[libribook.com] Traumatic Scar Tissue Management 1st Edition
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[libribook.com] Traumatic Scar Tissue Management 1st Edition

hongchingyee
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Pathophysiological ConsiderationThe viscoelastic nature of fascia can only be observed in hydrated tissue,which underscores the importance of adequate hydration and the potentialpathophysiological consequences of dehydration.• Locomotor system (Chaitow 1980): constitutes the bones, joints, capsules,ligaments, fasciae, aponeuroses and all the tissues surrounding and investingskeletal muscles and their tendinous expansions. So as to aid functionalunderstanding, Myers (2014) subdivides the tissues of the locomotor systeminto outer and inner layers. The outer constitutes the myofascial layer thatsurrounds and invests the 600 or so muscles in the human body. The innerlayer consists of joint capsules, ligaments and periostea. The outer and innerlayers are not segregated but are a continuous, organized network that servesto augment force transmission and regulate movement.• Force transmission: collectively, muscle fibers/bundles and the collagen-richintramuscular CT (myofascial envelopes) are now appearing (as a unit) to befunctionally significant with regard to force transmission. A significantproportion of muscular force is simultaneously transmitted multidirectionally(e.g. obliquely, laterally, linearly) in a shearing fashion onto adjacent fasciaand associated muscular synergists and antagonists (Huijing 2007, 2009, Maas& Huijing 2009, van der Wal 2009, Maas & Sandercock 2010).• Biotensegrity or tensegrity (Myers 2014, Chaitow 2011, Levin & Martin 2012):fascia, considered a biotensegrity system, displays a particular bioarchitecturecomposed of two primary elements – compressional and tensional.• Compressional: described as struts, non-continuous structures thatexhibit the fundamental behavior of resisting compression (bones).• Tensional: described as bands or sheets, continuous tissues capable oftransferring forces across the vast network of all other bands/sheets (fascia)(Fuller 1961, Kumka & Bonar 2012).Although each element exhibits a fundamental behavior, compression and

tensional properties co-exist in bones and fascia such that structuralintegrity is maintained by continuous balance of tension and compressionforces. The ability to support (resist compression) and share the load(distribute/transfer forces) is seen on a macro (bodywide) and micro (ECMand cellular) level (Ingber 2008, Levin & Martin 2012). In a biotensegritysystem, loading of one segment of the structure effects the whole. It is withthis concept in mind that bodywork and movement modalities areconsidered most effective when considered and applied globally in additionto locally. Biotensegrity properties and functional capabilities differ inhealthy verses unhealthy tissues (Levin & Martin 2012).• Myokinetic/myofascial chains or meridians: terms used to describe agrouping or sequence of tissues/structures – structurally and neurologicallylinked together to support functional and perceptive continuity. Accordingto Richter (2012), ‘the locomotor system is to be considered one continuousunit that functions as a whole’. The linkage of various tissues and structuresis supported by the work and/or research of many (for example Benjamin,Busquet, Cantu, Huijing, Ingber, Kabat, Mass and Sundercock, Mazieres,Myers, Pilat, Rolf, Stecco and van der Wal) and is well illustrated in Myers’Anatomy Trains (2014) and in Stecco’s Fascial Manipulation forMusculoskeletal Pain (Stecco 2004) and Fascial Manipulation - thePractical Part (Stecco & Stecco 2009).

Pathophysiological Consideration

The viscoelastic nature of fascia can only be observed in hydrated tissue,

which underscores the importance of adequate hydration and the potential

pathophysiological consequences of dehydration.

• Locomotor system (Chaitow 1980): constitutes the bones, joints, capsules,

ligaments, fasciae, aponeuroses and all the tissues surrounding and investing

skeletal muscles and their tendinous expansions. So as to aid functional

understanding, Myers (2014) subdivides the tissues of the locomotor system

into outer and inner layers. The outer constitutes the myofascial layer that

surrounds and invests the 600 or so muscles in the human body. The inner

layer consists of joint capsules, ligaments and periostea. The outer and inner

layers are not segregated but are a continuous, organized network that serves

to augment force transmission and regulate movement.

• Force transmission: collectively, muscle fibers/bundles and the collagen-rich

intramuscular CT (myofascial envelopes) are now appearing (as a unit) to be

functionally significant with regard to force transmission. A significant

proportion of muscular force is simultaneously transmitted multidirectionally

(e.g. obliquely, laterally, linearly) in a shearing fashion onto adjacent fascia

and associated muscular synergists and antagonists (Huijing 2007, 2009, Maas

& Huijing 2009, van der Wal 2009, Maas & Sandercock 2010).

• Biotensegrity or tensegrity (Myers 2014, Chaitow 2011, Levin & Martin 2012):

fascia, considered a biotensegrity system, displays a particular bioarchitecture

composed of two primary elements – compressional and tensional.

• Compressional: described as struts, non-continuous structures that

exhibit the fundamental behavior of resisting compression (bones).

• Tensional: described as bands or sheets, continuous tissues capable of

transferring forces across the vast network of all other bands/sheets (fascia)

(Fuller 1961, Kumka & Bonar 2012).

Although each element exhibits a fundamental behavior, compression and

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