[libribook.com] Traumatic Scar Tissue Management 1st Edition
ElastinElastin, which are stretchy, rubber-like fibers, vary in prevalence and amountthroughout skin and fascia depending upon functional demand. Elastin fiberstend to branch, creating a net-like architecture (Van den Berg 2012). Whenplaced under tensional force, these fibers lengthen and when the force isremoved they enable tissue to return to its normal, resting length. Whendehydrated, elastin becomes brittle but when well hydrated it is elastic andflexible. Elastin fibers can be stretched up to 150% their resting length withoutcausing any injury (20 to 30 times more than collagen can withstand) and likecollagen can store or release energy. When placed under sustained stretchdemand,elastin has been shown to lose some of its recoil potential.Within the tissues of the locomotor system, collagen and elastin are oftenintertwined.
Fascia Layers and FunctionsFascia taxonomy varies almost as widely as fascia itself. Which is likely why (atleast in part) at the FRC 3 in 2012, Dr Paul Standley proclaimed, ‘We need aRosetta Stone of manual therapy.’In an attempt to simplify functional understanding and create a conceptualvisual, favoring relevance to MT, this book will briefly cover two of the mostcurrent classification systems: Willard’s (2012a, 2012b) layer/structuralclassification system and Kumka and Bonar’s (2012) functional classificationsystem.Layer ClassificationWillard (2012a) suggests four primary categories: superficial/panniculus (loose),deep/axial (investing), meningeal and visceral (Swanson 2013). Only thesuperficial and axial layers will be covered in more detail – as the techniquescovered in subsequent chapter predominantly target the superficial and deepfascial layers. The meningeal layer will be covered (in some detail) in Chapter 4,the visceral layer will not be covered in much detail in this book. For moreinformation on visceral work please see the recommended references andreading suggestions provided at the end of the chapter.Superficial/panniculus fascia (SF)Although not a universally accepted term, in many textbooks superficial fascia isused to describe the subcutaneous loose CT layer (Platzer 2008, Standring 2008,Netter 2011, Tank 2012).Continuous with the dermis, the SF lies directly beneath the skin, supporting theskin’s structural integrity. Essentially, the SF surrounds the entire torso and theextremities and mostly comprises loose CT and adipocytes.According to Langevin and colleagues (Langevin et al. 2009), there are twotypical presentations of SF:• Loose/areolar CT often embedded with adipocytes• A fine mesh of dense irregular CT with areolar CT and adipocytes within the
- Page 209 and 210: TraumaInsult or injury to the physi
- Page 211 and 212: Traumatic scarPathophysiological sc
- Page 213 and 214: ViscoelasticityThe ability of a med
- Page 215 and 216: Nowadays it is common to see massag
- Page 217 and 218: A Reasonable NexusPrecise etiologic
- Page 219 and 220: integration of art and science are
- Page 221 and 222: Diamond M (2012) Scars and adhesion
- Page 223 and 224: General HistologyExtracellular Matr
- Page 225 and 226: Clinical ConsiderationVitamin C has
- Page 227 and 228: Ground substanceGround substance (G
- Page 229 and 230: Pathophysiological ConsiderationIn
- Page 231 and 232: HyaluronanThis hydrophilic, viscous
- Page 233 and 234: Clinical ConsiderationHA and its fr
- Page 236 and 237: Figure 2.1Layers and components of
- Page 238 and 239: Skin HistologyThe skin comprises:
- Page 241 and 242: Figure 2.2The delicate, well-hydrat
- Page 243 and 244: DermisThe dermis is made up of laye
- Page 245 and 246: Fascia Structure and FunctionsIn th
- Page 247 and 248: fundamental characteristic is its c
- Page 249 and 250: tensional properties co-exist in bo
- Page 251 and 252: HistologyFascia comprises:• ECM (
- Page 253 and 254: Clinical ConsiderationManual therap
- Page 255 and 256: Clinical ConsiderationTransforming
- Page 257 and 258: CollagenCollagen is the most abunda
- Page 259: Clinical ConsiderationSignificant c
- Page 263 and 264: Clinical ConsiderationSuperficial a
- Page 265: Clinical ConsiderationWhen thickene
- Page 268 and 269: LinkingLinking fascia is sub-divide
- Page 270 and 271: FascicularFascicular fascia augment
- Page 272 and 273: Clinical ConsiderationMuscle spindl
- Page 274 and 275: SeparatingSeparating fascia provide
- Page 276 and 277: Clinical ConsiderationFascia suppor
- Page 278 and 279: Andrade C-K (2013) Outcome-based ma
- Page 280 and 281: Ingber D (2008) Tensegrity and mech
- Page 282 and 283: tendons: organisation in vivo and r
- Page 284 and 285: Zorn A, Hodeck K (2011) Walk with e
- Page 286 and 287: Discovery of the Lymphatic SystemTh
- Page 288 and 289: Hematic SystemThe heart, blood vess
- Page 290 and 291: Lymphatic System Structure and Func
- Page 292 and 293: Clinical ConsiderationNerves, blood
- Page 295: Figure 3.1Lymph tissue structure.In
- Page 298 and 299: Lymphoid OrgansThe lymphoid organs
- Page 300 and 301: ThymusThe thymus is a lymphoid glan
- Page 302 and 303: Lymphatic Drainage and TransportIn
- Page 304 and 305: SuperficialThe superficial layer is
- Page 306: Primary upper lymphatic structuresT
- Page 309 and 310: Primary lower lymphatic structuresT
Elastin
Elastin, which are stretchy, rubber-like fibers, vary in prevalence and amount
throughout skin and fascia depending upon functional demand. Elastin fibers
tend to branch, creating a net-like architecture (Van den Berg 2012). When
placed under tensional force, these fibers lengthen and when the force is
removed they enable tissue to return to its normal, resting length. When
dehydrated, elastin becomes brittle but when well hydrated it is elastic and
flexible. Elastin fibers can be stretched up to 150% their resting length without
causing any injury (20 to 30 times more than collagen can withstand) and like
collagen can store or release energy. When placed under sustained stretchdemand,
elastin has been shown to lose some of its recoil potential.
Within the tissues of the locomotor system, collagen and elastin are often
intertwined.