fall-out associated w
- Page 469 and 470: Clinical ConsiderationHere we see t
- Page 471 and 472: Pathophysiological ConsiderationAcc
- Page 473 and 474: Pathophysiological ConsiderationNeu
- Page 475 and 476: The diverse biological effects of N
- Page 477 and 478: Clinical ConsiderationCareful appli
- Page 479 and 480: Clinical ConsiderationSome patholog
- Page 481 and 482: Pathophysiological ConsiderationSom
- Page 483 and 484: compressive effect in the keloidal
- Page 485 and 486: alterations in the mechanical envir
- Page 487: Clinical ConsiderationMechanical fo
- Page 491 and 492: Fitch P (2005) Scars of life. Journ
- Page 493 and 494: Langevin HM (2006) Connective tissu
- Page 495 and 496: active scars. Journal of Bodywork a
- Page 497 and 498: trauma.
- Page 499 and 500: Clinical ConsiderationPostsurgical
- Page 501 and 502: following burn injury,bacterial col
- Page 503 and 504: Table 6.1Comparison of scars (Ogawa
- Page 505 and 506: Pathophysiological ConsiderationAcc
- Page 507 and 508: BurnsA burn injury to the skin or o
- Page 510 and 511: Figure 6.1Depth of burn trauma and
- Page 512 and 513: • Stimulate ECM formation• Regu
- Page 514 and 515: Clinical ConsiderationIt has been i
- Page 516 and 517: Clinical ConsiderationMT may be a v
- Page 518 and 519: ThermoregulationThermoregulation (t
- Page 520 and 521: from the tissues and taken up by th
- Page 522 and 523: treatment strategies are difficult
- Page 524 and 525: Clinical ConsiderationSkin rolling
- Page 526 and 527: Sequelae and ComplicationsAdvances
- Page 528 and 529: • Paresthesia - 47%• Arm/should
- Page 530 and 531: breast or around the edge of the ar
- Page 532 and 533: Radiation scarringScar tissue as a
- Page 534 and 535: Implants and painPain of fluctuatin
- Page 536 and 537: LymphedemaBreast cancer treatment o
Table 5.4
Role of neuropeptides (NP) and other chemical mediators (CM) in pathophysiological scars and
associated sequelae
References
Akaishi S, Ogawa R, Hyakusoku H (2008) Keloid and hypertrophic scar: neurogenic inflammation
hypotheses. Medical Hypotheses 71: 32–8.
Akaishi S, Ogawa R, Hyakusoku H (2010). Visual and pathologic analyses of keloid growth patterns.
Annals of Plastic Surgery 64(1): 80–82.
Almarestani L, Longo G, Ribeiro-da-Silva A (2008) Autonomic fiber sprouting in the skin in chronic
inflammation. Molecular Pain 4(1): 56.
Anderson JR, Zorbas JS, Phillips JK, Harrison JL, Dawson LF, Bolt SE, Fear MW (2010) Systemic
decreases in cutaneous innervation after burn injury. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 130:1948–1951;
doi:10.1038/jid.2010.47.
Avery NC, Bailey AJ (2008) Restraining cross-links responsible for the mechanical properties of collagen
fibers: natural and artificial. In Fratzl P Collagen Structure and Mechanics, pp 81–110. New York: Springer.
Barbe M (2012) Changes in fascia related to repetitive motion disorders – Opening Keynote. Lecture notes
from The 3rd International Fascia Research Congress, Vancouver March 28–30 2012.
Bayat A. McGrouther DA, Ferguson MWJ (2003) Skin scarring. British Medical Journal 326 (7380): 88.
Bernabei R, Landi F, Bonini S et al (1999) Effect of topical application of nerve-growth factor on pressure
ulcers. Lancet 354: 307.
Bhadal N, Wall IB, Porter SR, et al (2008) The effect of mechanical strain on protease production by
keratinocytes. British Journal of Dermatology 158(2): 396–8.
Bond JS, Duncan JA, Mason T et al (2008) Scar redness in humans: how long does it persist after incisional
and excisional wounding? Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 121(2): 487–496.
Bordoni B, Zanier E (2014) Skin, fascias, and scars: symptoms and systemic connections. Journal of
Multidisciplinary Healthcare 7: 11.
Bouffard NA, Cutroneo KR, Badger GJ et al (2008) Tissue stretch decreases soluble TGF-β and type I
procollagen in mouse subcutaneous connective tissue: Evidence from ex vivo and in vivo models. Journal
of Cellular Physiology 214: 389–395.
Bove GM, Chapelle SL (2012) Visceral mobilization can lyse and prevent peritoneal adhesions in a rat
model. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 16(1): 76–82.
Bran GM, Brom J, Hormann K, Stuck BA (2012) Auricular keloids: combined therapy with a new pressure
device. Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery 14(1): 20–26.
Broome CS, Miyan JA (2000) Neuropeptide control of bone marrow neutrophil production. A key axis for
neuroimmunomodulation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 917: 424–34.
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