Austral to Independent Bangla

AvKv eveyj

A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 1

AvKv eveyj

cÖKvkKvj

Agi GKz‡k MÖš’‡gjv 2020

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m. g. Bd‡ZLvi gvngỳ

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†MŠie cÖKvkb

38 evsjvevRvi, XvKv-1100, †dvb: 02-58050665

†gvevBj: 01719 843106, 01824 600 559

MÖš’¯^Z¡

†jLK KZ…©K msiwÿZ

cÖ”Q` wWRvBb

gymvwdi

A½m¾v I iƒcvqY

Avi †K iæ‡ej

gỳ ª‡Y

Qvcvi nvU

2bs b›`jvj `Ë †jb, j²xevRvi, XvKv-1100

g~j¨: 150/- (GKkZ cÂvk UvKv gvÎ)

Austral theke Bongobondhu O Bangali

By – Aka Babul

Published by – Gourob Prokashon

e-mail : gourobprokashon@gmail.com

website : www. gourobprokashon.com

Price: Tk 150.00 Only, US$ - 10

ISBN : 978-984-8175-34-7


DrmM©

....................................................



f‚wgKv

evRv‡i nvRvi nvRvi evsjv I evOvjxi BwZnvm, b„ZËw¡fwËK cȳ ÍK cvIqv

hvq| †m¸‡jvi GKwU wb‡q co‡Z †M‡j nq mßvn bvnq GKgvm mgq

†b‡e| GZ DbœZ cÖ‡KŠk‡ji hy‡M GZ âh©¨ KviI bvB GBfv‡e eKZvcm

n‡q BwZnvm Rvb‡e|

Zvi Ic‡i Av‡Q byZb cÖR‡b¥i K_v| Zviv Kw¤úDUvi, B›Uvi‡bU, †dmeyK

†_‡K gv_v Nywi‡q GKwU PKP‡K gjv‡Ui eB †`L‡j nv‡Z †bq| Zv‡Z fzj

g‡b nIqv †Kvb Z_¨ †c‡j Avi G‡Mvq bv| Kvib Avgv‡ì evsjvq

†jL‡Ki, BwZnvmwe‡ì Afve bvB| GKz‡ki eB‡gjvq Zvi cÖPzi cÖgvY

†g‡j| Zv‡ì †jLvi g‡a¨ †jL‡Ki cwiPq cvIqv hvq| hw` †jLK

weGbwc mg_©K nq Zvn‡j †m cvwK¯Ív‡bi †`vl nvjKv Kivi †Póv Ki‡e,

Avi hw` AvIqvgxcš’x nq Zvn‡j fviZ‡K nvBjvBU Kivi cÖqvm cv‡eB|

ZvB Avgv‡ì ¯^vaxb evsjvi bZzb cÖRb¥iv weåvšÍ nq| Kvib Avgiv gv‡qi

†Kv‡j e‡m ev‡ci wePvi Kiv wkwLwb| bxwZ‡Z Avgiv AUj _vK‡Z cvwi

bv| Avgiv Pviw`‡K Rj‡ewóZ gvZ…f‚wgi mšÍvb| Avi R‡ji is I ˆ`N©

cÖ¯’ cvÎvbyiæc nq| †Zgwb AvgivI `jcv‡Îi cÖfv‡e cÖfvweZ| cÖvPxb

evsjvi agxq© Ae‡M©i Kvib Gi †Ri Uvb‡Z Uvb‡Z cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¥| Avi

GB cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K gyw³hy‡×i gva¨‡g evsjv‡`k †Kb, Zvi cieZx ©mg‡q

N‡U hvIqv mswÿß KoPv Gi cÖ‡Póv Ges Zvi dwjZ iæcB nj GB †QvÆ

cyw¯ÍKvi Av‡qvRb|

G‡Z fzjÎæwUi `vqfvi Avgvi| Avwg GB ÿz`ª cÖqv‡m nvZ †`qvi

Aby‡cÖiYv †c‡qwQ euvkLvjx Dc‡Rjvi wbe©vnx Awdmvi Rbve KvRx

†gvnv¤§` Pv‡nj Z¯Íixi Kv‡Q| eZ©gvb †m wmwbqi †WcywU †m‡µUvix

wn‡m‡e `vwq‡Z¡iZ Av‡Qb| Dbv‡K Avgvi AvšÍwiK abëv`|

webxZ Ñ Avãyj Kv‡ì †PŠayix (AvKv eveyj)

Ñ Avãyj Kv‡ì †PŠayix (AvKv eveyj)



A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz

Avgiv evOvjx| b„ZvwËK wePv‡i Avgv‡ì RvZxq i‡³i cÖ_g aviv A÷ªvj|

Avgv‡ì ZLb fvlv wQj Aw÷ªK fvlv| GLb †mB Aw÷ªK fvlvi 60 †_‡K

80 fvM eënvi K‡i †Kvj I gyÛviv| Avgv‡ì GB A÷ªvwjq mvgvwRK

mgq wQj AvR †_‡K 30 nvRvi eQi c~‡e©| AvbygvwbK `yB nvRvi eQi

GB A÷ªvwjq mvgvwRK Ae¯’v cÖPwjZ wQj| Zvici AvbygvwbK 27-28

nvRvi eQi c~‡e© `ªvweo‡ì mv‡_ wgkÖ‡Yi d‡j Avgv‡ì wKQz fvlvi g‡a¨

Aw÷ªK kã wejyß n‡q `ªvweo kã †hvM`vb K‡i| †hgb AvR‡K evsjv

fvlvi g‡a¨ A‡bK Bs‡iwR, Aviwe, wn›`x kã ¯’vb K‡i wb‡”Q| Avgv‡ì

msL¨v Mwiô AwkwÿZ mvavib gvbyl, †hgb- wi·vIqvjviv BDwbfvwmw©U

ey‡S, wek¦we`¨vjq ey‡S bv| Avgv‡ì fvlv cÖ‡qv‡M dvm©x Lyb-Lvivex Av‡Q

wKš‘ i³-Lvivex bvB| Avgv‡ì wn›`x fvlvi cvwb Av‡Q, evsjv fvlvi Rj

cÖvq wejyß nevi c‡_| wVK †mBfv‡e Aw÷ªK fvlvi g‡a¨ `ªvweo fvlvi

cÖ‡ek| †hgb- Aw÷ªK Kzwo, Avi `ªvweo wek| GKB †mªvZavivq Aw÷ªK

kã¸‡jv h_vµ‡g Kov, MÐv, cb, ev`yi, Rvs, V¨v½, †VvU, cvMj, evwm,

QuvP, Kwj, †RvU, †cU, KivZ, `v, Mo, eiR, jvD, †jey, Kjv, KvgivOv,

Wzgyi, M½v, e½, †XwK, †gvUv, wkqvj`n, wSbvB`n, GgbwK ZzZz K‡i KzKzi

WvKv Ges ˆP ˆP K‡i nvm WvKv Aw÷ªK fvlv c×wZ| ejv evûj¨

AhcvovMv -Gi Ah kãwU I Aw÷ªK|

GB Aw÷ªK k‡ãi gZ `ªvweo kã G‡m fvlvi De©iZv evwo‡q w`‡qwQj|

Zv h_vµ‡g ÔovÕ, RvqMvi bv‡gi DcvšÍ (nvIov, e¸ov, evKzov) ¸wo,

(wkwj¸wo, RjcvB¸wo) wfUv, KzÛ (mxZvKzÛ, evoeKzÛ, gvaeKzÛ)

BZ¨vw`| cvkvcvwk w`jxc, `ki_ I `ªvweo kã| evsjvfvlvq wjwcc×wZ

eªvþx wjwci iæcvšÍi| A_©vr †fvUegx ©†hgb- wZ¯Ív, e¯Ív, iv¯Ív BZ¨vw`|

cÖ‡j‡c cÖ‡jwcZ Gi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q AvjwcI, êw`K cÖfve| AviI hy³

nq bvwWK© kã| Zvici evsjv K_¨ I †jL¨ fvlv †ek cÖwZwôZ n‡j hy³

nq cZz©MxR I Aviex fvlv| me©mvKz‡j¨ Avgiv evOvjx Rv‡Z †hgb msKi

fvlvqI †Zgb msKi| ey‡ov PwÛ`v‡mi kÖxK…ò KxZ©b evsjv

Aÿ‡i wjwLZ cÖ_g mvwnZ¨ KxwZ©| Ph©vc‡ì fvlv evsjv n‡jI †bIqvix

Aÿ‡i wjwLZ| AviI D‡jøL‡hvM¨ mgvPvi †`‡ei KzUvjxcvov Zvgª kvm‡b

evsjv eY©gvjvi cÖ_g wb`k©b cvIqv hvq| `kg kZ‡K GB evsjv eY©gvjvi


mv‡_ cwðg fvi‡Zi eY©gvjv cÖfvweZ nq| gnxcv‡ji ivRZ¡Kv‡j GB

cÖfve `yi nq| gnxcv‡ji evbMo wjwc‡Z eëüZ A, D, K, L, M, N, b,

g, j Ges ÿ A‡bKUv evsjv Aÿ‡ii iƒc aviY K‡i‡Q| 12 kZ‡Ki weRq

†m‡bi †Ìcvov cÖkw¯Í‡Z †h eY©gvjv eëüZ n‡q‡Q Zvi 22wU Aÿi

evsjv Aÿ‡ii gZ| 13 kZ‡K evsjv eY©gvjv m¤ú~Y© iæcjvf K‡i‡Q| 19

kZ‡K gy`ªv hš¿ cÖPj‡Yi d‡j evsjv Aÿi¸wj mywbw`ó© iƒc †c‡q‡Q| a‡g©i

†ÿ‡ÎI ZvB| wKš‘ a‡g©i AZxZ KwZcq gvby‡li Kv‡Q wejyß n‡jI Avevi

KwZcq gvbyl cyivZb ag© AvPvi Qv‡owb| †hgb A÷ªvj‡ì ag© wek¦vm

wQjÑ †Kn gviv †M‡j Zvi AvZ¥v †Kvb MvQ ev cv_i ev cvnv‡oi mv‡_ ev

†Kvb RxeRš‘‡K AvkÖq K‡i †eu‡P _v‡K| ZvB Zviv g„Z‡`n Kvc‡o ev

Mv‡Qi Qv‡j Rwo‡q Mv‡Qi mv‡_ †eu‡a ivLZ| gv‡S gv‡S †mLv‡b LveviI

†i‡L AvmZ| 21, 23, 25 w`b ci Zv‡K Kei w`Z| cyiæ‡li Ke‡i GKwU

cv_i j¤^v K‡i cy‡Z w`Z| gwnjv‡ì Ke‡ii Dci P¨vÞv cv_i ïB‡q

w`Z|

`ªvweoiv G‡m GB ag©wek¦v‡mi ms¯‹vi mvab K‡i| Zviv hyMag© I mvab

c×wZ cÖPjb NUvq| Zviv gywZ©cyRv, gw›ì wbg©vY, cïejx, hvMhÁ,

wkek¤¢y, †è †èZvq wek¦vmx wQj| Giv g„Z‡`n mivmwi Kei w`Z| GB

wek¦v‡m A‡b‡K GwM‡q Avmj| A‡bK A÷ªv‡ji ag© wek¦vm `ªvweoxq n‡q

hvIqv‡Z Giv êevwnK eÜ‡b GK n‡q GKB mvgvwRK AvPv‡i cÖevwfZ

nj| A÷ªvj‡ì bvK wQj P¨vÞv, iO Kvj, Pzj †KvKovb| GB A÷ªvj

`ªvweo êevwnK my‡Î Ave× nIqv‡Z byZb cÖR‡b¥i bvK GKUz Lvov n‡jv,

Pzj GKUy †mvRv nj, iO GKUz ev`vgx nj|

Avmj AvíxqAvh© I f‚ga¨mvMixq bvwWK©iv| A÷ªvj `ªvweo‡ì wgjb

†ÿ‡Î Avh©bvwW©K mshy³ n‡j fviZevmxi Avi GK avc cwieZ©b Avmj|

bvK AviI Lvov, Pzj AviI †mvRv, iO AviI dm©v nj| mv‡_ mv‡_ a‡g©iI

cwieZ©b Avmj| Giv bvwWK©‡ì hvMhÄ I AvPvi Abyôvb‡K mybR‡i

†`LZ bv| Giv g„Z‡`n cywo‡q Kei w`Z| Lªxóc~e© 6ô kZ‡Ki w`‡K

evsjvq ˆRb AvRxweK I †eŠ× ag© we¯Ívi jvf Ki‡Z _v‡K| H mgq

gnvexi ea©gvb ivp ag© cÖPvi Ki‡Z G‡m j¤^v euv‡ki jvwV nv‡Z AvRxweK

wfÿz‡ì †`‡LwQj| GKB mgq bvwK †eŠ×‡è I evsjvq G‡mwQ‡jb|

bvwW©K‡ì êw`K I Avh©‡ì †è Dcvmbvi cÖfv‡e evsjv cÖfvweZ nq


¸ßhy‡M| GB †_‡K ïiæ nq eY©kÖgev`| evsjvq ag© bZzb iƒc †bq|

G‡ZK‡i Ab¨vb¨ a‡g©i a¨vb aviYv¸wj wcQz nU‡Z _v‡K| Avi eªvþY¨ ag©

GwM‡q G‡m RvqMv `Lj K‡i Rqx nq| ïiæ nq aŸRv cyRv, i_hvÎv, eªZ

Drme, ag© VvKzi, PoKcyRv, †nvjx, Av¤^yevPx, gbmv cyRv, R½jx †èx,

cY©ke©ix †èx, mvi`Drme, NU jÿxcyRv, lôxcyRv, MvQ cyRv, c~Y¨cyKzi,

Rb¥všÍiev`, ci‡jvK wek¦vm, wcÛ`vb, kÖv×Kvh©, †cÖZZË,¡ wj½cyRv cÖf…wZ

eªvþb¨ a‡g© cÖ‡ek K‡i| GBme Abym½ wb‡q ¸ßhy‡M Lªxwóq 5g 6ô kZ‡K

eªvþY¨ ag© evsjvq cÖvavb¨ we¯Ívi K‡i| ZvB gnvexi ivX ag© cÖPv‡i G‡j

Zv‡K MÖnY bvK‡i eis Zv‡K KzKzi †jwj‡q †`qv n‡qwQj| ZviciI ˆRb

ag© †VwK‡q ivLv hvqwb| Zvi cÖgvY m¤ªvU A‡kvK GKevi cyÛªea©‡b ˆRb

wbM©šÍ‡ì Aciv‡a fzj K‡i cvUvjxc‡Îi 18 nvRvi AvRxweK‡K nZ¨v

K‡iwQ‡jb| Pxbv cwieªvRK BD‡qb mvs-Gi weeiY †_‡K Rvbv hvq

†eŠ×‡è ag© cÖPv‡i evsjvq G‡mwQ‡jb|

¸ßhy‡Mi ci cvj Avg‡jI †eŠ× a‡g©i me©v‡cÿv RqRqKvi mgq| Bnv

Aóg kZK †_‡K `v`k kZK ch©šÍ| ¸ßhy‡M evsjvq eªvþY¨ êw`K Ges

†cŠivwbK a‡g©i †h cÖmvi jv‡fi `„óvšÍgyjK igigv Ae¯’v wQj Zvnv

cvjÑP›`ª c‡e©I g„`y Zv‡j jqcÖvß wQj| †mb ivRv‡ì AvMg‡b Zvnv

AveviI êkvLx †g‡Ni gZ M‡R© DVj| †mb‡ì c„ô‡cvlKZvq ïiæ nj

DÌvb PZz`k©x, DËivqb ksµvwšÍ Dcj‡ÿ ¯œvb Zc©b cyRv, myLevox eªZ,

Kvg g‡nvrme, †nvjvK Drme, cvlvb PZz`k©x, †KvRvMi cywY©gv,

åvZ…wØZxqv BZ¨vw`| A_©vr eªvþY¨ a‡g©i RqRqKvi Ae¯’v| GB mgq ˆRb

a‡g©i †Kvb D‡jøL bvB| †eŠ× ag© A‡bKUv gyL †_veov‡bv, `yÕGKwU †eŠ×

wenvi `yÕGKwU fvb‡_ wKsev wfÿz, NyNy Pov‡bv wf‡U †hgb| Kvib eg©b I

†mbiv †eŠ× a‡g©i cÖwZ weiæc wQj| Zviv †P‡qwQj ˆRb I †eŠ× a‡g©i

wejywß I eªvþY¨ a‡g©i Avo¤^Zv wKsev igigv weKvk| Zviv cwiKwíZfv‡e

†P‡qwQj †eŠ× a‡g©i webvk I eªvþY¨ a‡g©i cÖKvk| GB †_‡K ïiæ nq

agxq© msNvZ| A_©vr GK A‡_© agxq© msNv‡Zi BwZnvm cÖvPxb evsjvi

BwZnvm| G †`‡ki Avw`g Awaevmx‡ì ag© wQj eªvþY¨ ag© †_‡K c„_K|

GRb¨B êw`K Ges †cŠivwbK ag©MÖ‡š’ Avgv‡ì c~e© cyiæl‡ì MvjvMvwj

Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb- HZ‡iq eªvþ‡Y cyÛª‡ì `mÿ ejv n‡q‡Q| HZ‡iq

AviY¨‡K evOvjx‡K cÿxKív ejv n‡q‡Q| gnvfvi‡Z evsjvi mgỳ ª

ZxieZx©‡ì †g‡j”Q ejv n‡q‡Q| fMeZ cyiv‡b my¤§v RvZx‡K cvcvkq


ejv n‡q‡Q| gby cyÛª‡ì eªvZ¨ ev cw_Z e‡j‡Qb| †evavqb ag© m~‡Î cyÛª

I e½ cÖf…wZ †`‡ki †jvK‡K msKxY© †gvbqt ejv n‡q‡Q| Gme Kvi‡b

wn›`y Ges †eŠ× ag© ¸iæ‡ì g‡a¨ Kjn eivei P‡j AvmwQj| eªvþYiv

†eŠ×‡ì Rj MÖnY Ki‡Zb bv| AwaKš‘ wn›`y ag© ¸iæiv my‡hvM †c‡j †eŠ×

ag©‡K MÖvm Kivi †Póv KiZ| GgbwK †eŠ× gywZ©‡K wke evwb‡q cyRv

K‡i cÖgvY Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Q wkeB gyj| †eŠ× ej‡Z wKQz †bB| Zvnv AvRI

RjšÍ `„óvwšÍZ, Lyjbv †Rjvi wkeevwo‡Z Dcweó †eŠ× gywZ© AvRI wke

iæ‡c cywRZ n‡”Q|

Aci w`‡K evsjvq eªvþY¨ eY©kÖgev`x‡ì eY© web¨v‡m eªvþY Qvov mK‡jB

k~`ª| G‡ì g‡a¨ Avevi wZb fvM| †hgb- DËg msKi, ga¨g msKi,

Aag msKi| DËg msK‡ii 20wU DceY© ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|

1| KiY Ñ Giv †jLK I cȳ ÍK Kg©`ÿ Ges mrk~`ª e‡j cwiMwYZ|

2| A¤ó Ñ e„wË wPwKrmv, ê`¨ e‡j cwiwPZ|

3| DMÖ Ñ e„wË ÿwÎq, hy× we`¨v G‡ì ag©|

4| gvMa Ñ e„wË g„Z Ges msev` evnb hy‡× Abxnv|

5| Zš‘evq Ñ Zuv‡Z Kvco ey‡b RxweKv wbe©vnKvix

6| MÜevwbK Ñ gmjv eëmvqx|

7| bvwcZ Ñ hviv Pyj `vwo gyQ K‡U|

8| †MŠc Ñ †jLK hviv †jLv †jwL K‡i|

9| Kg©Kvi Ñ `v, Kv‡¯Í, †Kv`vj wbg©vZv|

10| ˆZwjK Ñ (mycvwi eëmvqx|)

11| Kz¤¢Kvi Ñ gvwUi Mvwo cvwZ evbvq hviv|

12| KsmKvi ÑKvmvi KvR K‡i, hviv cvwZj û°z evbvq|

13| k•LKvi Ñ hviv k•L w`‡q Mqbv evbvq|

14| `vm Ñ Pvlx

15| eviRxwe Ñ (cvbPvlx|)

16| †gv`K Ñ (gqiv|) wgwói KvwiMi|

17| gvjvKvi Ñhviv evMv‡b KvR K‡i I dz‡ji gvjv Muv‡Z|

18| m~Z Ñ hviv †Nvovi Mvwo Pvjvq I Kv‡Vi KvR K‡i|

19| ivRcyÎ Ñ ˆmwbK esk †hv×v|

20| Zv¤^jx Ñ (cvb we‡µZv|)


ga¨g msKi t 12wU DceY©

1| ZÿY Ñ †Lv`vBKvi|

2| iRK Ñ †h me aycv Kvco iv½vq|

3| ¯^Y©Kvi Ñ ¯^‡Y©i KvwiMi|

4| myeb© ewYK Ñ ¯^‡Y©i eëmvqx|

5| Avexi Ñ (Avwni|) †Mvqvjv|

6| ˆZjKvi Ñ †Zj eëmvqx|

7| axei Ñ (†R‡j|) gvQ aiv †ckv hv‡ì|

8| †kŠwkK Ñ (ïuwo|)

9| bU Ñ hvÎv, w_‡qUv‡i Awfbq K‡i hviv |

10| kvevK Ñ (kvevi|)

11| †kLi Ñ gyKzU ev Uzcy‡ii KvwiMi|

12| RvwjK Ñ †R‡j ev waei|

Aag msKi t 9wU DceY©

1| gv‡j MÖnx Ñ cY¨ we‡µZv ÿz`ª gyw`|

2| KzWe Ñ AveR©bv †djvq hviv|

3| PvÛvj ÑAbAMÖmi RvwZ, Puvovj, wPZv‡Z KvR K‡i hviv|

4| eiæo Ñ (evDwo|)

5| ZÿK Ñ (ZÿYKvi|)

6| PgK©vi Ñhviv Pvgovi KvR K‡i|

7| LÆRxwe Ñ hviv Ni wbg©vY I Pvjv wbg©vY Kg©x|

8| †Wvjevnx Ñ (`y‡j|)

9| gjø Ñ (gv‡jv|)

eªvþ êiZ cyiv‡b Av‡Q Ñ AviI †kÖYx wefvRb| msk~`ª Amsk~`ª GB

eY©we‡f‡ì evovevwo GKw`‡K, Ab¨w`‡K ivRv D”P e‡Y©i †jvK‡ì Kvg

I †hŠbwejvm wQj LyeB nvZvkve¨ÄK| ivRv I D”PeYx©iv AmsL¨ †g‡q

we‡q KiZ| Ges gw›`‡i gw›`‡i †è`vmxi cÖPjb wQj cÖPzi| GBiƒc

jvMvgnxb mvgvwRK AvPv‡ii Kvi‡Y mgv‡R GK k~b¨Zvi m„wó nq|


wVK Ggwb mg‡q mßg kZ‡K Avie †`‡k nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)

(570632) Bmjvg a‡g©i cÖeZ©b K‡ib| GB ag©vej¤^x‡ì †gvnv‡gWvb,

gymwjg ev gymjgvb e‡j| G‡ì 5wU KZ©e¨| h_vµ‡g: Cgvb (wek¦vm),

bvgvh (cÖv_©bv), †ivhv (Dcevm), n¾ (ågY), hvKvZ (`vb)| nhiZ

gynv¤§` (m.) Gi RxweZKv‡j Bmjvg ag© Avie †`‡k cÖwZôv jvf K‡i|

a‡g©i AvPvi I bxwZ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡j †evSv hvq Bmjv‡g †Kvb †kÖYx

êlg¨ bvB| ev`kvn dwKi Kv‡a Kva wgwj‡q bvgv‡h ùvov‡Z cv‡i| Aci

w`‡K nhiZ †gvnv¤§` †gv¯Ídv (m.) Gi g„Zz¨ n‡j nhiZ Avey eKi (iv.)

nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) Gi ¯’jvwfwl³ nb| Avey eK‡ii ci nhiZ Igi,

Gi ci µgvš^‡q nhiZ Imgvb I nhiZ Avjx-i nv‡Z Bmjv‡gi `vwqZ¡

Av‡m| ejv evûj¨ nhiZ Ig‡ii nv‡Z ÿgZv Avm‡j gymwjg mv¤ªvR¨

cwð‡g wÎcjx I c~‡e© AvdMvwb¯Ívb ch©šÍ cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj| wKš‘ Aviexq

ewYK‡ì gva¨‡g ag© cÖmvwiZ n‡qwQj B‡›`v‡bwkqv, gvj‡qwkqv ch©šÍ|

ZvB Hme AÂ‡ji nvRxiv nR Ki‡Z †hZ Rvnv‡R mgy`ªcvwo w`‡q| Zviv

cÖvK…wZK Kvi‡b ev †fŠMwjK Kvi‡b wmÜz b`xi †gvnbvq cwðg fvi‡Z

†eªvP I †èj e›`‡i †cvZvkÖq wb‡j cwðg fvi‡Zi ZrKvjxb ivRv

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nvRvi UvKv| GBiæc µvwšÍKv‡j wn›`y gymwjg GK n‡q cÖwZev‡` †b‡g

¯îvR `vex Ki‡j †QvUjvU KjKvZvmn me eo kn‡i wZbgv‡mi Rb¨

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†_‡K hyeivR AvMgb Dcj‡ÿ niZvj eÜ ivL‡j miKvi Ab¨vqfv‡e

Kvive›`x‡ì gyw³ †`‡e GB cÖ¯Íve iv‡Lb eojv‡Ui `yZ g`b‡gvnb

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ej‡jb, Av‡M Avjx fvB‡ì gyw³w`‡Z n‡e, Zvici miKv‡ii mv‡_ êVK,


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Awa‡ekb e‡m| G‡Z †e½j †c± i_ Kivi

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cÖevm P›`ªwgÎ mn‡hvMx n‡jb|

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iv‡Lb| Zvnv nBj

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ivwL‡Z nB‡e|

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(4) †K›`ªxq AvBb mfvq gymjgvb‡ì‡K GK-Z…Zxqvsk Avmb w`‡Z nB‡e|

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Rb¨ Avm‡bi eë¯’v nB‡e|

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ejv evûj¨ wRbœvi w`jøx cÖ¯Íve wQj gymwjg ¯^v_© mswkøó Avi †b‡niæi cÖ¯Íve


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eis †b‡niæi w`‡K Suy‡K wQj| Avi A‡bK gymwjg †bZvivI †b‡niæ‡K

mg_©b w`‡q Dcgnv‡`kwU‡K wbi‡cÿ ivLvi cÖqvm cvw”Qj| Zv‡ì g‡a¨

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bv K‡i Z‡e Ks‡MÖm c~Y© ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ Av‡›`vjb Ki‡e| miKv‡ii AvBb

Agvb¨ Ki‡e| GB k‡Z© Ks‡MÖ‡mi †b‡niæ KwgwU kvmbZš¿ iPbv I MÖnY

Kij| ZvB 1929, 31†k wW‡m¤î ivZ 12:01 nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_

KjKvZv Ks‡MÖm Awa‡ek‡b cÖ¯ÍvweZ kvqZ¡ kvmb Aby‡gv`‡bi GK eQi

Kvj †kl nIqvq cwÛZ †b‡niæ wZbiOv fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZvi cZvKv

D‡Ëvjb Ki‡jb|

Aciw`‡K 1793 mv‡j wPi¯’vqx e‡›`ve‡¯Íi kZ© Abyhvqx Rwg`vi cÖRv‡ì

KvQ †_‡K 130 †KvwU UvKv Av`vq Ki‡j 30 †KvwU UvKv †`‡e miKvi‡K|

wKš‘ Zv bvK‡i Rwg`viiv 630 †KvwU UvKv Av`vq K‡i miKvi‡K w`Z 30

†KvwU UvKv| Gw`‡K gymwjg Mixe K…lK‡ì VwK‡q wn›`y Rwg`viiv

miKvi‡KI VKvZ| ZvB G‡K dRjyj n‡Ki K…lK cÖRv cvwU© MwVZ nq|

Bnv wQj 1936 mvj| wRbœv GKB eQi jÛb †_‡K e¨vwi÷vi n‡q Avm‡j

1937 mv‡j K…lK cÖRv cvwU© wbe©vPbx Kg©m~Px MÖnY K‡i| wbe©vP‡bi

djvdj hvB †nvK †QvUjvU K…lK cÖRv cvwU©i †bZv G‡K dRjyj nK‡K

gš¿xmfv MVb Kivi `vwqZ¡ †`b| ej‡Z nq ce©Z Mv‡Î ÿz`ª Rjaviv A‡bK

PovB DrivB †cwi‡q †hgb mvM‡i †g‡k Ewg© P‚ovq wg‡k wb‡Ri Rjkw³i

weKvk NUvq, wVK †Zgwb fvi‡Z BwZnv‡mi †kl mgy‡`ª G‡m cÖgvY †cjvg

gymjgvb †bZviv †gav I cvwÛ‡Zï †ÿ‡Î wb‡R‡ì †K `~e©j fveZ e‡j

cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¥ n‡qwQj| Zv‡ì fvebvUv A‡bKUv mZÏ e‡U| evsjv‡`k

ZLb gymjgvb msL¨vMwiô| Kv‡RB ALÛ fvi‡Zi g‡a¨ _vK‡jI Zv‡ì

fq cvevi †Kvb Kvib wQjbv| wKš‘ gymjgvb †bZviv memgq GB fq

KiZ †h, me©fviZxq msL¨vMwiôZvi my‡hvM wb‡q wn›`y †bZviv


gymjgvb‡ì cÖvc¨ AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| GBRb¨B Zviv

evievi cÖv‡`wkK ¯^vqZ¡ kvm‡bi `vex KiZ Ges †K‡›`ªi nv‡Z AwaK

ÿgZv †Ìqvi cÿcvwZ wQjbv| Zv‡ZI wbwðZ bv n‡Z †c‡i Zviv

gymwjg msL¨vMwiô AÂj wb‡q c„_K mve©‡fŠg iv‡óªi K_v ejZ| ZvB

evOvjx gymjgvb †bZv‡ì Kv‡Q cvwK¯Ívb RbwcÖq n‡qwQj| GRb¨ †h,

cvwK¯Ívb ALÛ evsjvq Zv‡ì cÖvavb¨ mywbwðZ Ki‡e| ZvQvov dRjyj

nK‡K w`‡q cvwK¯Ívb cÖ¯Íve DÌvcb Kivi g‡a¨ wRbœvi GKUv PvjI wQj|

dRjyj nK wQ‡jb fvi‡Zi gymwjg msL¨vMwiô cÖ‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x|

ZviØviv DÌvwcZ n‡j †m ¸iæZ¡ cvq| Zv Ab¨ †KD Ki‡j †cZ bv| Zvi

Dci cieZxK©v‡j evsjvi †bZviv hv‡Z †emy‡iv bv Mvq ZviRb¨ dRjyj

nK wQj h_vDchy³ e¨w³Z¡|

1939 mv‡j 3iv †m‡Þ¤i^ 2q wek¦hy× ïiæ nq| 1944 mv‡j hy×

PjvKvjxb mg‡q fviZ AkvšÍ †`k fvMvfvwM wb‡q fvi‡Zi †bZviv KzU

ZK© K‡i Pj‡Qb| ZLb evsjvq fqven `ywf©ÿ †`Lv †`q| hvi bvg BwZnvm

cÖwm× 50-Gi gš^šÍi| GB `ywf©‡ÿi cÖwZ hviv D`vmxb wQj Zviv bvwK

MYcÖwZwbwa| hviv gvby‡li `yt‡L e¨w_Z bv, Zviv †h cvwK¯Ívb-fviZ

cÖwZwôZ Ki‡e †m †`k w`‡q gvbe Kj¨vY GK AmviZv gvÎ| hvB †nvK

Zv‡ì gva¨‡g G‡`k ¯^vaxb nj| wek¦hy× †kl nevi wZb eQi ci| wn›`y

cÖavb GjvKv wb‡q fviZ I gymwjk cÖavb GjvKv wb‡q cvwK¯Ívb| gymjgvb

m¤úª`v‡qi AwaKvsk †bZviv †P‡qwQj wkÿv `xÿvq Ges †ckvMZ

†hvM¨Zvq GwM‡q _vKv wn›`y‡ì cÖwZ‡hvwMZv †_‡K wbivc` _vKv| GKB

fv‡e wn›`y †bZvivI Ggb GKUv eë¯’v †P‡qwQj gymjgvb‡ì cÖvavb¨

†_‡K gy³| Z‡e Dfq cÿ hvnv cÖZ¨vkv KiwQj Zvnv Zviv KZUzKz †c‡q‡Q

Zv BwZnv‡mi cvZvq Aw¼Z| †`Lyb GB wbg©g wPÎ AvPo|

wØRvwZ ZË¡ †K nvwZqvo K‡i wRbœv cvwK¯Ívb Av`vq K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘

AbwZwej‡¤^ wØRvwZ Z‡Ë¡i aviYv wQj fzj cÖgvYxZ nj| Avi GB åvšÍ

aviYv cÖgv‡Yi Rb¨ wRbœv wb‡RB h‡_ó| cvwK¯Ívb R‡b¥i ci 1948 mv‡j

KivPx‡Z cÖ_g MY cwil‡ì mvg‡b Zvi cÖ_g e³…Zvq wRbœv ej‡jb

Avcbviv ¯^vaxb, G cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óª Avcbv‡ì B”QvgZ gw›ì gmwR` †h

†Kvb Dcvmbvj‡q hvIqvi AwaKvi Avcbv‡ì Av‡Q| Avcbv‡ì ag© RvwZ

I m¤úª`vq hvB †nvK, Zvi mv‡_ gyjbxwZi †Kvb m¤úK© bvB| Avgiv GKB


iv‡óªi Awaevmx| Avgvi g‡Z GB bxwZ‡K Avgv‡ì Av`k©iƒ‡c m`v

RvMiæK ivLv KZ©e¨| Zvn‡j Avcbviv †`L‡eb †h Kvjµ‡g wn›`yiv Avi

wn›`y gymjgbiv Avi gymjgvb _vK‡e bv| Ñ ag©wek¦v‡mi w`K †_‡K bq,

Kvib †mUv nj cÖ‡Z¨K gvby‡li e¨w³MZ wek¦v‡mi cÖkœ G nj iv‡óªi

bvMwiK wn‡m‡e AwaKvi|

wØZxqevi wØRvwZ ZË ¡åvšÍ cÖgvYxZ nj cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K evsjv‡`k R‡b¥i

gva¨‡g| cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZwôZ n‡j c~e© evsjvi gvbyl Rwg`vi-gnvRb-

Avgjvi nvZ †_‡K †invB †c‡qwQj| wKš‘ †m ¯’vb `Lj K‡iwQj cwðg

cvwK¯Ívbx kvmK m¤úª`vq| Zviv cvwK¯Ív‡bi mv‡_ mgfv‡e c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi

DbœwZi †Póv bvK‡i c~e© evsjv‡K Zv‡ì Kv‡qgx mv‡_©i Dcwb‡ek evbv‡Z

†P‡qwQj| 1947 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb ¯^vaxb nIqvi ci cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi `æªZ

DbœwZ Ges c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi A‡cÿvK…Z cðv`c`Zvi A‡bK Kvib Av‡Q|

†hgbÑ cvwK¯Ív‡bi mvgwiK evwnbx‡Z c~e cvwK¯Ív‡bi †Kvb D‡jøL‡hvM¨

Ask bv _vKv| cvwK¯Ív‡bi Avgjv †Mvôx‡Z cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi wecyj

msL¨vMwiôZv| fviZ †_‡K eëmvqx I wkí D‡`¨v³v‡ì cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b

¯’vbvšÍwiZ Kiv| cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivRavbx KivPx I ivIqvjwcwÛ‡Z ¯’vbvšÍwiZ

Kiv| cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi kni¸wj‡K D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡i Avbv| eëmvwqK

jvB‡mÝ ê‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©‡bi my‡hvM cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi GK‡PwUqv K‡i

ivLv|

1947 mvj †_‡K G fvimvg¨nxbZv w`‡q cvwK¯Ív‡bi BwZnvm ïiæ nq|

wKš‘ cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvmK †Mvôx GB fvimvg¨‡K mgvšÍivj Kivi †Póv

bv K‡i cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi w`‡K †SvK w`‡qwQ‡jb| ZvB cvwK¯Ívb R‡b¥i

15 eQi ci c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivR¯^ NvUwZ 60 †KvwU UvKv, A_P cwðg

cvwK¯Ív‡bi DØ„Ë 38 †KvwU UvKv| GiRb¨ `vqx wQj †K›`xªq miKv‡ii

êlg¨gyjK bxwZ I A_©‰bwZK cwiKíbv| †hgb K…wl, wPwKrmv, weÁvb

I wkí M‡elYvi 16 †K‡›`ªi 13 cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b, Avi 3wU gvÎ c~e©

cvwK¯Ív‡b| D”P wkÿv I cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ Kj¤ ^ cø¨vb, †dvW© dvD‡Ûkb,

KgbI‡qj_ GBW BZ¨vw` my‡hvM myweav †cZ cwðg cvwK¯Ívbxiv| c~e©

cvwK¯Ívb k~b¨| †emvgwiK, mvgwiK I Ab¨vb¨ Kg©‡ÿ‡Î wKsev PvKzwi

†ÿ‡Î êlg¨ wQj e¨vcK| †hgb:

wewfbœ LvZ cwðg cvwK¯Ívb c~e© cvwK¯Ívb


†K›`xªq †emiKvwi LvZ 84% 16%

ê‡`wkK `ßi 85% 15%

¯’j evwnbx 95% 5%

†bŠevwnbx (KvwiMix) 81% 19%

†bŠevwnbx (AKvwiMix) 91% 9%

wegvb evwnbx êgvwbK 89% 11%

mk¯¿ evwnbx (msL¨vq) 5 jÿ 20 nvRvi

cvwK¯Ívb GqvijvBb&m 7000 280

mgvRKj¨v‡Yi †ÿ‡Î c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ae¯’v AviI bvRyK :

wewfbœ LvZ cwðg cvwK¯Ívb c~e© cvwK¯Ívb

RbmsL¨v 5 †KvwU 50 jÿ 7 †KvwU 50 jÿ

Wv³v‡ii msL¨v 12000 7600

nvmcvZvj †eW 16000 6000

cjøx ¯^v¯’¨‡K›`ª 325 88

kni mgvR Dbœqb †K›`ª 81 52

GQvov KY©d‚jx †ccvi wgj‡mi KvMR c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b w`¯Ív wewµ nZ 10

Avbv, Avi cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b wewµ nZ 6 Avbv| Kvib GB †ccvi wg‡ji

gvwjK wQj `vD` BmgvBj, Zvi †K›`xªq Awdm wQj KivPx, evmfebI

wQj KivPx| ZvB KvMR wWw÷ªweDkb nZ KivPx †_‡K| A_P GB KvM‡Ri

KvPvgvj euvk msMÖn nZ c~e© cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K| Drcv`b kwgKI c~e©

cvwK¯Ív‡bi| Gici mvgvwRK wWmwµwg‡bkb wQj Avi nvZvkve¨ÄK|

60Ñ61 mv‡ji w`‡Ki K_v, c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi †Kvb GK hyeK GK wenvix

wiwdDwR †g‡qi †cÖ‡g c‡i| †g‡qwU wcZ…M„n †Q‡o ¯^vgx M„‡n P‡j †M‡j

we‡qi cÖ¯‘wZ †bqv nq| †g‡qwUi wcZv †g‡q I †Q‡j `yRb‡K a‡i †Kv‡U©

IVvq| †g‡qwU cÖgvY K‡i †m eq‡m 18 eQ‡ii D‡a©| ZviciI


Zvi wcZv cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii mn‡hvwMZv wb‡q †g‡qwU‡K cvwK¯Ív‡b mwi‡q

†d‡j| Avi †Q‡jwU‡K KvivMv‡i †i‡L mvRv †`q| GB welq wb‡q †MvUv

†`k Ry‡o Av‡jvob m„wó n‡q‡Q|

D`y© fvlvfvlx cvwK¯Ívbxiv evsjv fvlvfvlx gyjgvb‡ì 2q †kÖwYi gymjgvb

g‡b KiZ| ZvB Zviv c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi mv‡_ †g‡q w`‡q m¤úK© Ki‡Z B”Qv

cÖKvk KiZ bv| A_©vr cwðg cvwK¯Ívbxiv Avgv‡ì mv‡_ nvZ wgwj‡q

gymwjg åvZ…Z¡‡ev‡ai K_v e‡j cvwK¯Ívb ¯^vaxb K‡iwQj wVKB| wKš‘

Avgv‡ì‡K g‡bcÖv‡Y MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i bvB| Zviv eivei wb‡R‡K

wb‡R‡ì g‡b KiZ Zviv Kzjxb, Avi Avgiv k~`ª, Avgiv A”Qzr| A_P c~e©

cvwK¯Ív‡bi m¤ú` w`‡q Zviv Kzjxb| ejvevûj¨ cwðg cvwK¯Ívbx kvmK

†Mvôx †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Ges Avw_©K bxwZ¸‡jv Ggbfv‡e iPbv KiZ hv‡Z

c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi m¤ú` w`‡q cwðg cvwK¯Ívb‡K wkíbœZ Kiv hvq| GK

cwimsL¨v‡bi wnmve g‡Z 194869 Lªx÷vã ch©šÍ c~e© cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K

m¤ú` cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b cvPvi Kiv nq, Zvi cwigvb 2100 wgwjqb gvwK©b

Wjvi| †gvUK_v c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K mycwiKwíZ fv‡e cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi

GKwU K‡jvbx ev Dcwb‡e‡k cwibZ Kiv n‡qwQj| fvlvi †ÿ‡Î miKvwi

bxwZ wQj AviI nvZvkve¨ÄK Ges cÖ‡ivPbvg~jK| mgMÖ cvwK¯Ív‡b evsjv

wQj msL¨vMwiô RbM‡Yi fvlv, kZKiv 56 R‡bi fvlv| D`©y †Kvb

GjvKvi fvlv wQj bv| ZeyI mgMÖ cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ D`y©‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi

cÖ¯Íve M„wnZ nq| 1948 mv‡j 21†k gvP© XvKvi †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b

(eZ©gvb †mvnivIqv`x ©D`¨vb) GK Rbmfvq wRbœv †NvlYv K‡ibÑ

ÒD` y©Ges D`yB© n‡e cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv|Ó

1950 Gi †m‡Þ¤^‡i cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖavbgš¿x wjqvKZ Avjx Luv MYcwil‡`

Avevi e‡jb, ÒD` y© D`©yB n‡e cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv|Ó BwZg‡a¨

cvwK¯Ív‡bi Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij wRbœvi g„Zz¨ n‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi gyL¨ gš¿x

D`©yfvlx bvwRgDwÏb Mf©bi †Rbv‡ij nb| 1951 mv‡ji 15B A‡±vei

cÖavbgš¿x wjqvKZ Avjx wbnZ n‡j bvwRg DwÏb cÖavbgš¿x wbhy³ nb|

cÖavbgš¿x n‡q 1952 Gi 30†k Rvbyqvwi bvwRg DwÏb †NvlYv Ki‡jb,

ÒD`©yB n‡e cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv|Ó cwðg cvwK¯Ívbx kvmK †Mvôxi GB

Ab¨vq cÖ¯Íve c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi gvbyl †g‡b †bqwb| Zvi Av‡M 1947 mv‡j

14B AvM÷ cvwK¯Ívb ¯^vaxb nIqvi KÕw`‡bi g‡a¨B MwVZ n‡qwQj


MYZvwš¿K hyejxM| Avi 1948-G G‡m evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi Rb¨

XvKvq ivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil` MwVZ nq| GB msMÖvg cwil‡ì `vex `yÕwU|

(1) evsjv n‡e c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b evsjv wkÿvi evnb Ges Awdm Av`vj‡Zi

fvlv n‡e evsjv| (2) cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóª fvlv `yÕwU evsjv I D`|y©

1948 Gi 23†k †deæªqvwi cvwK¯Ívb MYcwil‡ì cÖ_g Awa‡ek‡b D`y© I

Bs‡iwRi cvkvcvwk evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi cÖ¯Íve ivL‡j cÖavbgš¿x

wjqvKZ Avjxmn gymjxg jx‡Mi m`mïv Pig we‡ivwaZv K‡i| GB

cÖ¯Ív‡ei wec‡ÿ cÖPzi mgv‡jvPbv K‡i| XvKvq GB msev` †cŠQ‡j wkÿK

I eyw×Rxwe gn‡j Zxeª `vn ïiæ nq| GB Am‡šÍvl cÖKv‡k c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b

26†k †deæªqvwi ag©NU cvwjZ nq| 2iv gvP© XvKvq me©`jxq ivóªfvlv

msMÖvg cwil` MwVZ nq| 11B gvP© GB msMÖvg cwil‡ì Wv‡K Avevi

ag©NU cvwjZ nq| ZvB ZrKvjxb gyL¨gš¿x LvRv bvwRg DwÏb Av‡›`vjb

Kvix‡ì mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvq em‡Z eva¨ nq| wKš‘ mgm¨vi mgvavb nqwb|

1952 mv‡j GB Av‡›`vjb‡K AviI †eMevb Kivi j‡ÿ¨ MwVZ nq

me©`jxq ivóªfvlv Kg©cwil`| Kg©cwil‡ì Wv‡K 11B †deæªqvwi cÖ¯‘wZ

wèm I 21†k †deæªqvwi cvwjZ nq ivóªfvlv wèm| mgMÖ †`‡k niZvj

P‡j †kvfvhvÎv †ei nq| miKvi `gbbxwZi AvkÖq †bq| gyL¨gš¿x byiæj

Avwg‡bi wb‡`©‡k wgwQ‡j ¸wj K‡i cywjk| wbnZ nq iwdK, kwdK,

RveŸvi, eiKZ, mvjvg| RbZv ¯^Ztùz‡Z© wbnZ knx`‡ì ¯§i‡Y knx`

wgbvi ˆZix K‡ib| c‡iiw`b ag©NU cvwjZ nq| miKvi †`‡L GB

Av‡›`vjb w`b w`b cÖej †_‡K cÖejZi n‡q DV‡Q| ZvB evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv

Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| GB Av‡›`vjb cvwK¯Ívb RvZxqZvev‡ì weiæ‡× evOvjx

RvZxqZvev‡ì cÖgvY iv‡L| GB fvlv Av‡›`vjb‡K cwðg cvwK¯Ívbx

kvmKiv eyS‡Z cv‡i evOvjxi ms¯‹…wZ I fvlv A`wgZ| myZivs GB

RvwZ‡K A_©‰bwZK c‡_ `wg‡q ivL‡Z n‡e|

Zvici cwðg cwK¯Ívbx kvmKeM© ïiæ Kij fvimvg¨nxb AvZ©mvgvwRK

cwiKíbvi ev¯Íevqb| c~e© evsjv‡K evbvj Dcwb‡e‡ki De©i f‚wg| A_©vr

GKwU Mvfxi gyL c~e©e‡½ cðvZfvM cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b| ZvB cwðg

cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖvavb¨ kvmK‡ìB mycwiKíbv eyS‡Z †c‡i c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi

†bZ…eM© MVb Kij hy³d«›U| 1954 Gi gvP©-G c~e© evsjvi eq¯‹

†fvUvi‡ì wfwË‡Z mvavib wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| ZLb hy³d«‡›Ui


kw³kvjx `j¸wj wQj h_vµ‡g AvIqvgxjxM, K„lKkÖwgK cvwU©, †bRv‡g

Bmjvg I MYZvwš¿K `j BZ¨vw`| ejv cÖ‡qvRb 1949 mv‡j †mvnivIqv`x

©I gvIjvbv Avãyj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbxi †Póvq ¯’vwcZ nq AvIqvgx gymwjg

jxM| c‡i GB gymwjg kãwU ev` w`‡q nq AvIqvgxjxM| Avi dRjyj

n‡Ki cÖ‡Póvq MwVZ nq K…lK kÖwgK cvwU©| Avi GB `j¸wj hy³d«‡›Ui

`vex wQj c~e© evsjv Z_v c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ c~Y© kvqZ¡kvmb| evsjv‡K

ivóªfvlv Kiv| me©‡gvU 21 `dvi `vex| GB `vexi wfwË‡Z wbe©vP‡b

AskMÖnY K‡i hy³d«›U wecyj †fv‡U Rqjvf K‡i| wbe©vP‡b ÿgZvmxb

gymwjg jxM

309wU Avm‡b ïay 9wU Avmb wb‡q †kvPbxqfv‡e civwRZ nq| hy³d«›U

dRjyj n‡Ki †bZ…‡Z¡ gš¿xmfv MVb K‡i| wKš‘ `yÕgvm AwZevwnZ bv n‡ZB

ˆmivPvix Mf©bi †Rbv‡ij †Mvjvg †gvnv¤§` (195155) c~e© evsjvq

Mf©b‡ii kvmb Rvix K‡ib| cÖwZiÿv mwPe †gRi †Rbv‡ij B¯‹v›ì

wgR©v‡K c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Mfb©i K‡i cvVv‡bv nq| wZwb c~e© evsjvi

†bZv‡ì cvBKvix nv‡i e›`x K‡ib| 1955 Gi 14B A‡±vei Mfb©i

†Rbv‡ij mve©‡fŠg MYcwil` †f‡½ w`‡q †`‡k Riæix Ae¯’v Rvix K‡ib|

wKš‘ mywcÖg †KvU© bZzb MYcwil` Kivi iæwjs †`q| 1955 Gi 7B RyjvB

wØZxq MYcwil‡ì Awa‡ekb e‡m| †PŠayix †gvnv¤§` Avjxi †bZ…‡Z¡

hy³d«›U Ges gymwjgjxM wgwjZfv‡e †K›`xªq miKvi MVb K‡i| 11B

AvM÷ 1955

†Mvjvg †gvnv¤§` Amȳ ’Zvi ARynv‡Z c`Z¨vM Ki‡j †gRi †Rbv‡ij

B¯‹v›ì wgR©v Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij wbhy³ nb| MYcwil` cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvmbZš¿

iPbv †kl K‡i| 1956 Gi 29†k †deæªqvwi Zv M„wnZ nq, 23†k gvP© Zv

Kh©Ki nq| GB kvmbZ‡š¿ cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi GjvKv¸wj‡K G‡KK cÖ‡`k

cwibZ Kiv nq| c~e© evsjv‡K AbyôvwbK fv‡e c~e© cvwK¯Ívb †NvlYv Kivi

cÖ¯Íve M„wnZ nq| mvgwiK evwnbxi mg_©‡b B¯‹v›ì wgR©v‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi

cÖ_g †cÖwm‡W›U wbhy³ Kiv nq| cÖ_g †_‡KB wgR©vi MYZ‡š¿i cÖwZ †Kvb

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wgR©vi msNvZ m„wó nq| myZivs wgR©vi n¯Í‡ÿ‡c †gvnv¤§` Avjxi

†bZ…Ëv¡axb d«›UÑjxM miKv‡ii cZb nq 7B †m‡Þ¤i^ 1956 †Z|


AvIqvgxjx‡Mi cÖavb †mvnivIqv`x © cÖavbgš¿x wbhy³ nb 8B A‡±vei

1956 (wgqv` 19561958)| BwZg‡a¨ 1956 Gi gv‡P© G‡K dRjyj

nK c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Mfb©i wbhy³ nb| c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b Nb Nb miKvi e`j

nq| 1956 8B A‡±vei XvKvq cvwK¯Ív‡bi RvwZq cwil‡ì cÖ_g êVK

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c`Z¨vM K‡ib| Gic ¯^í mg‡qi Rb¨ BmgvBj Beªvwng Py›`xªMo

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Lv‡bi weiæ‡× `vo Kiv‡j AvBqye Lvb `ybx©wZ I cÖkvmb †K eënvi K‡i

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Avmvgx K‡i AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv ïiæ K‡i| Zv‡Z AvBqye Lv‡bi

weiæ‡× Av‡›`vjb AviI ZxeªZi nq| 1969 mv‡j XvKvi AwaKvsk †bZviv

MYZvwš¿K msMÖvg cwil` MVb K‡i| QvÎiv MVb K‡i me©`jxq QvÎ msMÖvg

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