Open Access e-Journal Cardiometry No.16 May 2020

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Figure 5. Tukey diagram illustrating accuracy of ECG signal filteringElectrodes are marked as follows:* - H92SG, ** - H99SG,*** - MSGLT-05MGRT, **** - М2202АFigure 6. Tukey diagram showing an accuracy of the low-frequencynoise attenuation coefficient calculation. Electrodes aremarked as follows: * - H92SG, ** - H99SG,*** - MSGLT-05MGRT,**** - М2202АFigure 7. Tukey diagram showing an accuracy of the low-frequencynoise separation. Electrodes are marked as follows: * - H92SG,** - H99SG,*** - MSGLT-05MGRT, **** - М2202Аcaused by potentials of electrodes polarization, whenrecording bioelectric cardiac potentials. Assessing theRMSD noise value, we can state that the Newton synthesizedhigh-frequency filter allows us to largely attenuatelow-frequency noises generated by the variousmeasuring electrodes. Besides, the presented Tukeydiagram shows that electrode MSGLT-05MGRT hasmuch lower RMSD value of the separated noise thanother analyzed electrodes.Previously, in work [11] it was stated that the MS-GLT-05MGRT electrode demonstrated a high probabilityof the true ECG signal parameters recording, inparticular it is applicable to low amplitude P waves.The above feature was associated with low electricalresistance in the ECG signal electrodes’ solid contactconductive agents. In electrodes H92SG and H99SGdetected was a high electrical resistance of CCA, affectingan accuracy of the signal parameters recording.It has been identified that in electrode M2202A,in case of long-term cardiac parameters monitoring,liquid CCA flows and exits the measuring cell specifiedarea that reduces an accuracy of the signal recording[11].The quantitative analysis of the results of single-leadECG signal processing shows that in case ofthe cascade (sequence) connection of wide-band RFat the output of each designed sequence the RMSDvalue of the filtered signal is greatly reduced and attenuatesnoise. However, despite that, in case of thesequential implementation of the reject filters and theimplementation with a general transfer function ofthe used filters cascade, the RMSD values of the separatednoise are the same. The above feature becomesapparent not only when using the Newton reject filters,but also the Butterworth filters. This is due to thefact that in case of the sequential connection of theselected order reject filters, the filtered ECG signalvalue is generated at the output of the filters cascade.Hence, when using the general transfer function ofthe reject filters, obtained as a product by two rejectfilters, the ECG signal value is generated at the outputof the filter with general transfer function. All theabove allows us to conclude that the use of the widebandreject filters of the cascade structure makes itpossible to increase an accuracy of the ECG signalprocessing (Figure 8 herein). Figure 8 shows a histogramof ECG signal processing quantitative results byindices of filtered signal RMSD and the high frequencynoise attenuation.94 | Cardiometry | Issue 16. May 2020
Significant data have been obtained using the resultsof the ECG signal single- and multi-lead filtering. Basingon the above data, we can conclude that the Newtonhigh-frequency and cascade reject filters greatly increasean accuracy of ECG signal processing. These findings aresupported by evidence data produced by filtering of thefull-scale reference samples of noise-laden ECG signalrecordings, as well as quantitative assessment of indicescharacterizing the quality of the ECG signal processing.ConclusionsOur paper offers two methods for ECG signal processingdeveloped by us. The first method is based onthe use of the Newton high-frequency filter designedfor increasing the accuracy of the ECG signal parametersseparation at low-frequency noises. The secondmethod is based on the application of the Newtoncascade wide-band reject filters for improving theaccuracy of the ECG signal parameters separation athigh-frequency electrical noises.In order to evaluate the efficiency of the developedfiltering methods, recorded have been noise-ladensamples of multi- and single-lead ECG signals. Calculatedare the quantitative results, characterizing thesignal filtering quality when ECG signal processing.The obtained results of the quantitative indices calculationconfirm an increase in the ECG signal processingaccuracy in comparison with the known solutions.Statement on ethical issuesResearch involving people and/or animals is in fullcompliance with current national and internationalethical standards.Conflict of interestNone declared.Author contributionsThe authors read the ICMJE criteria for authorship andapproved the final manuscript.References1. Li J, Deng G, Wei W, Wang H. Design of areal-time ECGfilter for portable mobile medical systems. IEEE Access.2017 (5):696-704.DOI:10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2612222.2. Milchevski A, Gusev M. Performance evaluation ofFIR and IIR filtering of ECG signals. Advances in IntelligentSystems and Computing. 2018(665):103-112.DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68855-8_10.Figure 8. Histogram of quantitative results of the ECG signalsingle-lead recording processing3. Rangayyan RM. Analysis of biomedical signals. Moscow:Fizmatlit; 2010. [in Russian]4. Avdeeva DK, et al. The simulation results of the highpassand low-pass filter effect on the quality of micropotentialrecordings on the electrocardiogram. EuropeanJournal of Physical and Health Education. 2014(6):1-10.5. Fedotov AA, Akulova AS, Akulov SA. Analysis of theparameters of frequency filtering of an electrocardiographsignal. Measurement Techniques. 2015(57):1320-1325.DOI: 10.1007/s11018-015-0628-z.6. Fedotov AA. Selection of Parameters of Bandpass Filteringof the ECG Signal for Heart Rhythm MonitoringSystems. Biomedical Engineering. 2016(50):114-118.DOI: 10.1007/s10527-016-9600-8.7. Fedotov AA., Akulova AS. A QRS-complex detectorof the electrocardiogram signal for the long-term monitoringof the patient’s condition. Journal of CommunicationsTechnology and Electronics. 2017(62):415-420.DOI: 10.1134/S1064226917040064.8. Altay YA, Kremlev AS., Zimenko KA., Margun AA.The Effect of Filter Parameters on the Accuracy ofECG Signal Measurement. Biomedical Engineering.2019(53):176-180.DOI: 10.1007/s10527-019-09903-2.9. Altay YA., Kremlev AS., Zimenko KA. A new ECGsignal processing method based on wide-band notch filter.Proc.ofEIConRus Intern. Conf. St. Petersburg, 2020.P. 1464-1469.Issue 16. May 2020 | Cardiometry | 95
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