vFkZ'kkL= dh izd`fr ,oa {ks= - Kurukshetra University

vFkZ'kkL= dh izd`fr ,oa {ks= 

¼Nature and Scope of Economics½ 

Dr. Mohinder Paul Mathur 

Directorate of Distance Education 

Kurukshetra University, 

Kurukshetra 

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DDE 

Programme 

B.A. General 

Class: 

B.A. Part -I 

Subject: 

Economics 

Lesson No. 1



vFkZ'kkL= dh izd`fr ,oa {ks= 

¼Nature and Scope of Economics½ 

� Hkwfedk ¼Introduction½ 

fdlh Hkh fo"k; dk lqpk: :i ls v/;;u djus ds fy, 

mlds {ks= dk Kku vko';d gSA {ks= dh tkudkjh ls gh 

irk pyrk gS fd fo"k; dk v/;;u oLrq D;k gS ?] mldh 

izd`fr rFkk lhek,a D;k gS ? vk/kqfud vFkZ'kkfL=;ksa us 

vFkZ'kkL= ds {ks= ds v/;;u esa fuEfufyf[kr rhu ckrksa dk 

v/;;u fd;k gS%& 

� vFkZ'kkL= dh fo"k; lkexzh ¼Subject matter of Economics½ 

� vFkZ'kkL= dh izd`fr ¼Nature of Economics½ 

� vFkZ'kkL= dh lhek,a ¼Limitations of Economics½



�mís'; ¼OBJECTIVE½ 

bldk eq[; mís'; fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vFkZ'kkL= dh fo"k; oLrq] vFkZ 

'kkL= dh izd`fr ,ao vFkZ'kkL= dh lhekvksa dk cks/k djkuk gSA 

�vFkZ'kkL= dh fo"k; lkexzh ¼Subject matter of Economics½ 

�vFkZ'kkL= D;k gS\ ¼What is Economics?½ 

�vFkZ'kkL= dh fo"k;&lkexzh dk ladsr bldh ifjHkk"kk ls feyrk gSA 

�izfl) vFkZ'kkL=h ,Me fLeFk ¼Adam Smith½ us viuh iqLrd 

¼An Enquiry into the Nature and the Causes of the Wealth of 

Nations½ tks 1776 es a izdkf'kr gqbZ es a vFkZ'kkL= dks /ku dk 

foKku ekuk gSA 

�MkW- ,YÝsM ek'kZy ¼Dr. Alfred Marshal½ us 1890 esa izdkf'kr 

viuh iqLrd vFkZ'kkL= ds fl)kUr ¼Principles of Economics½ esa 

vFkZ'kkL= dks dY;k.k lEcU/kh ifjHkk"kk nsdj bldks yksdfiz; cuk 

fn;kA



� fczVsu ds izfl) vFkZ'kkL=h ykMZ jkfcUl ¼Lord Robbins½ us 

viuh iqLrd] ^^An Essay on the Nature and Significance 

of Economic Science** tks 1932 esa izdkf'kr gqbZ Fkh 

vFkZ'kkL= dks nqyZHkrk dk fl)kUr ekuk gSA bl lEcU/k esa 

mudk er gS fd ekuoh; vko';drk,a vlhfer gSA rFkk 

mudks iwjk djus ds lk/ku lhfer gSA rFkk lk/kuksa dk 

oSdfYid iz;ksx gSA 

� vk/kqfud vFkZ'kkL=h lSE;wylu ¼Samuelson½ us vFkZ'kkL= dks 

fodkl dk 'kkL= ¼Science of Growth½ dgk gSA 

� vr% ge dg ldrs gS fd vFkZ'kkL= og 'kkL= gS ftlesa 

euq"; dh vko';drkvksa dh vf/kdre lUrqf"V djus o 

dY;k.k c

� vkfFkZd pØ ¼Economic Circle½ 

�euq"; dh vko';drk,a vlhfer gSA 

�vko';drkvksa dh lUrqf"V ds fy, iz;Ru fd;k tkrk gSA 

�lHkh vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djuk vlEHko gksrk gSA 

�D;ksafd mudks iwjk djus ds fy, lk/ku lhfer gksrs gSA 

Wants 

Satisfac 

tion 

ECONOMIC CIRCLE 



Efforts 

Limited 

Means



vkfFkZd fØ;ka, 

vFkZ'kkL= dh fo"k; lkexzh ds lEcU/k esa vkfFkZd fØ;kvksa 

dk o.kZu Hkh t:jh gSA bu fØ;kvksa dks ikap Hkkxksa esa ckaVk 

tk ldrk gSA 

�mRiknu ¼Production½ 

�miHkksx ¼Consumption½ 

�fofue; ¼Exchange½ 

�forj.k ¼Distribution½ 

�jktLo ¼Public Finance½ 

vkfFkZd fØ;kvksa ds mís'; ds vk/kkj ij 1933 esa loZizFke 

jsxuj fÝz'k ¼Prof. Ragnor Frisch½ us vFkZ'kkL= dks nks 

Hkkxksa esa ckaVkA 

�O;fDrxr vFkZ'kkL= ¼Micro Economics½ 

�lef"Vxr vFkZ'kkL= ¼Macro Economics½



�vkfFkZd iz.kkfy;ka ¼Economic Systems½ 

vkfFkZd iz.kkyh ,d ,slh iz.kkyh gS ftlds vUrxZr fofHkUu 

O;olk;ksa esa dke djds yksx viuh thfodk dekrs gSA vkfFkZd 

fØ;kvksa dks lqpk: :i ls lapkfyr djus ds fy, izR;sd ns'k 

vyx&vyx vkfFkZd iz.kkyh viukrk gSaA vkfFkZd iz.kkfy;ksa dks 

eq[; :i ls rhu Hkkxksa esa ckaVk x;k gSA 

�iwathoknh vFkZO;oLFkk ¼Capitalistic Economy½ 

�lektoknh vFkZO;oLFkk ¼Socialistic Economy½ 

�fefJr vFkZ O;oLFkk ¼Mixed Economy½



�vkfFkZd uhfr;ka ¼Economic Policies½ 

izR;sd ns'k pkgs og fdlh Hkh vkfFkZd iz.kkyh ds vUrxZr 

dke djrk gSA mldks fofHkUu vkfFkZd leL;kvksa tSls xjhch& 

/ku o vk; dh vlekurk] csjkstxkjh] eqnzk LQhfr o eUnh 

vkfn dk lkeuk djuk iMrk gSa bu leL;kvksa ds lek/kku ds 

fy, og fofHkUu uhfr;ksa dks viukrk gSA eq[; vkfFkZd uhfr;ka 

bl izdkj gSA 

�ekSfnzd uhfr ¼Movement Policy½ 

�jktdks"kh; uhfr ¼Fiscal Policy½ 

�dher uhfr ¼Price Policy½ 

�vk; uhfr ¼Income Policy½ 

�jkstxkj uhfr ¼Employment Policy½ 

�vkfFkZd ;kstuk ¼Economic Planning½



a 

vFkZ'kkL= dh izd`fr 

izks- lSE;wylu ds vuqlkj vFkZ'kkL= dyk lewg esa izkphure 

rFkk foKku lewg esa uohure oLrqr% lHkh lkekftd foKkuks 

dh jkuh gSA ¼Economics is the oldest of the arts, the 

newest of sciences - indeed the queen of all the social 

sciences½ 

vFkZ'kkL= dh izd`fr 

foKku dyk 

okLrfod foKku vkn'kkZRed foKku

� foKku dh fo'ks"krk,a 



� Øe c) v/;;u 

� rF;ksa dk eki 

� foKku ds fu;e dkj.k vkSj ifj.kke esa lEcU/k djrs gSA 

� lR;rk dh tkap 

� lkoZHkkSfed fu;e 

;s lHkh fo'ks"krk,a vFkZ'kkL= esa ikbZ tkrh gSa vr% vFkZ'kkL= 

,d foKku gSA

� vFkZ'kkL= dyk ds :i 



fdlh fuf'pr mns'; dh izkfIr ds fy, Kku dk O;ogkfjd 

iz;ksx dyk dgykrk gSA 

� dYiukvksa dk egRo 

� fl)kUrksa dh jpuk 

� vkfFkZd fl)kUrksa dh tkap 

� vkfFkZd leL;kvksa dk lek/kku 

� vFkZ'kkL= dk dyk ladk; esa v/;;u gksrk gSA

� vFkZ'kkL= dh lhek,a (Limitations of Economics) 

dsoy ekuoh; fØ;kvksa dk v/;;u 



� lkekftd euq"; dk v/;;u 

� okLrfod euq"; dk v/;;u 

� vkfFkZd fØ;kvksa dk v/;;u 

� lkekU; equ"; dk v/;;u 

� dkuwuh lhek ds vUrxZr vkus okys O;fDr;ksa dk v/;;u 

� nqyZHk inkFkksZ dk v/;;u 

� vkfFkZd fu;e de fuf'pr gksrs gSA 

� foKku rFkk dyk

� vFkZ'kkL= dk egRo (Importance of Economics) 

vFkZ'kkL= dk lS)kfUrd ,oa O;ogkfjd egRo gS 

� lS)kfUrd egRo 

� Kku esa o`f) 

� rdZ'kfDr esa o`f) 

� fl)kUrksa esa o`f) 

� fo'ys"k.k 'kfDr esa o`f) 

� vU; 'kkL=ksa ls lEcU/k dk Kku 


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� O;kogkfjd egRo (Practical Importance) 

� miHkksDrkvksa dks ykHk 

� mRikndksa dks ykHk 

� Jfedksa dks ykHk 

� O;kikfj;ksa dks ykHk 

� ljdkj dks ykHk 

� lektlq/kkjdksa dks ykHk 

� jktuhfrKksa dks ykHk 

� fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ykHk 

� oSKkfudks a dks YkkHk 

� izcU/kdksa dks ykHk 


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blls lEcf/kr tkudkjh ds 

fy, lEidZ djsa% 9416413126

vFkZ'kkL= dh izd`fr ,oa {ks= - Kurukshetra University

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