Cyber Defense eMagazine June 2020 Edition

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Persians. The battle of Actium allowed the Roman Republic to become an Empire. The battle of Trafalgar destroyed Napoleon’s aspiration to invade Britain. At the beginning of the 20 th century, in 1905, the battle of Tsushima humiliated the Russian Empire and opened the pathway for an Imperial Japan. During WWI, the battle of Jutland contained the Imperial German Navy and WWII witnessed the battle of Midway that established the U.S. as the new navy superpower after the destruction of Japanese’s aircraft carriers fleet in the Pacific. More recently, the Crimea annexation by Russia was, even if triggered by different causes, a geopolitical move to avoid the loss of access to the Mediterranean Sea. The current hawkish posture and the “gunboat diplomacy” followed by China is not a surprise regarding its ambitions to play a greater global leadership role, to protect its shores where most of its economic activity occurs (its “strategic belt”), and to defend its natural resources and sea lines to supply them from the South and East China Seas (represented by the Nine-Dash) to the Indian Ocean (currently projected as the “String of Pearls” 16 ). A Global Rivalry with Multiple Bottlenecks Because globalization increases global trade, sea roads are busy and multiple bottlenecks are under the spotlight, including many straits and canals. For instance, the Strait of Malacca represents 40 % of global trade, 50% of energy trade, and is indispensable for regional hegemons like China and Japan. Another geostrategic path is the Strait of Hormuz, between Oman and Iran, through which all the Gulf oil trade moves. In this region, the U.S. Navy is face-to-face with the Iranian one. The USS Harry S. Truman aircraft carrier is presently deployed in the Arabian Sea (near Oman) as part of the U.S. 5 th fleet, which covers the Middle East, a crucial region for the U.S. as 18% of its imported oil comes from the Persian Gulf countries. 17 In 1967, the blockade of the Strait of Tiran by Egypt was used as casus belli by Israel and started the Six-Day War. Indeed, the Strait is the only way to leave the Gulf of Aqaba and gain access to Iran’s oil. Other important passages such as the Bab El-Mandab Strait, the Danish Straits, or the Bosporus are well-known narrow gullies. Canals are equally critical for international trade, especially the Suez and the Panama ones. The former was the theater of a war in 1956 between Egypt and a French, British and Israeli alliance (encompassed in the secretive Protocol of Sèvres) to regain control after being nationalized by the infamous Egyptian President Nasser. The latter, under U.S. control for almost 100 years, was retroceded to Panama and recently enlarged to accommodate the new bigger ships and ensure revenue to Panama as it represents 5.5 % of its GDP. 16 HUGHES Lindsay. “String of Pearls Redux: Increased Concern for India”, Future Directions International, Nov 13, 2018 http://www.futuredirections.org.au/publication/string-of-pearls-redux-increased-concern-for-india/ 17 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). “How much petroleum the United States import and export?”, EIA, Apr 4, 2017 https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=727&t=6 Cyber Defense eMagazine –June 2020 Edition 146 Copyright © 2020, Cyber Defense Magazine. All rights reserved worldwide.
The Art of Hacking Navigation Systems In 2017, some incidents at sea have sparked interrogations as hundreds of South Korean fishing vessels returned earlier to port after their GPS (Global Positioning System) signals were jammed, allegedly by North Korean hackers. 18 Later this year, a ship in the Black Sea reported to the U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center that its GPS system had been disrupted and that over 20 ships in the same area had been similarly affected. 19 In Asian waters, deadly collisions happened twice in two months; In June 2017, the USS Fitzgerald was struck by a container ship off the coast of Japan, killing 7 sailors. Later during the year, an oil tanker smashed the USS John S. McCain near Malaysian coast and 10 sailors died. 20 There were also two other lesser-known incidents in 2017: in January, the USS Antietam ran aground near its base in Japan and in May the USS Lake Champlain collided with a South Korean fishing vessel. 21 Consequently, Vice Admiral Joseph Aucoin was relieved of his duty as commander of the U.S. 7 th Fleet, the largest forward-deployed U.S. fleet based in Japan and covering Asia. 22 The causes of all these incidents are not clear. Some experts blame the weather, the heavily reliance on technology, the feeble signal of GPS, cyberattacks, the diminution of crew members or the high pace of deployment lacking training and maintenance. Regarding the number of incidents in a less-than-one-year period and the highly disputed regions where incidents happened (South East Asia and East Asia), the theory of a deliberated influence on navigation systems through cyberattacks is legitimate, especially when the navigation system used is analyzed. Ships orientate themselves through Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) with many countries using their own: GPS for the U.S., GLONASS for Russia, GALILEO for the E.U., QZSS for Japan, BeiDou for China, and NAVIC for India. Although precise to a few meters, this technology is not highly secure because the message is feeble and can be hacked. The same year of these incidents, a security researcher based in France was able to enter the satellite communications system of a ship: Through Shodan, a specific search engine that can reveal connected devices, and by entering a simple username (admin) and password (1234), he accessed the communication center of a commercial ship and posted his performance on Twitter: “I’m connected to a mother****ing ship as admin right now. Hacking ships is easy”. 23 18 SAUL Jonathan. “Cyber threats prompt return of radio for ship navigation”, Reuters, Aug 7, 2017 https://in.reuters.com/article/us-shipping-gps-cyber-idINKBN1AN0HT 19 Ibid. 20 FIFIELD Anna. “Bodies of all 10 sailors missing on USS John S. McCain have been recovered”, The Washington Post, Aug 27, 2017 https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/bodies-of-all-10-sailors-missing-on-uss-john-s-mccain-have-been-recovered/2017/08/27/a2af6c4a-8b8c-11e7- a2b0-e68cbf0b1f19_story.html 21 BARANIUK Chris. “Why it’s not surprising that ship collisions still happen”, BBC, Aug 22, 2017 http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20170822-why-its-not-surprising-that-ship-collisions-still-happen 22 AFP. “U.S. Warship Collisions Raise Cyberattack Fears”, Security Week, Aug 23, 2017 http://www.securityweek.com/us-warship-collisions-raise-cyberattack-fears 23 CHAMBERS Sam. “Ship’s satellite communication system hacked with ease”, Splash 24/7, Jul 19, 2017 http://splash247.com/ships-satellite-communication-system-hacked-ease/ Cyber Defense eMagazine –June 2020 Edition 147 Copyright © 2020, Cyber Defense Magazine. All rights reserved worldwide.
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Post-COVID-19 Cybersecurity Predict
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Ditch Legacy Approaches - Reimagine
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@MILIEFSKY From the Publisher… Ne
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Welcome to CDM’s June 2020 Issue
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Cyber Defense eMagazine -June 2020
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Post-COVID-19 Cybersecurity Predict
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Indeed, almost all organizations ar
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Being Inside the Physical Perimeter
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Cybersecurity Education and Practic
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International Federation for Inform
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The Stats on Cyber Security Percept
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deliberate around retaining mid to
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What is the Justification for This
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Mobile App Security in The Midst of
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Secure communication: It’s not th
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• The risk that critical informat
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containing sensitive information as
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Speed as an action When a security
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Having a positive workplace culture
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GDPR Working from Home Checklist in
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● Companies must have taken Data
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Cybercriminals can also send phishi
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unauthorized access. Face recogniti
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executables, teens are known to vis
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Cyber Crime is Paying What the Evol
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With all of this doom and gloom fro
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Lifting Physical Security Measures
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a single opcode on the customer env
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Building a “Culture of Caring”
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clients and employees, guide them o
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To rapid response or not to rapid r
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In a highly competitive industry su
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Over the course of this journey, th
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The Devil Inside Insider Threats on
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The devil lives the cloud 39% consi
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36% of organizations are looking at
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as cloud computing, big data, Inter
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Healthcare information systems mark
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What is the motive? First and forem
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In addition to that usage of cloud
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Steps to be taken to ensure the sec
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Page 99 and 100: Emergence of smart cities and the s
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Page 103 and 104: Introducing the Role of The Chief C
Page 105 and 106: About the Author Matt Cable is VP S
Page 107 and 108: Not only do IoT devices share some
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Page 111 and 112: It’s clear that as these vulnerab
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Page 115 and 116: You must be current Your knowledge
Page 117 and 118: There are no perfect candidates Com
Page 119 and 120: Mitigating Against Ransomware: Don
Page 121 and 122: Securing data backups This brings u
Page 123 and 124: Ransomware can be grouped into some
Page 125 and 126: Jigsaw: it was inspired by the prot
Page 127 and 128: About the Author Pedro Tavares is a
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Page 131 and 132: Cyber Operations Could Cause Trauma
Page 133 and 134: policies. Apparently, there is stil
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Page 141 and 142: Hackers Are the Future of Cybersecu
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Page 167 and 168: You asked, and it’s finally here
Page 169 and 170: TRILLIONS ARE AT STAKE No 1 INTERNA
Page 171 and 172: 8 Years in The Making… Thank You
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