[libribook.com] Traumatic Scar Tissue Management 1st Edition

disorders (diabetes mellitus), drug-induced toxicity, inflammation, cancer,
trauma, and postsurgical complications. Hyperalgesia to light touch that can
occur with neuropathic pain is comparable to secondary hyperalgesia and is
thought to be associated with central sensitization. Treede and colleagues (2008)
suggest that neuropathic pain is viewed as a clinical description not a diagnosis.
Neuropathy: a disturbance of function or pathological change in a nerve.
Nociception: detection of (noxious) stimuli that are capable of producing tissue
injury. Consequences of encoding may be autonomic (e.g. elevation of blood
pressure) or behavioral (e.g. withdrawal reflex).
Nociceptive pain: pain that arises from actual or threatened damage to nonneural
tissue.
Radicular or radiating pain/sensation: usually perceived as lancinating, sharp,
shooting pain or paresthesia felt in a dermatome, myotome or sclerotome
because of direct involvement of a spinal nerve or nerve root. It is distinguished
from nociception as the axons are stimulated along their course rather than at the
terminal-end receptors. Stimulation may occur as a result of mechanical
deformation of a dorsal root ganglion, mechanical stimulation of previously
damaged nerve roots, inflammation of a dorsal root ganglion and, possibly, by
ischemic damage to dorsal root ganglia. Radicular pain differs from referred pain
in several respects. While pain can also be perceived deeply, radicular pain
displays a cutaneous quality (perceived in the skin as well as deeply) whereas
referred pain lacks any cutaneous quality (Bogduk 2009, Lin et al. 2013, IASP
2014).
Referred pain: pain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful
stimulus or origin (e.g. referred pain associated with MTrPs). Referred pain may
thus occur in a region that is either remote from or directly contiguous with the
source of pain, but the two locations are distinguishable on the basis of their
different nerve supply. Pain can be referred into the corresponding myotome,
dermatome, or sclerotome from any somatic or visceral tissue innervated by a
nerve root, but, confusingly, it sometimes is not referred according to the
commonly known pattern. Referred pain is a common occurrence in problems
associated with the musculoskeletal system. Pain quality is usually described as
deep and aching and although its central locus is recognizable and constant, its
margins are hard to define (Magee 2008, Bogduk 2009, IASP 2014).
Sensitization: changes in the PNS or CNS (adaptive or pathologic) that lead to