Austral to Independent Bangla

AvKv eveyj
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 1

AvKv eveyj
cÖKvkKvj
Agi GKz‡k MÖš’‡gjv 2020
cÖKvkK
m. g. Bd‡ZLvi gvngỳ
cÖKvkbvq
†MŠie cÖKvkb
38 evsjvevRvi, XvKv-1100, †dvb: 02-58050665
†gvevBj: 01719 843106, 01824 600 559
MÖš’¯^Z¡
†jLK KZ…©K msiwÿZ
cÖ”Q` wWRvBb
gymvwdi
A½m¾v I iƒcvqY
Avi †K iæ‡ej
gỳ ª‡Y
Qvcvi nvU
2bs b›`jvj `Ë †jb, j²xevRvi, XvKv-1100
g~j¨: 150/- (GKkZ cÂvk UvKv gvÎ)
Austral theke Bongobondhu O Bangali
By – Aka Babul
Published by – Gourob Prokashon
e-mail : gourobprokashon@gmail.com
website : www. gourobprokashon.com
Price: Tk 150.00 Only, US$ - 10
ISBN : 978-984-8175-34-7
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 2

DrmM©
....................................................
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 3

A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 4

f‚wgKv
evRv‡i nvRvi nvRvi evsjv I evOvjxi BwZnvm, b„ZËw¡fwËK cȳ ÍK cvIqv
hvq| †m¸‡jvi GKwU wb‡q co‡Z †M‡j nq mßvn bvnq GKgvm mgq
†b‡e| GZ DbœZ cÖ‡KŠk‡ji hy‡M GZ ˆah©¨ KviI bvB GBfv‡e eKZvcm
n‡q BwZnvm Rvb‡e|
Zvi Ic‡i Av‡Q byZb cÖR‡b¥i K_v| Zviv Kw¤úDUvi, B›Uvi‡bU, †dmeyK
†_‡K gv_v Nywi‡q GKwU PKP‡K gjv‡Ui eB †`L‡j nv‡Z †bq| Zv‡Z fzj
g‡b nIqv †Kvb Z_¨ †c‡j Avi G‡Mvq bv| Kvib Avgv‡`i evsjvq
†jL‡Ki, BwZnvmwe‡`i Afve bvB| GKz‡ki eB‡gjvq Zvi cÖPzi cÖgvY
†g‡j| Zv‡`i †jLvi g‡a¨ †jL‡Ki cwiPq cvIqv hvq| hw` †jLK
weGbwc mg_©K nq Zvn‡j †m cvwK¯Ív‡bi †`vl nvjKv Kivi †Póv Ki‡e,
Avi hw` AvIqvgxcš’x nq Zvn‡j fviZ‡K nvBjvBU Kivi cÖqvm cv‡eB|
ZvB Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxb evsjvi bZzb cÖRb¥iv weåvšÍ nq| Kvib Avgiv gv‡qi
†Kv‡j e‡m ev‡ci wePvi Kiv wkwLwb| bxwZ‡Z Avgiv AUj _vK‡Z cvwi
bv| Avgiv Pviw`‡K Rj‡ewóZ gvZ…f‚wgi mšÍvb| Avi R‡ji is I ˆ`N©
cÖ¯’ cvÎvbyiæc nq| †Zgwb AvgivI `jcv‡Îi cÖfv‡e cÖfvweZ| cÖvPxb
evsjvi agxq© Ae‡M©i Kvib Gi †Ri Uvb‡Z Uvb‡Z cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¥| Avi
GB cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K gyw³hy‡×i gva¨‡g evsjv‡`k †Kb, Zvi cieZx ©mg‡q
N‡U hvIqv mswÿß KoPv Gi cÖ‡Póv Ges Zvi dwjZ iæcB nj GB †QvÆ
cyw¯ÍKvi Av‡qvRb|
G‡Z fzjÎæwUi `vqfvi Avgvi| Avwg GB ÿz`ª cÖqv‡m nvZ †`qvi
Aby‡cÖiYv †c‡qwQ euvkLvjx Dc‡Rjvi wbe©vnx Awdmvi Rbve KvRx
†gvnv¤§` Pv‡nj Z¯Íixi Kv‡Q| eZ©gvb †m wmwbqi †WcywU †m‡µUvix
wn‡m‡e `vwq‡Z¡iZ Av‡Qb| Dbv‡K Avgvi AvšÍwiK ab¨ev`|
webxZ Ñ Avãyj Kv‡`i †PŠayix (AvKv eveyj)
Ñ Avãyj Kv‡`i †PŠayix (AvKv eveyj)
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 5

A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 6

A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz
Avgiv evOvjx| b„ZvwËK wePv‡i Avgv‡`i RvZxq i‡³i cÖ_g aviv A÷ªvj|
Avgv‡`i ZLb fvlv wQj Aw÷ªK fvlv| GLb †mB Aw÷ªK fvlvi 60 †_‡K
80 fvM e¨envi K‡i †Kvj I gyÛviv| Avgv‡`i GB A÷ªvwjq mvgvwRK
mgq wQj AvR †_‡K 30 nvRvi eQi c~‡e©| AvbygvwbK `yB nvRvi eQi
GB A÷ªvwjq mvgvwRK Ae¯’v cÖPwjZ wQj| Zvici AvbygvwbK 27-28
nvRvi eQi c~‡e© `ªvweo‡`i mv‡_ wgkÖ‡Yi d‡j Avgv‡`i wKQz fvlvi g‡a¨
Aw÷ªK kã wejyß n‡q `ªvweo kã †hvM`vb K‡i| †hgb AvR‡K evsjv
fvlvi g‡a¨ A‡bK Bs‡iwR, Aviwe, wn›`x kã ¯’vb K‡i wb‡”Q| Avgv‡`i
msL¨v Mwiô AwkwÿZ mvavib gvbyl, †hgb- wi·vIqvjviv BDwbfvwmw©U
ey‡S, wek¦we`¨vjq ey‡S bv| Avgv‡`i fvlv cÖ‡qv‡M dvm©x Lyb-Lvivex Av‡Q
wKš‘ i³-Lvivex bvB| Avgv‡`i wn›`x fvlvi cvwb Av‡Q, evsjv fvlvi Rj
cÖvq wejyß nevi c‡_| wVK †mBfv‡e Aw÷ªK fvlvi g‡a¨ `ªvweo fvlvi
cÖ‡ek| †hgb- Aw÷ªK Kzwo, Avi `ªvweo wek| GKB †mªvZavivq Aw÷ªK
k㸇jv h_vµ‡g Kov, MÐv, cb, ev`yi, Rvs, V¨v½, †VvU, cvMj, evwm,
QuvP, Kwj, †RvU, †cU, KivZ, `v, Mo, eiR, jvD, †jey, Kjv, KvgivOv,
Wzgyi, M½v, e½, †XwK, †gvUv, wkqvj`n, wSbvB`n, GgbwK ZzZz K‡i KzKzi
WvKv Ges ˆP ˆP K‡i nvm WvKv Aw÷ªK fvlv c×wZ| ejv evûj¨
AhcvovMv -Gi Ah kãwU I Aw÷ªK|
GB Aw÷ªK k‡ãi gZ `ªvweo kã G‡m fvlvi De©iZv evwo‡q w`‡qwQj|
Zv h_vµ‡g ÔovÕ, RvqMvi bv‡gi DcvšÍ (nvIov, e¸ov, evKzov) ¸wo,
(wkwj¸wo, RjcvB¸wo) wfUv, KzÛ (mxZvKzÛ, evoeKzÛ, gvaeKzÛ)
BZ¨vw`| cvkvcvwk w`jxc, `ki_ I `ªvweo kã| evsjvfvlvq wjwcc×wZ
eªvþx wjwci iæcvšÍi| A_©vr †fvUegx ©†hgb- wZ¯Ív, e¯Ív, iv¯Ív BZ¨vw`|
cÖ‡j‡c cÖ‡jwcZ Gi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q AvjwcI, ˆew`K cÖfve| AviI hy³
nq bvwWK© kã| Zvici evsjv K_¨ I †jL¨ fvlv †ek cÖwZwôZ n‡j hy³
nq cZz©MxR I Aviex fvlv| me©mvKz‡j¨ Avgiv evOvjx Rv‡Z †hgb msKi
fvlvqI †Zgb msKi| ey‡ov PwÛ`v‡mi kÖxK…ò KxZ©b evsjv
Aÿ‡i wjwLZ cÖ_g mvwnZ¨ KxwZ©| Ph©vc‡`i fvlv evsjv n‡jI †bIqvix
Aÿ‡i wjwLZ| AviI D‡jøL‡hvM¨ mgvPvi †`‡ei KzUvjxcvov Zvgª kvm‡b
evsjv eY©gvjvi cÖ_g wb`k©b cvIqv hvq| `kg kZ‡K GB evsjv eY©gvjvi
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 7

mv‡_ cwðg fvi‡Zi eY©gvjv cÖfvweZ nq| gnxcv‡ji ivRZ¡Kv‡j GB
cÖfve `yi nq| gnxcv‡ji evbMo wjwc‡Z e¨eüZ A, D, K, L, M, N, b,
g, j Ges ÿ A‡bKUv evsjv Aÿ‡ii iƒc aviY K‡i‡Q| 12 kZ‡Ki weRq
†m‡bi †`Icvov cÖkw¯Í‡Z †h eY©gvjv e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q Zvi 22wU Aÿi
evsjv Aÿ‡ii gZ| 13 kZ‡K evsjv eY©gvjv m¤ú~Y© iæcjvf K‡i‡Q| 19
kZ‡K gy`ªv hš¿ cÖPj‡Yi d‡j evsjv Aÿi¸wj mywbw`ó© iƒc †c‡q‡Q| a‡g©i
†ÿ‡ÎI ZvB| wKš‘ a‡g©i AZxZ KwZcq gvby‡li Kv‡Q wejyß n‡jI Avevi
KwZcq gvbyl cyivZb ag© AvPvi Qv‡owb| †hgb A÷ªvj‡`i ag© wek¦vm
wQjÑ †Kn gviv †M‡j Zvi AvZ¥v †Kvb MvQ ev cv_i ev cvnv‡oi mv‡_ ev
†Kvb RxeRš‘‡K AvkÖq K‡i †eu‡P _v‡K| ZvB Zviv g„Z‡`n Kvc‡o ev
Mv‡Qi Qv‡j Rwo‡q Mv‡Qi mv‡_ †eu‡a ivLZ| gv‡S gv‡S †mLv‡b LveviI
†i‡L AvmZ| 21, 23, 25 w`b ci Zv‡K Kei w`Z| cyiæ‡li Ke‡i GKwU
cv_i j¤^v K‡i cy‡Z w`Z| gwnjv‡`i Ke‡ii Dci P¨vÞv cv_i ïB‡q
w`Z|
`ªvweoiv G‡m GB ag©wek¦v‡mi ms¯‹vi mvab K‡i| Zviv hyMag© I mvab
c×wZ cÖPjb NUvq| Zviv gywZ©cyRv, gw›`i wbg©vY, cïejx, hvMhÁ,
wkek¤¢y, †`e †`eZvq wek¦vmx wQj| Giv g„Z‡`n mivmwi Kei w`Z| GB
wek¦v‡m A‡b‡K GwM‡q Avmj| A‡bK A÷ªv‡ji ag© wek¦vm `ªvweoxq n‡q
hvIqv‡Z Giv ˆeevwnK e܇b GK n‡q GKB mvgvwRK AvPv‡i cÖevwfZ
nj| A÷ªvj‡`i bvK wQj P¨vÞv, iO Kvj, Pzj †KvKovb| GB A÷ªvj
`ªvweo ˆeevwnK my‡Î Ave× nIqv‡Z byZb cÖR‡b¥i bvK GKUz Lvov n‡jv,
Pzj GKUy †mvRv nj, iO GKUz ev`vgx nj|
Avmj AvíxqAvh© I f‚ga¨mvMixq bvwWK©iv| A÷ªvj `ªvweo‡`i wgjb
†ÿ‡Î Avh©bvwW©K mshy³ n‡j fviZevmxi Avi GK avc cwieZ©b Avmj|
bvK AviI Lvov, Pzj AviI †mvRv, iO AviI dm©v nj| mv‡_ mv‡_ a‡g©iI
cwieZ©b Avmj| Giv bvwWK©‡`i hvMhÄ I AvPvi Abyôvb‡K mybR‡i
†`LZ bv| Giv g„Z‡`n cywo‡q Kei w`Z| Lªxóc~e© 6ô kZ‡Ki w`‡K
evsjvq ˆRb AvRxweK I †eŠ× ag© we¯Ívi jvf Ki‡Z _v‡K| H mgq
gnvexi ea©gvb ivp ag© cÖPvi Ki‡Z G‡m j¤^v euv‡ki jvwV nv‡Z AvRxweK
wfÿz‡`i †`‡LwQj| GKB mgq bvwK †eŠ×‡`e I evsjvq G‡mwQ‡jb|
bvwW©K‡`i ˆew`K I Avh©‡`i †`e Dcvmbvi cÖfv‡e evsjv cÖfvweZ nq
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 8

¸ßhy‡M| GB †_‡K ïiæ nq eY©kÖgev`| evsjvq ag© bZzb iƒc †bq|
G‡ZK‡i Ab¨vb¨ a‡g©i a¨vb aviYv¸wj wcQz nU‡Z _v‡K| Avi eªvþY¨ ag©
GwM‡q G‡m RvqMv `Lj K‡i Rqx nq| ïiæ nq aŸRv cyRv, i_hvÎv, eªZ
Drme, ag© VvKzi, PoKcyRv, †nvjx, Av¤^yevPx, gbmv cyRv, R½jx †`ex,
cY©ke©ix †`ex, mvi`Drme, NU jÿxcyRv, lôxcyRv, MvQ cyRv, c~Y¨cyKzi,
Rb¥všÍiev`, ci‡jvK wek¦vm, wcÛ`vb, kÖv×Kvh©, †cÖZZË,¡ wj½cyRv cÖf…wZ
eªvþb¨ a‡g© cÖ‡ek K‡i| GBme Abym½ wb‡q ¸ßhy‡M Lªxwóq 5g 6ô kZ‡K
eªvþY¨ ag© evsjvq cÖvavb¨ we¯Ívi K‡i| ZvB gnvexi ivX ag© cÖPv‡i G‡j
Zv‡K MÖnY bvK‡i eis Zv‡K KzKzi †jwj‡q †`qv n‡qwQj| ZviciI ˆRb
ag© †VwK‡q ivLv hvqwb| Zvi cÖgvY m¤ªvU A‡kvK GKevi cyÛªea©‡b ˆRb
wbM©šÍ‡`i Aciv‡a fzj K‡i cvUvjxc‡Îi 18 nvRvi AvRxweK‡K nZ¨v
K‡iwQ‡jb| Pxbv cwieªvRK BD‡qb mvs-Gi weeiY †_‡K Rvbv hvq
†eŠ×‡`e ag© cÖPv‡i evsjvq G‡mwQ‡jb|
¸ßhy‡Mi ci cvj Avg‡jI †eŠ× a‡g©i me©v‡cÿv RqRqKvi mgq| Bnv
Aóg kZK †_‡K `v`k kZK ch©šÍ| ¸ßhy‡M evsjvq eªvþY¨ ˆew`K Ges
†cŠivwbK a‡g©i †h cÖmvi jv‡fi `„óvšÍgyjK igigv Ae¯’v wQj Zvnv
cvjÑP›`ª c‡e©I g„`y Zv‡j jqcÖvß wQj| †mb ivRv‡`i AvMg‡b Zvnv
AveviI ˆekvLx †g‡Ni gZ M‡R© DVj| †mb‡`i c„ô‡cvlKZvq ïiæ nj
DÌvb PZz`k©x, DËivqb ksµvwšÍ Dcj‡ÿ ¯œvb Zc©b cyRv, myLevox eªZ,
Kvg g‡nvrme, †nvjvK Drme, cvlvb PZz`k©x, †KvRvMi cywY©gv,
åvZ…wØZxqv BZ¨vw`| A_©vr eªvþY¨ a‡g©i RqRqKvi Ae¯’v| GB mgq ˆRb
a‡g©i †Kvb D‡jøL bvB| †eŠ× ag© A‡bKUv gyL †_veov‡bv, `yÕGKwU †eŠ×
wenvi `yÕGKwU fvb‡_ wKsev wfÿz, NyNy Pov‡bv wf‡U †hgb| Kvib eg©b I
†mbiv †eŠ× a‡g©i cÖwZ weiæc wQj| Zviv †P‡qwQj ˆRb I †eŠ× a‡g©i
wejywß I eªvþY¨ a‡g©i Avo¤^Zv wKsev igigv weKvk| Zviv cwiKwíZfv‡e
†P‡qwQj †eŠ× a‡g©i webvk I eªvþY¨ a‡g©i cÖKvk| GB †_‡K ïiæ nq
agxq© msNvZ| A_©vr GK A‡_© agxq© msNv‡Zi BwZnvm cÖvPxb evsjvi
BwZnvm| G †`‡ki Avw`g Awaevmx‡`i ag© wQj eªvþY¨ ag© †_‡K c„_K|
GRb¨B ˆew`K Ges †cŠivwbK ag©MÖ‡š’ Avgv‡`i c~e© cyiæl‡`i MvjvMvwj
Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb- HZ‡iq eªvþ‡Y cyÛª‡`i `mÿ ejv n‡q‡Q| HZ‡iq
AviY¨‡K evOvjx‡K cÿxKív ejv n‡q‡Q| gnvfvi‡Z evsjvi mgỳ ª
ZxieZx©‡`i †g‡j”Q ejv n‡q‡Q| fMeZ cyiv‡b my¤§v RvZx‡K cvcvkq
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 9

ejv n‡q‡Q| gby cyÛª‡`i eªvZ¨ ev cw_Z e‡j‡Qb| †evavqb ag© m~‡Î cyÛª
I e½ cÖf…wZ †`‡ki †jvK‡K msKxY© †gvbqt ejv n‡q‡Q| Gme Kvi‡b
wn›`y Ges †eŠ× ag© ¸iæ‡`i g‡a¨ Kjn eivei P‡j AvmwQj| eªvþYiv
†eŠ×‡`i Rj MÖnY Ki‡Zb bv| AwaKš‘ wn›`y ag© ¸iæiv my‡hvM †c‡j †eŠ×
ag©‡K MÖvm Kivi †Póv KiZ| GgbwK †eŠ× gywZ©‡K wke evwb‡q cyRv
K‡i cÖgvY Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Q wkeB gyj| †eŠ× ej‡Z wKQz †bB| Zvnv AvRI
RjšÍ `„óvwšÍZ, Lyjbv †Rjvi wkeevwo‡Z Dcweó †eŠ× gywZ© AvRI wke
iæ‡c cywRZ n‡”Q|
Aci w`‡K evsjvq eªvþY¨ eY©kÖgev`x‡`i eY© web¨v‡m eªvþY Qvov mK‡jB
k~`ª| G‡`i g‡a¨ Avevi wZb fvM| †hgb- DËg msKi, ga¨g msKi,
Aag msKi| DËg msK‡ii 20wU DceY© ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
1| KiY Ñ Giv †jLK I cȳ ÍK Kg©`ÿ Ges mrk~`ª e‡j cwiMwYZ|
2| A¤ó Ñ e„wË wPwKrmv, ˆe`¨ e‡j cwiwPZ|
3| DMÖ Ñ e„wË ÿwÎq, hy× we`¨v G‡`i ag©|
4| gvMa Ñ e„wË g„Z Ges msev` evnb hy‡× Abxnv|
5| Zš‘evq Ñ Zuv‡Z Kvco ey‡b RxweKv wbe©vnKvix
6| MÜevwbK Ñ gmjv e¨emvqx|
7| bvwcZ Ñ hviv Pyj `vwo gyQ K‡U|
8| †MŠc Ñ †jLK hviv †jLv †jwL K‡i|
9| Kg©Kvi Ñ `v, Kv‡¯Í, †Kv`vj wbg©vZv|
10| ˆZwjK Ñ (mycvwi e¨emvqx|)
11| Kz¤¢Kvi Ñ gvwUi Mvwo cvwZ evbvq hviv|
12| KsmKvi ÑKvmvi KvR K‡i, hviv cvwZj û°z evbvq|
13| k•LKvi Ñ hviv k•L w`‡q Mqbv evbvq|
14| `vm Ñ Pvlx
15| eviRxwe Ñ (cvbPvlx|)
16| †gv`K Ñ (gqiv|) wgwói KvwiMi|
17| gvjvKvi Ñhviv evMv‡b KvR K‡i I dz‡ji gvjv Muv‡Z|
18| m~Z Ñ hviv †Nvovi Mvwo Pvjvq I Kv‡Vi KvR K‡i|
19| ivRcyÎ Ñ ˆmwbK esk †hv×v|
20| Zv¤^jx Ñ (cvb we‡µZv|)
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 10

ga¨g msKi t 12wU DceY©
1| ZÿY Ñ †Lv`vBKvi|
2| iRK Ñ †h me aycv Kvco iv½vq|
3| ¯^Y©Kvi Ñ ¯^‡Y©i KvwiMi|
4| myeb© ewYK Ñ ¯^‡Y©i e¨emvqx|
5| Avexi Ñ (Avwni|) †Mvqvjv|
6| ˆZjKvi Ñ †Zj e¨emvqx|
7| axei Ñ (†R‡j|) gvQ aiv †ckv hv‡`i|
8| †kŠwkK Ñ (ïuwo|)
9| bU Ñ hvÎv, w_‡qUv‡i Awfbq K‡i hviv |
10| kvevK Ñ (kvevi|)
11| †kLi Ñ gyKzU ev Uzcy‡ii KvwiMi|
12| RvwjK Ñ †R‡j ev waei|
Aag msKi t 9wU DceY©
1| gv‡j MÖnx Ñ cY¨ we‡µZv ÿz`ª gyw`|
2| KzWe Ñ AveR©bv †djvq hviv|
3| PvÛvj ÑAbAMÖmi RvwZ, Puvovj, wPZv‡Z KvR K‡i hviv|
4| eiæo Ñ (evDwo|)
5| ZÿK Ñ (ZÿYKvi|)
6| PgK©vi Ñhviv Pvgovi KvR K‡i|
7| LÆRxwe Ñ hviv Ni wbg©vY I Pvjv wbg©vY Kg©x|
8| †Wvjevnx Ñ (`y‡j|)
9| gjø Ñ (gv‡jv|)
eªvþ ˆeiZ cyiv‡b Av‡Q Ñ AviI †kÖYx wefvRb| msk~`ª Amsk~`ª GB
eY©we‡f‡`i evovevwo GKw`‡K, Ab¨w`‡K ivRv D”P e‡Y©i †jvK‡`i Kvg
I †hŠbwejvm wQj LyeB nvZvkve¨ÄK| ivRv I D”PeYx©iv AmsL¨ †g‡q
we‡q KiZ| Ges gw›`‡i gw›`‡i †`e`vmxi cÖPjb wQj cÖPzi| GBiƒc
jvMvgnxb mvgvwRK AvPv‡ii Kvi‡Y mgv‡R GK k~b¨Zvi m„wó nq|
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 11

wVK Ggwb mg‡q mßg kZ‡K Avie †`‡k nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)
(570632) Bmjvg a‡g©i cÖeZ©b K‡ib| GB ag©vej¤^x‡`i †gvnv‡gWvb,
gymwjg ev gymjgvb e‡j| G‡`i 5wU KZ©e¨| h_vµ‡g: Cgvb (wek¦vm),
bvgvh (cÖv_©bv), †ivhv (Dcevm), n¾ (ågY), hvKvZ (`vb)| nhiZ
gynv¤§` (m.) Gi RxweZKv‡j Bmjvg ag© Avie †`‡k cÖwZôv jvf K‡i|
a‡g©i AvPvi I bxwZ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡j †evSv hvq Bmjv‡g †Kvb †kÖYx
ˆelg¨ bvB| ev`kvn dwKi Kv‡a Kva wgwj‡q bvgv‡h `uvov‡Z cv‡i| Aci
w`‡K nhiZ †gvnv¤§` †gv¯Ídv (m.) Gi g„Zz¨ n‡j nhiZ Avey eKi (iv.)
nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) Gi ¯’jvwfwl³ nb| Avey eK‡ii ci nhiZ Igi,
Gi ci µgvš^‡q nhiZ Imgvb I nhiZ Avjx-i nv‡Z Bmjv‡gi `vwqZ¡
Av‡m| ejv evûj¨ nhiZ Ig‡ii nv‡Z ÿgZv Avm‡j gymwjg mv¤ªvR¨
cwð‡g wÎcjx I c~‡e© AvdMvwb¯Ívb ch©šÍ cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj| wKš‘ Aviexq
ewYK‡`i gva¨‡g ag© cÖmvwiZ n‡qwQj B‡›`v‡bwkqv, gvj‡qwkqv ch©šÍ|
ZvB Hme A‡ji nvRxiv nR Ki‡Z †hZ Rvnv‡R mgy`ªcvwo w`‡q| Zviv
cÖvK…wZK Kvi‡b ev †fŠMwjK Kvi‡b wmÜz b`xi †gvnbvq cwðg fvi‡Z
†eªvP I †`ej e›`‡i †cvZvkÖq wb‡j cwðg fvi‡Zi ZrKvjxb ivRv
`vwn‡ii †jvK Zv‡`i LyeB AZ¨vPvi KiZ| nhiZ Ig‡ii Kv‡Q GB
bvwjk Dc¯’vwcZ n‡j nhiZ Igi ZrKvjxb Biv‡Ki kvmbKZ©v †gvnv¤§`
web Kvwkg †K wmÜz Awfhv‡b cvVvb| gynv¤§` web Kvwkg 1700 ˆmb¨ wb‡q
ivRv `vwn‡ii GKjÿ ˆmb¨‡K civwRZ Ki‡j fvi‡Z Bmjv‡gi exR
A¼zwiZ nq|
Kvjµ‡g nhiZ Avjxi g„Zz¨i ci nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) Gi †`ŠwnÎ nvmvb
I †nv‡mb †K civwRZ K‡i Bmjvgx mv¤vª‡R¨i ÿgZv g°v †_‡K
`v‡g¯‹v‡m DgvBqv‡`i nv‡Z P‡j hvq (mgq: 712748)| Zvici
749G DgvBqv‡`i nvZ †_‡K ÿgZv AveŸvmxq‡`i nv‡Z Avm‡j BivK
n‡q hvq †Ljvd‡Zi g~j‡K›`ª (7491258)| Avi evM`v` n‡q hvq
AveŸvmxq Lwjdv‡`i cÖavb kni| †Ljvd‡Zi cÖvY‡K›`ªg°v I `v‡g¯‹v‡m
_vKvKv‡j †Ljvd‡Zi ivóªfvlv wQj Aviex| cieZx‡©Z Biv‡Ki evM`v`
†K›`xªK †LjvdZ n‡j ivóªfvlv n‡q hvq dvmx©| ivóªfvlv Aviex _vKv‡Z
†hgb ïay Aviex fvlvfvlxiv D”Pc‡` AwawôZ _vKZ †Zgwb dvmx©i †ejvq
Zzi‡¯‹i dvmx©fvlxiv D”Pc`¸wj `Lj K‡i| Ggb wK AveŸvmxq †LjvdZ
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 12

Kv‡j me©caÖvb †mbvbvqK wQj Zzi‡¯‹i †jvK| kvmb cwiPvjbvi myweav‡_©
ZLb †QvU †QvU ivR¨ ¯’vcb Kiv nj| GB cÖwµqv‡Z MRbxi myjZvb
myey³Mxb (Zzi‡¯‹i Awaevmx) AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi GKwU iv‡R¨i `vwqZ¡ cvb|
1000 †_‡K 1026 ch©šÍ mg‡q myey³Mx‡bi my‡hvM¨ cyÎ myjZvb gvngỳ
17 evi fviZ Avµgb K‡ib| 1192 ZvivB‡bi 2q hy‡× †gvnv¤§` †Nvix
Rqx n‡j fvi‡Z gymjgvb mv¤vªR¨ cÖwZôvi m~Pbv nq| ZLb †_‡K `‡j
`‡j ZzKxi©v fvi‡Z Avm‡Z ïiæ K‡ib|
GBiæc fvM¨v‡š^lx RvwZ‡Z ZzKx © emevm m~‡Î AvdMvb KzZzeywÏb
AvBe‡Ki ˆmwbK I cieZx‡©Z e`vqy‡bi kvmK wnReiæwχbi †eZb‡fvMx
wmcvnx fvMeZ (wgR©vcyi) wfDwj ciMYvi RvqMxi kw³kvjx KÕRb `ÿ
ˆmwbK wb‡q †QvU †QvU wn›`y ivR¨ `Lj K‡i Ges c~e©vZ¼ m„wó K‡i, gvÎ
17 Rb ˆmb¨ wb‡q jÿY †mb‡K Zvwo‡q evsjv `Lj K‡ib| ZLb jÿY
†m‡bi cyÎ †Kke (wek¦iæc †mb) Gi mn‡hvwMZvq †MŠo‡K ivRavbx K‡i
ivR¨ kvmb K‡ib BLwZqvi DwÏb †gvnv¤§` eLwZqvi LjwR| eLwZqvi
LjwRi GB kvmb ïiæ nq 1204 Lªx÷v‡ã| GB 1204 †_‡K 1765
Lªx÷vã ch©šÍ 76 Rb myev`vi, ivRv I bvwRg 562 eQi gymjgvb kvmb
Kv‡qg iv‡Lb| Zb¥‡a¨ ïay wZbRb gymjgvb wQjbv| Zviv n‡jb ivRv
M‡Yk ivq, †UWi gj I gvbwmsn| myZivs 73 Rb¨ gymwjg kvm‡Ki
AvIZvq wn›`y ewbqvw`iv wQ‡jb Aaxb¯Í Kg©Pvix gvÎ|
†gvNj m¤vªU AvIi½‡R‡ei g„Zz¨ n‡j gywk©`Kzjx Luv `vc‡Ui m‡½ bevex
K‡ib| g„Zz¨i mgq Zvi †Kvb DËivaxKvi bv _vKvq †`ŠwnÎ midivR Luv
†K g‡bvbxZ KivUv Zvi RvgvZv myRvDwÏb bv †g‡b evsjvi Dwol¨vi
myev`vi c‡` AwawôZ nb| Zvi g„Zz¨i Av‡M evsjv, wenvi, Dwol¨v
GKmv‡_ mshy³ nq| Zvi g„Zz¨ n‡j gywk©`Kzjx Luvi †`ŠwnÎ midivR Luv
myev`vi nb| wKš‘ wenv‡ii bv‡qe bvwhg Avjxe`x© Luv wMwiqvi hy‡× Zv‡K
civwRZ I wbnZ K‡i bevex `Lj K‡ib| Avjxe`x© mÿg kvmK wn‡m‡e
BwZnvm m„wó Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb hw` Zvi Avg‡j gvivXv eM©x Avµgb cÖwZ‡iva
Ki‡Z bv nZ Ges Rwg`vi we‡`ªvn wb‡q gv_v Nvgv‡Z bv nZ| ZviciI
ivR¨ kvm‡bi `ÿZvi Qvc †i‡L †`ŠwnÎ wmivR‡K bevex w`‡q
wM‡qwQ‡jb| wmiv‡Ri eogvmx N‡lUx †eMg I †gS gvwmi †Q‡j kIKZ
Rs Zvi we‡ivax _vKv‡Z Zvi ivRZ¡ `ye©j wQj| myZivs ivRv ivRejø‡fi
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 13

XvKvi GK‡KvwU wÎk jÿ UvKv ivR¯^ AvZ¥mvZ K‡i| wmivR GB `~bx©wZ
`g‡bi †Póv K‡i ivRejøf‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i| ZvB ivRejøf †Rj †_‡K
gy³ n‡q PµvšÍ K‡i| GB Pµv‡šÍi mv_x nq weªwUk ewYK, gxi Rvdi,
RMr †kV, gvnZve Puv`, ivq `yj©f, ivRejøf| G‡`i Pµv‡šÍi duv‡` c‡i
evsjv wenvi Dwol¨v Bs‡iR‡`i nv‡Z P‡j hvq| fvi‡Zi wn›`yiv G‡Z LyeB
Avbw›`Z nq| Kvib wn›`yiv gymwjg kvmbvg‡j 562 eQi kvmb ÿgZvq
wØZxq mvwi‡Z wQj| ZvB ZvivI gymwjg wec‡ÿ gvbwmKfv‡e m`v mRvM
_vKZ| Zviv my‡hvM LyuRZ| ZvB †hB Bs‡iR‡`i nv‡Z ÿgZv †Mj, Zviv
Lye `ªæZ Bs‡iR cÖxwZ‡Z we‡fvi n‡q †Mj| Bs‡iR‡`i fvlv I ms¯‹…wZ
Avq‡Z¡ Avbvi Rb¨ gwiqv n‡q DVj| wKš‘ Iiv Db¥v`bv ekZt GKeviI
†f‡e †`‡Lwb Zv‡`i cÖfz e`j n‡q‡Q, gymjgvb cÖfzi e`‡j Bs‡iR cÖfz
n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Zv‡`i gvb ev‡owb| Zviv Bs‡iR‡`i cÖxwZ AR©‡bi Rb¨
gymwjg we‡Ø‡li gvÎv evwo‡q w`j|
Aci w`‡K Bs‡iRiv aviYv KiZ ÿgZv nviv‡bv gymjgvb Bs‡iR‡`i
†Kvbw`b Avcb n‡e bv| ZvB Zviv gymjgvb AwfRvZ‡`i `wg‡q ivL‡Z
wn›`y‡`i AvZ©-mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi c_ cÖk¯Í Ki‡Z _v‡K| G‡Z K‡i
1792Ñ1854 mv‡ji g‡a¨ †dvW© DBwjqv‡gi mvgvb¨ †`vKvbx gwZjvj
kxj †evZj I K‡K©i e¨emv K‡i cÖPzi A‡_©i gvwjK nb| 1820 mv‡j
wZwb weªwUk e¨emvqx‡`i †ewbqvb wbhy³ nb| wZwb Rvnv‡Ri ci RvnvR
wK‡b wekvjfv‡e cÖwZwôZ nb| GBiæc AMwbZ fzB‡dvo wn›`y †`Iqvbx
†ewbqvbx ev gyrmywÏwMwi cÖvß nb| †hgb C›`ªbvivqb †PŠayix, iv‡gk¦i
gy‡Lvcva¨vq, `~M©vPiY wgÎ, †Kejivg †Nvl, ivgcÖmv`Z wgÎ cÖgyL|
GgbwK Avgv‡`i wek¦Kwe iex›`ªbv‡_i c~e©cyiæl `c© bvivqb VvKzi I
Bs‡iR mn‡hvwMZvq AvwfRv‡Z¨i w`‡K GwM‡q hvq| G‡ZK‡i wn›`yiv
Bs‡iR c„ô‡cvlKZvi Avkvq gymwjg‡`i wec‡ÿ kw³kvjx Ae¯’vb †bq|
w`b w`b wn›`y gymjgvb m¤úK© AviI Lvivc n‡Z _v‡K| ¯^bvgab¨ ivRv
ivg‡gvnb ivq I jW© †nw÷s‡mi Kg©Pvix †_‡K ivRv Dcvwa cvq Ges A_©
I cÖwZcwË jvf K‡i| GKB fv‡e h‡kvn‡ii ivR bvivqb gyÝx I e‡U|
Ges ZZmy‡hvM¨ cyÎ Kwe gayevey Bs‡iR †m‡R Bs‡iR‡`i AbyK¤úv †c‡Z
†P‡qwQ‡jb| BwZg‡a¨ †ewbqvbx †`Iqvbx K‡i hviv cÖPzi A_© DcvR©b
K‡iwQ‡jb Zv‡`i g‡a¨ `viKvbv_ VvKzi I gwZjvj kx‡ji gZ `yÕGKRb
wkíD‡`¨vMx n‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ †Kv¤úvbxi Kg©Pvix‡`i Zv‡e`vix
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 14

†Q‡o GKKfv‡e ¯^vaxb n‡q bq| eis wPi¯’vqx e‡›`ve‡¯’i e¨e¯’v n‡j
wkíD‡`¨vM †Q‡o Rwg`vix †W‡K be¨ Zv‡e`v‡i cwiYZ n‡jb| Zv‡Z wKš‘
gymwjg mvavi‡bi †hgb wKQz Av‡m hvqwb †Zgwb wn›`y mvavi‡biI †Kvb
cwieZ©b Av‡mwb| iex›`ªbv_ Zv Zvi KweZv Ô`yweNv RwgÕ‡Z e‡j †M‡Qb|
A_©vr D‡c‡bi †Kvb AvZ©-mvgvwRK cwieZ©b Av‡mwb|
Z‡e gymjgvb AwfRvZiv Bs‡iwR wkÿv †_‡K wcwQ‡q civ‡Z Zv‡`i g‡a¨
†Rnv`x g‡bvfve m„ó n‡j Av‡›`vjb ïiæ nq| divRx Av‡›`vjb I Invex
Av‡›`jb| Zb¥‡a¨ divRx Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖavb nvRx kixqZzjøvn (Rb¥
gv`vixcyi, 1781) 1799 mv‡j n‡R hvb| ILv‡b nvwbwd cwÐZ Zvwni
†mv¤‡^ji mvwbœa¨ jvf K‡i mywdev‡`i †gŠwjKZ¡ m¤ú‡K© Ávb AR©b K‡ib|
†`‡k G‡m Zv ev¯ÍevwqZ Ki‡Z wM‡q KvjxcyRv, `yM©vcyRvq Rwg`vix Ki
w`‡Z eviY Ki‡j wn›`y Rwg`vi‡`i Kz bR‡i c‡ib| Zv‡Z gymwjg
Rwg`viiv ¯^-mv‡_©i Rb¨ wn›`y Rwg`vi‡`i wec‡ÿ nvRx kixqZzjøvn‡K
mn‡hvwMZv w`‡j Av‡›`vjb AviI †Rvi`vi nq| 1841 Lªx÷v‡ã divRx
mg_©K `ỳ ywgqv Av‡›`vjb †K AviI †eMevb Ki‡j miKvi 117 Rb‡K
e›`x K‡i| G‡ZK‡i wbwcwoZ cÖRviv divRx c‡ÿ `‡j `‡j †hvM †`q|
ZvB 1843 mv‡j divRx m`m¨ msL¨v nq 80 nvRvi| wn›`y Rwg`viiv GB
Av‡›`vjb‡K cÖKvk K‡i wn›`y-gymjgvb mv¤úª`vwqKZv| †hb mvavib wn›`y
mvavib gymjgvb‡K `ykgb g‡b K‡i| Bnv Zv‡`i e¨w³ ¯^v_©‡K mgwó‡Z
iæcvšÍi cÖwµqv|
1703Ñ1787 A_©vr AvVvi kZ‡K Avie †`‡k Avãyj Inve bv`fx Bmjvg
mg_©b K‡i bv Ggb fzjbxwZ ms¯‹vi K‡i Bmjvg‡K †gŠwjK Ae¯’v‡b
Avbvi †h Av‡›`vjb K‡ib †mB cÖ_v‡K mg_©b K‡i fvi‡Zi ˆmq` Avng`
ivq †ewijx I evivmv‡Zi wZZzgxi| ejvevûj¨ wkL iv‡R¨ gymjgvb mgvR
ag© cvj‡b evavcÖvß n‡j ˆmq` Avng` Zvi cÖwZKv‡i cÖ_‡g wRnv` K‡ib|
†mB wRnv` AviI †eMevb Kivi j‡ÿ¨ mvgwiK wkÿvq wkwÿZ K‡i hy×
ïiæ K‡ib| GB hy‡× 1831 Lªx÷v‡ã evjv‡Kv‡U wZwb wbnZ n‡jI hy×
Pj‡Z _v‡K| 1847 mv‡j G‡m GB hy× weªwUk weiæ× n‡q c‡o|
Aci w`‡K 1782 PweŸk ciMbvi ev`ywiqv _vbvi Puv`cyi MÖv‡g gxi †bmvi
Avjx Ii‡d wZZzgx‡ii Rb¥ nq| 1822 mv‡j g°vq Dc‡iv³ ˆmq`
Avng‡`i mv‡_ Zvi †`Lv nq| ˆmq` Avng‡`i BmjvwgK gZvg‡Z GKgZ
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 15

n‡q, wZZzgxi †mB gZ †`‡k G‡m cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z PvB‡j Zuvi mv‡_ wn›`y
Rwg`vi‡`i we‡iva ev‡a| Zviv n‡jb h_vµ‡gÑ cyovi Rwg`vi I bxjKi
cÿxq K…ò‡`e ivq, bvMicy‡ii Rwg`vi †MŠicÖmv` †PŠayix I Zviv¸wbqvi
Rwg`vi ivg bvivqb †PŠayix| Zviv †`L‡jb wZZzgx‡ii c‡ÿ nvRvi nvRvi
gvbyl mg_©b w`‡”Q| ZvB Rwg`vi K…ò‡`e ivq mgw_©Z Rwg`vi‡`i cÿ
†_‡K †NvlYv †`b hviv wZZzgx‡ii cÿ n‡q `vwo ivL‡e Zv‡`i cÖwZgyL
`vwoi Rb¨ AvovB UvKv LvRbv w`‡Z n‡e| Avi †Mvd QvU‡j cuvP wmu‡K
LvRbv w`‡Z n‡e| KvPv gmwR` evbv‡j 500 UvKv w`‡Z n‡e| cvKv
gmwR` evbv‡j 1000 UvKv bRi w`‡Z n‡e| evsjv bvg cwieZ©b K‡i
Aviex bvg ivL‡j cÖwZ bv‡gi Rb¨ 50 UvKv LvwiRvbv w`‡Z n‡e| Miæ
KvU‡j WvbnvZ †K‡U †`qv n‡e| wZZzgxi †K AvkÖq w`‡j wf‡U Qvov Kiv
n‡e| GB Rwg`vix digvb Rvbvi ci †cvovi Rwg`vi K„ò †`‡ei Kv‡Q
wZZzgxi GKLvbv wPwV wj‡Lb| †mB wPwV wb¤iœƒc:
eivei,
evey K…ò‡`e ivq Rwg`vi gnvkq mgx‡cly
†cvovi Rwg`vi evwo|
gnvkq,
Avwg Avcbvi cÖRv bv n‡jI Avcbvi ¯^‡`kevmx| Avwg †jvK ci¯úivq
Rvwb‡Z cvwijvg †h Avcwb Avgvi Dci Amš‘ó nBqv‡Qb| Avgv‡K Invex
ewjqv Avcwb gymjgvb w`‡Mi wbKU †nq Kwievi †Póv Kwi‡Z‡Qb| Avcwb
†Kb Ggb Kwi‡Z‡Qb eywS‡Z cviv gykwKj| Avwg Avcbvi †Kvb ÿwZ Kwi
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 16

bvB| hw` †Kn Avgvi weiæ‡× Avcbvi wbKU †Kvb wg_¨v K_v ewjqv
Avcbv‡K D‡ËwRZ Kwiqv _v‡K Zvnv nB‡j Avcbvi DwPZ wQj m‡Z¨i
mÜvb Kwiqv ûKzg Rvix Kiv| Avwg `xb-Bmjvg Rvix Kwi‡ZwQ| gymjgvb
w`M‡K Bmjvg ag© wkÿv w`‡ZwQ| Bnv‡Z Avcbvi Am‡šÍv‡li wK Kvib
_vwK‡Z cv‡i? hvnvi ag© †mB ey‡S Avcwb Bmjvg a‡g©i Dci n¯Í‡ÿc
Kwi‡eb bv| Invex ag© bv‡g `ywbqvq †Kvb ag© bvB| Avjøvni gbtcyZ ag©
Bmjvg| Bmjvg k‡ãi A_© kvwšÍ| GKgvÎ Bmjvg ag© e¨wZZ Avi †Kvb
ag© RM‡Z kvwšÍ Avbqb Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv| Bmjv‡g Bmjvgx ai‡Yi bvg
ivLv, `vox ivLv, †Mvd †QvU Kiv, C`-Dj-Ahnvi †Kvievbx Kiv, AvwKKvi
†Kvievbx Kiv, Avjøvn I Avjøvni ivmy‡ji Av‡`k| gmwR` cÖ¯‘Z Kwiqv
Avjøvni Dcvmbv KivI Avjøvni ûKzg| Avcwb Bmjvg a‡g©i Av‡`k,
wewawb‡l‡ai Dci n¯Í‡ÿc Kwi‡eb bv| Avwg AvkvKwi Avcwb Avcbvi
ûKzg cÖZ¨vnvi Kwi‡eb, dK&Z Ñ
nvwKi I bv-wPR
ˆmq` gxi †bmvi Avjx Ii‡d wZZzgxi
GB wPwV wZZzgx‡ii GK wkl¨ Avwgbyjøvn K…ò †`e iv‡qi evwo‡Z wb‡q
†M‡j Zv‡K Mvi‡` AvUK K‡i iv‡L Ges †cUvq| †mLv‡b Zvi g„Zz¨ nq|
K…ò †`‡ei mv‡_ wZZzgx‡ii we‡iva Pig AvKvi aviY K‡i| GB we‡iva
wb‡q †MveiWv½vi Rwg`vi jvVz eveyi evwo‡Z GK wgwUs nq| †mB wgwUs‡q
Dcw¯’Z nq Rwg`vi KvjxcÖmbœ, Rwg`vi jvVz evey, Rwg`vi †`ebv_,
Rwg`vi K…ò †`e, ivg ivg PµeZx ©(K…ò †`‡ei AvZ¥xq I ewkinv‡Ui
`v‡ivMv)| mfvq wm×všÍ nq wZZzgxi‡K `gb Ki‡Z bxjKi cv`xª‡`i
mvnvh¨ cÖv_©bv I wn›`y‡`i g‡a¨ wZZzgx‡ii weiæ‡× cÖPvi †Rvi`vi Kivi
Ges K…ò‡`‡ei ûKzg‡K mg_©b Rvbv‡bv| Zviv KÕRb K…ò †`‡ei †jvK
`vwoi LvRbv wb‡Z Avm‡j wZZzgx‡ii †jvK cÖej evav †`q| ZvÕ‡Z K…ò
†`‡ei PvikZ †jvK (†j‡Vj - jvwVqvj) midivRcyi AvµgY K‡i|
A‡bK evwo jyU K‡i gmwR` †cvovq| wZZzgx‡ii †jv‡Kiv ivg ivg
PµeZx ©`v‡ivMv‡K bvwjk Rvbv‡j `v‡ivMv Z`šÍ K‡i K…ò‡`‡ei
AZ¨vPv‡ii †Kvb cÖgvY †c‡jv bv| K…ò‡`e evivmv‡Zi R‡qb
g¨vwR‡÷ª‡Ui Kv‡Q cÖgvY Ki‡jb - Dwb Hw`b KjKvZv wQ‡jb| G‡ZK‡i
gvgjv LvwiR n‡q hvq| GB NUbv N‡U 1830 mv‡j| wZZzgxj KjKvZv
RR‡Kv‡U© Avcxj Ki‡Z wM‡qI e¨_© nb| ZvB wZZzgx‡ii AbyMvgx‡`i
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 17

wb‡q bvwi‡Kjevwo‡Z wZZzgxi wgwUs K‡ib Ges GB NUbvi cÖwZev‡`i
cwiKíbv wb‡j wZZzgx‡ii wkl¨ †Mvjvg gvmyg m½x mv_x wb‡q euv‡ki †Kjøv
ˆZix K‡ib| Avi wZZzgxi 300 f³ †jvK wb‡q †cvovMÖvg AvµgY
K‡ib| Zviv gmwR` †cvovi cÖwZ‡kva wb‡Z Miæ RevB K‡i gw›`‡i Miæi
i³ wQwU‡q Av‡m| G‡Z ivMvwš^Z n‡q gw›`‡ii cy‡ivwnZ K‡qKRb
gymjgvb‡K nZ¨v K‡i| gymjgvbivI Zvi cÖwZ‡kva wb‡Z wM‡q cy‡ivwnZ
†K nZ¨v K‡i| †cvovi mvd‡j¨ DrmvwnZ n‡q wZZzgxi †NvlYv K‡ibÑ
†Kv¤úvbxi kvmb †kl, gymjgvbivB Avevi ivRv| wZZzgxi †mB gymwjg
ivR‡Z¡i cÖwZwbwa| ZvB ¯’vbxq Rwg`vi‡`i LvRbv wZZzgxi‡K w`‡Z n‡e|
myZivs Rwg`vi KvjxcÖmbœ, Rwg`vi jvVzevey I bxjKzVxi g¨v‡bRvi †Wwfm
mv‡ne GK‡Î 800 †jvK (moKxevR), jvwVqvj I K‡qKwU nvwZ I e›`yK
wb‡q wZZzgx‡ii evwnbx‡K AvµgY K‡i Ges civwRZ nq| GB cwiw¯’wZ
wbqš¿‡Y †QvUjvU I Dcw¯’Z wQj| myZivs GB civRq †QvUjv‡Ui civRq|
ZvB Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij †ew›Us GKRb K‡Y©j I `ywU Kvgvb 100 †Nvov ˆmb¨
I 300 †`kx wmcvnx I eû mk¯¿ evwnbx wb‡q fqven hy×mv‡R wZZzgx‡ii
evwnbx‡K AvµgY K‡i| Kvgvb `vwM‡q wZZzgx‡ii euv‡ki †Kjøv aŸsm K‡i
wZZzgxi‡K nZ¨v K‡i| wn›`y gymjgvb AeM© wPi¯’vqx K‡i BwZnvm‡K ÿZ
K‡i †`q| G‡Z hy‡× ZZKvjxb msev` gva¨g¸wj ZvivI weK…Z K‡i
msev` cÖPvi K‡i mgvR‡K weåvšÍ K‡i iv‡L|
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 18

†hgb ZrKvjxb `c©b cwÎKvq wj‡LwQj mscÖwZ wRjv b`xqvq AvšÍcvÖwZ
bvwi‡Kj evwoqv MÖv‡g wZZzgxi bvgK Reb ev`kvwn jI‡b”Qvq `je×
nBqv Rwg`vi KvjxcÖm‡bœi abcÖv‡Y AvNvZ I wn›`y‡`i RvwZ cÖvY aŸsm
Ki‡b cÖeË ©nB‡j Z_vKvi g¨vwR‡÷ªU mv‡ne `v½v †iva Kwievi Rb¨
†dŠR`vix bvwRi gynv¤§`‡K Pvcovm m‡gZ bvwi‡Kj evwo cvVvBqv
wQ‡jb| `yó Re‡biv wb`q©iæ‡c H AfvMv bv‡Ri‡K ea Ki‡j g¨vwR‡÷ªU
mv‡n‡ei wi‡cvU© gZ KjKvZv nB‡Z Ak¦iæp I c`vwZK ˆmb¨ †cÖiY K‡i
wZZzgxi Reb‡K wbnZ Kiv I Re‡bi euv‡ki †Kjøv aŸsm Kiv nBj| ...
... ...
GB AwfRvZ wn›`y we‡`ªvnx gymjgvb‡`i Am¤úK© Gi †Ri Uvb‡Z Uvb‡Z
1875 mv‡j Avh© mgvR cÖ_g c`‡ÿc †bb `qvb›` ¯^i¯^Zx †MvnZ¨v
wbevibx mfv| Bnvi Kvh©KvwiZv ïiæ nq 1882 mv‡j| 1891 †Z
Ks‡MÖ‡mi bvMcyi Awa‡ek‡b †Mviÿv cÖ¯Íve GKiKg mg_©b cvq| GB
†Mviÿv Av‡›`vj‡bi d‡j wn›`y gymjgvb m¤ú‡K©i AviI AebwZ nq|
BwZg‡a¨ 18931895 wmevRx Drme Pvjy n‡j wn›`y gymjgvb m¤úK©
AwaKZi bvRyK n‡q c‡i| Kvib wmevRx wQj †gvNj we‡`ªvnx| GKB mv‡_
wn›`y Kwe mvwnwZ¨‡Ki †jLbx‡ZI gymwjg we‡Øl aiv c‡o| ew¼gP›`ª
Ck¦i¸ß Zvnviv wjL‡Z wM‡q gymwjg‡`i e‡j nq‡Zv Ô†b‡oÕ bq‡Zv
ÔRebÕ|
ZvB Kwei iPbvq Av‡QÑ
gwR© †Zov Kv‡R †fov
†bovgv_v hZ
bivag wbP bvB †b‡o‡`i gZ|
i½jvj Kg©‡`ex 1861 Kv‡e¨i bvqK mvay mg‡i wfg †ekavix we‡klZ
Reb †`L‡j m‡iv‡l RjvZ¼ nq| ew¼g Zvi Avb›`g‡V gymwjg‡`i Reb
e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb| A_©vr wK wkwÿZ wK AwkwÿZ, AwfRvZ gnj
†Zv e‡UB wn›`y‡`i gymwjg we‡Øl Pig †_‡K Pig AvKvi aviY K‡i| Zviv
GB my‡hvM‡K †mvbvq †mvnvMvi gZ e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡Q, GKgvÎ
†Kv¤úvbx miKvi wn›`y‡`i kw³ `v‡b †Kvb Kvc©b¨ K‡i bvB|
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 19

1857-Gi gnvwe‡`ªv‡ni ci e¨_©Zv ch©‡eÿY K‡i Zviv eyS‡Z cv‡i
weªwUk kvmb LyeB kw³kvjx| G‡`i D‡”Q` Kiv k³| Avevi GB kvmb
e¨e¯’v †_‡K wb‡R‡`i `y‡i ivL‡j DbœwZi m¤¢vebv bvB| gymjgvb‡`i
Ae¯’vi DbœwZ Ki‡Z n‡j weªwUk kvm‡bi cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ cÖKvk K‡iB
Ki‡Z n‡e| BwZg‡a¨ gymjgvb‡`i g‡a¨ A‡b‡K Bs‡iwR wkÿv MÖn‡Y
GwM‡q G‡m‡Q| ¯‹zj cvi n‡q K‡j‡R G‡m‡Q| KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq
¯’vwcZ nq 1857 mv‡j| ZvB wn›`y‡`i g‡a¨ cÖ_g ¯œvZK 1858 mv‡j
ew¼g P›`ª PÆcva¨vq I h`ybv_ emy| Avi †`‡ki cÖ_g gymjgvb ¯œvZK nb
1861 mv‡j ûMwji †`‡jvqvi †nv‡mb| GB Rj Mwo‡q 1900 mvj †_‡K
1905 mv‡ji g‡a¨ gymwjg wkwÿ‡Zi msL¨v `vovq h_vµ‡g:
evsjvq GgG
weG Abvm©
weG
weGj
jÕ jvB‡mÝ cÖvß
Ggwe
GgGjGg
weB
GjB
†gvU
Ñ 67 Rb|
Ñ 139 Rb|
Ñ 504 Rb|
Ñ 168 Rb|
Ñ 5 Rb|
Ñ 1 Rb|
Ñ 17 Rb|
Ñ 2 Rb|
Ñ 1 Rb|
= 899 Rb wkwÿZ|
ZLb wn›`y wkwÿ‡Zi msL¨v cÖvq GK j‡ÿi KvQvKvwQ| Avi msev` gva¨g
ej‡Z †M‡j ïay Zv‡`i wbqš¿‡Y| ZvB wn›`yiv gymjgvb‡`i‡K wkÿv `xÿvi
†ÿ‡Î AKzjxb g‡b KiZ| G‡ZK‡i wn›`y gymjgv‡bi RvZMZ ˆelg¨ †ek
cvKv‡cv³ n‡q I‡V| BwZg‡a¨ we`¨vmvMi, gvB‡Kj gaymỳ b, iRbx KvšÍ,
hvwgbx ivq cÖgyL Gi we‡kl L¨vwZjv‡f wn›`y‡`i Ans‡eva AviI †e‡o
hvq| cieZx © mg‡q gymwjg wkíx mvwnwZ¨Kiv GwM‡q G‡m GKwU
m¤§vbRbK ¯’vb `Lj Ki‡jI Zv‡`i Kv‡Q Zv KvD‡›Uej n‡q I‡Vwb|
Avi GB ˆelg¨g~jK mvgvwRK Ae¯’v‡qi welq mvavi‡bi Kv‡Q cÖKvk
†c‡j mgv‡R wn›`y-gymwjg Ø›Ø Dj¤^ n‡q c‡i| GBme Ø›Ø I we‡Ø‡li
Kvi‡b wK mvwn‡Z¨i †ÿ‡Î wK cwjwU‡·i †ÿ‡Î †bZviv ci¯úi‡K ey‡S
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 20

wb‡Z cv‡iwb| GwM‡q _vKv wn›`y †bZviv wcwQ‡q _vKv gymjgvb fvB‡`i
Avk¦¯Í K‡i Kv‡Q Uvb‡Z cv‡iwb| gymjgvb †bZvivI wn›`y fvB‡`i wek¦vm
K‡i GKmv‡_ Pj‡Z cv‡iwb| d‡j wn›`y gymjgvb‡`i Av‡›`vjb wfbœ Lv‡Z
cÖevwnZ n‡q‡Q| †hgb my‡i›`ª bv‡_i †bZ…‡Z¡ BjevU© wej Av‡›`vj‡b
1883 †Z evsjvi gymjgvbiv †hvM †`qwb| eøv›U mv‡n‡ei GB Av‡›`vj‡b
gymjgvb †bZv‡`i mg_©b Av`vq Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| †gvU K_v gymjgvb
†bZviv weªwU‡ki weiæ‡× wn›`y‡`i m‡½ GK‡hv‡M Av‡›`vj‡b ivRx nbwb|
1886 Avgxi Avjx †e½j b¨vkbvj jxM †_‡K `y‡i _vK‡jb ˆmq` Avn¤§`
Ks‡MÖm †_‡K m‡i †_‡K †gvnv‡gWvb GWz‡Kkb Kbdv‡iÝ ¯’vcb Kij|
beve Avãyj jwZd, Avgxi Avjx I Ab¨vb¨ gymwjg †bZviv wn›`y †bZ…‡Z¡
weªwUk we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb †_‡K `y‡i _vKvi civgk© w`‡j Ks‡MÖ‡mi
KwjKvZvq AbywôZ wØZxq Awa‡ek‡b 443 Rb cÖwZwbwai g‡a¨ gvÎ 33
Rb gymjgvb cÖwZwbwa AskMÖnY Ki‡jb| Zb¥‡a¨ gvÎ 17 Rb evsjvi|
GB wb‡q H mgqKvi msev`c‡Î ev`-cÖwZev` ïiæ n‡qwQj| ZvB gv`ªv‡R
AbywôZ Ks‡MÖ‡mi Z…Zxq Awa‡ek‡b e‡¤^i e`iæwÏb ˆZqewR‡K 1896
wLª÷v‡ã KwjKvZvq AbywôZ Awa‡ek‡b mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ n‡j
ingZDjøvn mvqbx wZwb mfvq ej‡jb `y‡i †_‡K evjy‡KvwPZ Ges
KvíwbK Awf‡hvM DÌvcb bv K‡i gymwjg‡`i DwPZ Ks‡MÖ‡mi wgwUs‡q
†hvM †`qv| Ges wb‡Ri †Pv‡L †`Lv Hme wgwUs‡q wK nq ... ...| Zv‡`i
GBme e³e¨ wN‡i KwjKvZv gymjgvb‡`i g‡a¨ GKwU Zxeª cÖwZwµqv †`Lv
†Mj| Zvi c‡iI wn›`y gymjgvb‡`i Av‡›`vjb `ywU wfbœ Lv‡Z cÖevwnZ
n‡qwQj| Ewbk kZ‡K G‡m AwfRvZ wn›`y‡`i ivóª‰bwZK RvZxqZvev`
agxq© RvZxqZvev‡` `vwo‡qwQj| wn›`yiv wb‡R‡`i GKUv RvwZ g‡b KiZ|
Ges †mB RvwZi g½‡ji Rb¨ KvR KiZ| †mRb¨ Zv‡`i cÖwZwôZ ¯‹z‡ji
bvg wQj wn›`y ¯‹zj, †mLv‡b Awn›`yiv co‡Z cviZ bv| GgbwK †gjvi
bvgI wQj wn›`y †gjv| Zv‡`i GB wn›`y‡K›`xªKZvi Rev‡e gymjgvbivI
gymwjg †K›`ªxKZv‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡q Pj‡Z ïiæ Kij| ZvB 1906 mv‡j
weªwUk miKvi kvmb Zvwš¿K ms¯‹vi Ki‡Z cv‡i †f‡e gymwjg AwfRvZiv
ïay gymjgvb‡`i `vex`vIqv wb‡q 1906 Gi 1jv A‡±vei GKwU cÖwZwbwa
`j jW ©gv‡j© wg›Uzi mv‡_ †`Lv K‡i| Bnv wmgjv †Wcy‡Ukb bv‡g L¨vZ|
GB cÖwZwbwa `‡ji m`m¨ wQ‡jb evsjvi beve Avjx †PŠayix, gvIjvbv
†Mvjvg Kv‡`i †PŠayix, G‡K dRjyj nK cÖgyL| beve mwjgyjøvn Zvi m‡½
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 21

cÖ¯ÍvweZ me©fviZxq gymjxg msMV‡bi GKwU cwiKíbvi cÖ¯Íve †`b| GB
cÖ¯Ív‡e gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ c„_K wbe©vPb cÖ_v Ges we‡kl ¸iæ‡Z¡i `vex
K‡i| GB cÖ¯ÍvweZ cwiKíbv fvi‡Z mKj gymwjg †bZv‡`i Kv‡Q †cŠQ‡j
gymjgvb‡`i g½‡ji Rb¨ Aj BwÛqv gymjxg jxM ¯’vwcZ nq| GB gymjxg
jxM e½f½ mg_©b K‡i| GgbwK 25†k b‡f¤i^ 1906 G cÖwZwôZ nq
†gvnv‡gWvb wWwRj¨vÝ KwgwU I AvÄygvb ¸wj wn›`y Rwg`vi‡`i gymwjg
cÖRv AZ¨vPv‡ii cÖwZev‡` iæ‡L `vwo‡qwQj| Zviv ¯^RvwZ Av‡›`vj‡bi
WvK w`‡qwQj| GB Av‡›`vb Dcj‡ÿ Zviv †h Bk‡Znvi cÖPvi K‡iwQj
Zvig‡a¨ A‡bK mv¤úª`vwqKZv wQj| †hgb gqgbwms‡ni Beªvwng Luvi jvj
Bk‡Znv‡i wQjÑ †n gymjgvbMY RvMwiZ nI, Znwej msMÖn Ki, RvZxq
we`¨vjq ¯’vcb Ki| cvVkvjv‡Z wn›`yi mv‡_ cvV KwiI bv| RvZxq
Kvievi †Lvj| wn›`y †`vKvb nB‡Z †Kvb e¯‘ µq KwiI bv| wkí wkÿv
Ki| wn›`yi †Kvb wkíRvZ `eª¨ ¯úk© KwiI bv| wn›`y‡K PvKwi w`I bv,
wn›`yi evwo‡Z wbK…ó PvKwi KwiI bv| wn›`yi Kzms¯‹v‡i Ave× nBqv
RvwZMZ e¨emv QvwoI bv| †Zvgv‡`i Ávb bvB, hw` Ávb jvf Kwi‡Z cvi
Z‡e GKw`‡bB wn›`y‡K Rvnvbœv‡g cvVvB‡Z cvi| †`L e½‡`k †Zvgv‡`i,
msL¨v A‡a©K †Zvgiv, K…lK-K…wlRxwe ab DrcwËi exR| wn›`y ab †Kv_vq
cvBj? wn›`yi ab we›`ygvÎ bvB| wn›`y †KŠk‡j †Zvgv‡`i ab wbqv abx
nBqv‡Q| †Zvgiv hw` †mB †KŠkj wkÿv Kwi‡Z cvi I Ávb jvf Kwi‡Z
cvi GKw`b wn›`y Abœvfv‡e gwiqv hvB‡e ev gymjgvb nB‡e|
wZZzgx‡ii euv‡ki †Kjøv
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 22

GBfv‡e evsjvi gvby‡li mvgvwRK wWg †f‡½ †M‡Q| Avi †Rvov jv‡Mwb|
Zvici GB †f‡½ hvIqv wWgwUi †fZ‡ii Ask †ei K‡i †d‡U †d‡U
GKvKvi K‡i c¨v‡b †f‡R GKK‡i Ig‡jU evbvb n‡jv| GB ïiæ n‡jv
m¤úªxwZ| NUbvUv NUj cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×| 1914Ñ1918 mv‡j Zzi®‹ Rvg©vbxi
c‡ÿ hvIqv‡Z Rvg©vb wecÿxq wgÎkw³ Zzi®‹ m¤ªv‡R¨i A‡bKvsk †K‡o
†bq| hy× †k‡l fviZxq gymjgvb mgvR Zzi‡®‹i c‡ÿ Ae¯’vb †bq| G‡Z
MvwÜRx †NvlYv K‡ib Zzi‡®‹i cÖwZ wgÎkw³i m‡šÍvlRbK Ae¯’v bv n‡j
wZwb Am‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi e¨e¯’v †b‡eb| MvwÜRx ZLb fvi‡Z AcwÖZØ›`x
†bZv| BwZc~‡e© fvi‡Z Zzi‡®‹i †LjvdZ mg_©b K‡i †LjvdZ KwgwU
MwVZ n‡q‡Q| 1920 mv‡j 31†k AvM÷ †LjvdZ KwgwU Amn‡hv‡Mi
WvK w`‡j MvwÜRx Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM †`q Ges weªwUk miKv‡ii †`Iqv
KvBRvi-B-wn›` Dcvwa †diZ cvVvq| GB Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb‡K
†K›`ªK‡i wn›`y gymwjg †bZviv KjKvZvq GKmv‡_ emj| Zviv wm×všÍ
wbj hZw`b †LjvdZ cvÄve Ab¨v‡qi (Rv‡jbIqvjvevM nZ¨vKvÛ)
myivnv bvnq ZZw`b Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi `vwq‡Z¡ MvwÜRx _vK‡eB| ZvB
MvwÜRxi AvnŸv‡b Bs‡iR Av`vjZ eR©b
Ki‡jb wPËiÄb `vm| hvi IKvjwZ K‡i gvwmK Avq wQj 15 †_‡K 20
nvRvi UvKv| GBiæc µvwšÍKv‡j wn›`y gymwjg GK n‡q cÖwZev‡` †b‡g
¯^ivR `vex Ki‡j †QvUjvU KjKvZvmn me eo kn‡i wZbgv‡mi Rb¨
Rbmfv I †kvfvhvÎv wbwl× Ki‡jb| 1jv wW‡m¤^i 1921 mv‡j wPËiÄb
`vm mKj †bZv‡`i mg_©b wb‡q weªwUk miKv‡ii AvBb Agvb¨ Kivi
AvnŸvb Ki‡j miKvi `gb bxwZ MÖnY K‡i| †`keÜz wPËićbi
cwievieM©mn A‡b‡K †MÖdZvi nq| 1921 mv‡j 19†k wW‡m¤^i jÛb
†_‡K hyeivR AvMgb Dcj‡ÿ niZvj eÜ ivL‡j miKvi Ab¨vqfv‡e
Kvive›`x‡`i gyw³ †`‡e GB cÖ¯Íve iv‡Lb eojv‡Ui `yZ g`b‡gvnb
gvje¨| GB cÖ¯Ív‡ei mv‡_ mshy³ wQj- `gbbxwZ cÖZ¨vnvi Ki‡e| mKj
`‡ji cÖwZwbwa‡`i wb‡q †Mvj‡Uwej ˆeVK n‡e| GB cÖ¯Ív‡e ivRx n‡jb
†`keÜz I gvIjvbv AvRv`| Zviv MvÜxwRi Kv‡Q Zvi cvVv‡jb| MvÜx
ej‡jb, Av‡M Avjx fvB‡`i gyw³w`‡Z n‡e, Zvici miKv‡ii mv‡_ ˆeVK,
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 23

bvnq Amn‡hvM Pj‡Z _vK‡e| BwZg‡a¨ 1922 mv‡j b‡f¤‡^i Kvgvj
AvZvZzK© Zzi‡¯‹i ivRZš¿ AcmvwiZ K‡i MYZš¿ cÖwZôv Ki‡j fvi‡Z
†LjvdZ Av‡›`vjb ¯Íä n‡q h
Aciw`‡K MvÜx‡K 7 eQ‡ii Kviv`Û w`‡j Ks‡MÖmI Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb
eÜ K‡i †`q| ejv evûj¨ wn›`y-gymjgvb `yB m¤úª`v‡qi Av‡›`vj‡bi
wgwQj GKwU _vK‡jI Av`k© wQj wfbœ| gymwjg Av‡›`vjb wQj †Ljvd‡Zi
Rb¨ Avi wn›`y Av‡›`vjb wQj ¯^iv‡Ri Rb¨| ZvB GKB wgwQ‡j e‡›`
gvZig aŸwbi ci Avjøvû AvKevi †Kvb wn›`yi Kv‡Q Av`ibxq wQjbv|
Avi †h gymjgvb ew¼‡gi Avb›`gV c‡o‡Q Zv‡`i c‡ÿ e‡›` gvZig †g‡b
†bIqv KwVb| GQvov 1920 mv‡j Avigvwb‡Uvjv gq`v‡b wmAvi `vm
Qv·`i ¯‹zj eR©‡bi Av‡`k †`b| Zvi ciw`b
GKB gq`v‡b G‡K dRjyj nK ¯‹z‡j †hvM`v‡bi Av‡`k †`b| BwZg‡a¨
1925 mv‡j 16B Ryb †`keÜzi g„Zz¨ n‡j wn›`y-gymjgvb‡`i g‡bi we‡Øl
†ivM Avevi msµvwgZ nq| ZvB H mv‡j RyjvB gv‡m wn›`y-gymjgvb Miæ
nZ¨v wb‡q `v½v nq| GB `v½v wZb `dvq NwUZ nq| Zvnv h_vµ‡gÑ 2iv
GwcÖj 1925 †_‡K 15 GwcÖj; 22 GwcÖj †_‡K 8B †g; 11B †g †_‡K
25†k RyjvB| GB `v½v KÕwU‡Z 210 Rb wbnZ nq| 975 Rb AvnZ
nq| `v½v _vgv‡Z 3Rb cywjk wbnZ nq, 95 Rb cywjk AvnZ nq| 725
gymjgvb I 342 Rb wn›`y †MÖdZvi nq| 8wU gw›`i I 3wU ¸iæ`vi, 7wU
gmwR`, 3wU `iMvn †K AcweÎ I fvsPzi Kiv nq| GQvov evRbv evwR‡q
gmwR‡`i mvg‡b w`‡q hvIqv, G‡Z gymjgvbivI ÿzä n‡q †kvfvhvÎvq
AvµgY K‡i| ZvB 1926 Gi †g gv‡m cÖv‡`kxK Ks‡MÖm KwgwUi
Awa‡ekb e‡m| G‡Z †e½j †c± i_ Kivi
†fvU nj K…ò bM‡i| GB c¨v± ivLv bvivLvi c‡ÿ e¨eavb nq| G‡Z
m‡ivwRwb bvBWz `ytL K‡i ej‡jbÑ Avcbviv evsjv‡K AviI †ewk fvM
Ki‡jb|
1927 mv‡j †QvUjvU m¨vi Avãyi iwng‡K gš¿x wbhy³ K‡ib| Zvic‡ÿ
†Kvb wn›`yi mg_©b bv
†c‡q Kw`‡bi g‡a¨B Avãyi iwng c`Z¨vM Ki‡jb| Zvici Rwg`vi
MRbex‡K gš¿x Ki‡j mv‡_ †e¨vg‡Kk PµeZx‡©K ivL‡jb Zvi mn‡hvMx
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 24

wn‡m‡e| ZLb wn›`yiv †e¨vg‡K‡ki gymwjg mg_©b †`‡L wec_Mvgx g‡b
KiZ| ZvB Zviv G RywU‡K MRPµ ejZ| ZvivI mg_©b †cjbv ZvB
ZvivI c`Z¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡jb| Gici beve †gvkvid †nv‡mb gš¿x I
cÖevm P›`ªwgÎ mn‡hvMx n‡jb|
1928 mv‡j weªwUk miKvi †e½j †UbvwÝ G¨vgvÛ‡gÛ K‡i w`‡j wn›`y
Rwg`vi‡`i cÖRv kvmb kw³ AviI †e‡o †Mj| GB we‡ji g‡a¨ w`‡q
AviI †kvl‡bi gvÎv †e‡o hv‡e weavq AvKivg Luv, ˆmq` bI‡ki Avjx,
G‡K dRjyj nK, †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqvw`,© Aveyj gbmyi, AvwQg DwÏb,
ZwgR DwÏb, mvgmywÏb cÖgyL K…lK cÖRv cvwU© MVb Ki‡jb| Zviv Ks‡MÖm
Z¨vM Ki‡jb|
1927 mv‡j 20†k gvP© wRbœv I Zvi KÕRb mg_©K wg‡j w`jøx cÖ¯Íve
iv‡Lb| Zvnv nBj
(1) evsjv‡`k I cvÄv‡ei AvBb mfvq gymjgvb msL¨vMwiôZv eRvq
ivwL‡Z nB‡e|
(2) e‡¤^ cÖ‡`k n‡Z wmÜz cÖ‡`k‡K c„_K Kwi‡Z nB‡e|
(3) DËi-cwðg mxgvšÍ cÖ‡`‡ki kvmb ms¯‹vi Kwi‡Z nB‡e|
(4) †K›`ªxq AvBb mfvq gymjgvb‡`i‡K GK-Z…Zxqvsk Avmb w`‡Z nB‡e|
(5) cÖv‡`wkK AvBb mfv¸wj‡Z †jvKmsL¨vi Abycv‡Z c‡ÖZ¨K m¤úª`v‡qi
Rb¨ Avm‡bi e¨e¯’v nB‡e|
GB cÖ¯Íve ev¯Íevq‡b gymjgvb‡`i †Kvb DcKvi bv nIqv‡Z GB w`jøx
cÖ¯Íve evwZj nq| Aciw`‡K 1928 mv‡j cwÐZ †b‡niæ †K mfvcwZ K‡i
e‡¤^‡Z me©`jxq ˆeV‡K GKwU msweavb KwgwU MwVZ nq| GB mgq
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avjx I wRbœv †`‡k wQ‡jb bv| †b‡niæ KwgwU wRbœvi
w`jøx cÖ¯Íve ev` w`‡q GKwU mK‡ji MÖnY‡hvM¨ msweavb ms‡ÿc iPbv
K‡ib Ges †ck K‡ib| Bnv M„nxZ nq| ZvB wRbœv †`‡k wd‡i gg©vnZ
nq| 1928 mv‡j cwÛZ †b‡niæi †bZ…‡Z¡ KwjKvZvq Ks‡MÖ‡mi Awa‡ekb
e‡m| wRbœv I kwd †b‡niæi wec‡ÿ wQj| wRbœv me©`jxq ˆeV‡Ki 24 Rb
cÖwZwbwai Zid †_‡K †b‡niæi wi‡cv‡U©i Dci ms‡kvabx cÖ¯Íve Av‡bb|
ejv evûj¨ wRbœvi w`jøx cÖ¯Íve wQj gymwjg ¯^v_© mswkøó Avi †b‡niæi cÖ¯Íve
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 25

wQj wn›`y cÿcvZcyó| ZvB wn›`y gnvmfvi †bZviv wRbœv‡K mg_©b †`qwb|
eis †b‡niæi w`‡K Suy‡K wQj| Avi A‡bK gymwjg †bZvivI †b‡niæ‡K
mg_©b w`‡q Dcgnv‡`kwU‡K wbi‡cÿ ivLvi cÖqvm cvw”Qj| Zv‡`i g‡a¨
G‡K dRjyj nK, m¨vi Avãyi iwng, gvIjvbv AvKivg Luv, gvIjvbv
AvRv`, W. Avbmvix, W. wKmjy I gvngỳ vev‡`i ivRv mv‡ne cÖgyL| GLb
Ks‡MÖ‡mi jÿ¨ nj †b‡niæi GB wi‡cvU© (cÖ¯Íve) Abyhvqx †Wvwgwbqvb
÷¨vUvmÑ Dcwb‡ewkK kvmb _vK‡e bv, ¯^ivR n‡eB| ZvB P~ovšÍ Ae¯’v‡b
†_‡K †bZvRx myfvm P›`ª I †b‡niæi †bZ…‡Z¡ GK`j c~Y© ¯^vaxbZvi `vex
Rvbvj, mv‡_ mv‡_ wm×všÍ †bqv njÑ MvwÜRxi ga¨¯’Zvq ¯^vaxbZv
cÖ¯ÍvweZ n‡e, weªwUk miKvi GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Dcwb‡ewkK kvmb cÖeZ©b
bv K‡i Z‡e Ks‡MÖm c~Y© ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ Av‡›`vjb Ki‡e| miKv‡ii AvBb
Agvb¨ Ki‡e| GB k‡Z© Ks‡MÖ‡mi †b‡niæ KwgwU kvmbZš¿ iPbv I MÖnY
Kij| ZvB 1929, 31†k wW‡m¤^i ivZ 12:01 nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_
KjKvZv Ks‡MÖm Awa‡ek‡b cÖ¯ÍvweZ kvqZ¡ kvmb Aby‡gv`‡bi GK eQi
Kvj †kl nIqvq cwÛZ †b‡niæ wZbiOv fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZvi cZvKv
D‡Ëvjb Ki‡jb|
Aciw`‡K 1793 mv‡j wPi¯’vqx e‡›`ve‡¯Íi kZ© Abyhvqx Rwg`vi cÖRv‡`i
KvQ †_‡K 130 †KvwU UvKv Av`vq Ki‡j 30 †KvwU UvKv †`‡e miKvi‡K|
wKš‘ Zv bvK‡i Rwg`viiv 630 †KvwU UvKv Av`vq K‡i miKvi‡K w`Z 30
†KvwU UvKv| Gw`‡K gymwjg Mixe K…lK‡`i VwK‡q wn›`y Rwg`viiv
miKvi‡KI VKvZ| ZvB G‡K dRjyj n‡Ki K…lK cÖRv cvwU© MwVZ nq|
Bnv wQj 1936 mvj| wRbœv GKB eQi jÛb †_‡K e¨vwi÷vi n‡q Avm‡j
1937 mv‡j K…lK cÖRv cvwU© wbe©vPbx Kg©m~Px MÖnY K‡i| wbe©vP‡bi
djvdj hvB †nvK †QvUjvU K…lK cÖRv cvwU©i †bZv G‡K dRjyj nK‡K
gš¿xmfv MVb Kivi `vwqZ¡ †`b| ej‡Z nq ce©Z Mv‡Î ÿz`ª Rjaviv A‡bK
PovB DrivB †cwi‡q †hgb mvM‡i †g‡k Ewg© P‚ovq wg‡k wb‡Ri Rjkw³i
weKvk NUvq, wVK †Zgwb fvi‡Z BwZnv‡mi †kl mgy‡`ª G‡m cÖgvY †cjvg
gymjgvb †bZviv †gav I cvwÛ‡Z¨i †ÿ‡Î wb‡R‡`i †K `~e©j fveZ e‡j
cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¥ n‡qwQj| Zv‡`i fvebvUv A‡bKUv mZ¨I e‡U| evsjv‡`k
ZLb gymjgvb msL¨vMwiô| Kv‡RB ALÛ fvi‡Zi g‡a¨ _vK‡jI Zv‡`i
fq cvevi †Kvb Kvib wQjbv| wKš‘ gymjgvb †bZviv memgq GB fq
KiZ †h, me©fviZxq msL¨vMwiôZvi my‡hvM wb‡q wn›`y †bZviv
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 26

gymjgvb‡`i cÖvc¨ AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| GBRb¨B Zviv
evievi cÖv‡`wkK ¯^vqZ¡ kvm‡bi `vex KiZ Ges †K‡›`ªi nv‡Z AwaK
ÿgZv †`Iqvi cÿcvwZ wQjbv| Zv‡ZI wbwðZ bv n‡Z †c‡i Zviv
gymwjg msL¨vMwiô AÂj wb‡q c„_K mve©‡fŠg iv‡óªi K_v ejZ| ZvB
evOvjx gymjgvb †bZv‡`i Kv‡Q cvwK¯Ívb RbwcÖq n‡qwQj| GRb¨ †h,
cvwK¯Ívb ALÛ evsjvq Zv‡`i cÖvavb¨ mywbwðZ Ki‡e| ZvQvov dRjyj
nK‡K w`‡q cvwK¯Ívb cÖ¯Íve DÌvcb Kivi g‡a¨ wRbœvi GKUv PvjI wQj|
dRjyj nK wQ‡jb fvi‡Zi gymwjg msL¨vMwiô cÖ‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x|
ZviØviv DÌvwcZ n‡j †m ¸iæZ¡ cvq| Zv Ab¨ †KD Ki‡j †cZ bv| Zvi
Dci cieZxK©v‡j evsjvi †bZviv hv‡Z †emy‡iv bv Mvq ZviRb¨ dRjyj
nK wQj h_vDchy³ e¨w³Z¡|
1939 mv‡j 3iv †m‡Þ¤i^ 2q wek¦hy× ïiæ nq| 1944 mv‡j hy×
PjvKvjxb mg‡q fviZ AkvšÍ †`k fvMvfvwM wb‡q fvi‡Zi †bZviv KzU
ZK© K‡i Pj‡Qb| ZLb evsjvq fqven `ywf©ÿ †`Lv †`q| hvi bvg BwZnvm
cÖwm× 50-Gi gš^šÍi| GB `ywf©‡ÿi cÖwZ hviv D`vmxb wQj Zviv bvwK
MYcÖwZwbwa| hviv gvby‡li `yt‡L e¨w_Z bv, Zviv †h cvwK¯Ívb-fviZ
cÖwZwôZ Ki‡e †m †`k w`‡q gvbe Kj¨vY GK AmviZv gvÎ| hvB †nvK
Zv‡`i gva¨‡g G‡`k ¯^vaxb nj| wek¦hy× †kl nevi wZb eQi ci| wn›`y
cÖavb GjvKv wb‡q fviZ I gymwjk cÖavb GjvKv wb‡q cvwK¯Ívb| gymjgvb
m¤úª`v‡qi AwaKvsk †bZviv †P‡qwQj wkÿv `xÿvq Ges †ckvMZ
†hvM¨Zvq GwM‡q _vKv wn›`y‡`i cÖwZ‡hvwMZv †_‡K wbivc` _vKv| GKB
fv‡e wn›`y †bZvivI Ggb GKUv e¨e¯’v †P‡qwQj gymjgvb‡`i cÖvavb¨
†_‡K gy³| Z‡e Dfq cÿ hvnv cÖZ¨vkv KiwQj Zvnv Zviv KZUzKz †c‡q‡Q
Zv BwZnv‡mi cvZvq Aw¼Z| †`Lyb GB wbg©g wPÎ AvPo|
wØRvwZ ZË¡ †K nvwZqvo K‡i wRbœv cvwK¯Ívb Av`vq K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘
AbwZwej‡¤^ wØRvwZ Z‡Ë¡i aviYv wQj fzj cÖgvYxZ nj| Avi GB åvšÍ
aviYv cÖgv‡Yi Rb¨ wRbœv wb‡RB h‡_ó| cvwK¯Ívb R‡b¥i ci 1948 mv‡j
KivPx‡Z cÖ_g MY cwil‡`i mvg‡b Zvi cÖ_g e³…Zvq wRbœv ej‡jb
Avcbviv ¯^vaxb, G cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óª Avcbv‡`i B”QvgZ gw›`i gmwR` †h
†Kvb Dcvmbvj‡q hvIqvi AwaKvi Avcbv‡`i Av‡Q| Avcbv‡`i ag© RvwZ
I m¤úª`vq hvB †nvK, Zvi mv‡_ gyjbxwZi †Kvb m¤úK© bvB| Avgiv GKB
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 27

iv‡óªi Awaevmx| Avgvi g‡Z GB bxwZ‡K Avgv‡`i Av`k©iƒ‡c m`v
RvMiæK ivLv KZ©e¨| Zvn‡j Avcbviv †`L‡eb †h Kvjµ‡g wn›`yiv Avi
wn›`y gymjgbiv Avi gymjgvb _vK‡e bv| Ñ ag©wek¦v‡mi w`K †_‡K bq,
Kvib †mUv nj cÖ‡Z¨K gvby‡li e¨w³MZ wek¦v‡mi cÖkœ G nj iv‡óªi
bvMwiK wn‡m‡e AwaKvi|
wØZxqevi wØRvwZ ZË ¡åvšÍ cÖgvYxZ nj cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K evsjv‡`k R‡b¥i
gva¨‡g| cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZwôZ n‡j c~e© evsjvi gvbyl Rwg`vi-gnvRb-
Avgjvi nvZ †_‡K †invB †c‡qwQj| wKš‘ †m ¯’vb `Lj K‡iwQj cwðg
cvwK¯Ívbx kvmK m¤úª`vq| Zviv cvwK¯Ív‡bi mv‡_ mgfv‡e c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi
DbœwZi †Póv bvK‡i c~e© evsjv‡K Zv‡`i Kv‡qgx mv‡_©i Dcwb‡ek evbv‡Z
†P‡qwQj| 1947 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb ¯^vaxb nIqvi ci cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi `æªZ
DbœwZ Ges c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi A‡cÿvK…Z cðv`c`Zvi A‡bK Kvib Av‡Q|
†hgbÑ cvwK¯Ív‡bi mvgwiK evwnbx‡Z c~e cvwK¯Ív‡bi †Kvb D‡jøL‡hvM¨
Ask bv _vKv| cvwK¯Ív‡bi Avgjv †Mvôx‡Z cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi wecyj
msL¨vMwiôZv| fviZ †_‡K e¨emvqx I wkí D‡`¨v³v‡`i cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b
¯’vbvšÍwiZ Kiv| cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivRavbx KivPx I ivIqvjwcwÛ‡Z ¯’vbvšÍwiZ
Kiv| cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi kni¸wj‡K D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡i Avbv| e¨emvwqK
jvB‡mÝ ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©‡bi my‡hvM cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi GK‡PwUqv K‡i
ivLv|
1947 mvj †_‡K G fvimvg¨nxbZv w`‡q cvwK¯Ív‡bi BwZnvm ïiæ nq|
wKš‘ cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvmK †Mvôx GB fvimvg¨‡K mgvšÍivj Kivi †Póv
bv K‡i cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi w`‡K †SvK w`‡qwQ‡jb| ZvB cvwK¯Ívb R‡b¥i
15 eQi ci c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivR¯^ NvUwZ 60 †KvwU UvKv, A_P cwðg
cvwK¯Ív‡bi DØ„Ë 38 †KvwU UvKv| GiRb¨ `vqx wQj †K›`xªq miKv‡ii
ˆelg¨gyjK bxwZ I A_©‰bwZK cwiKíbv| †hgb K…wl, wPwKrmv, weÁvb
I wkí M‡elYvi 16 †K‡›`ªi 13 cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b, Avi 3wU gvÎ c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡b| D”P wkÿv I cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ Kj¤ ^ cø¨vb, †dvW© dvD‡Ûkb,
KgbI‡qj_ GBW BZ¨vw` my‡hvM myweav †cZ cwðg cvwK¯Ívbxiv| c~e©
cvwK¯Ívb k~b¨| †emvgwiK, mvgwiK I Ab¨vb¨ Kg©‡ÿ‡Î wKsev PvKzwi
†ÿ‡Î ˆelg¨ wQj e¨vcK| †hgb:
wewfbœ LvZ cwðg cvwK¯Ívb c~e© cvwK¯Ívb
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 28

†K›`xªq †emiKvwi LvZ 84% 16%
ˆe‡`wkK `ßi 85% 15%
¯’j evwnbx 95% 5%
†bŠevwnbx (KvwiMix) 81% 19%
†bŠevwnbx (AKvwiMix) 91% 9%
wegvb evwnbx ˆegvwbK 89% 11%
mk¯¿ evwnbx (msL¨vq) 5 jÿ 20 nvRvi
cvwK¯Ívb GqvijvBb&m 7000 280
mgvRKj¨v‡Yi †ÿ‡Î c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ae¯’v AviI bvRyK :
wewfbœ LvZ cwðg cvwK¯Ívb c~e© cvwK¯Ívb
RbmsL¨v 5 †KvwU 50 jÿ 7 †KvwU 50 jÿ
Wv³v‡ii msL¨v 12000 7600
nvmcvZvj †eW 16000 6000
cjøx ¯^v¯’¨‡K›`ª 325 88
kni mgvR Dbœqb †K›`ª 81 52
GQvov KY©d‚jx †ccvi wgj‡mi KvMR c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b w`¯Ív wewµ nZ 10
Avbv, Avi cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b wewµ nZ 6 Avbv| Kvib GB †ccvi wg‡ji
gvwjK wQj `vD` BmgvBj, Zvi †K›`xªq Awdm wQj KivPx, evmfebI
wQj KivPx| ZvB KvMR wWw÷ªweDkb nZ KivPx †_‡K| A_P GB KvM‡Ri
KvPvgvj euvk msMÖn nZ c~e© cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K| Drcv`b kwgKI c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡bi| Gici mvgvwRK wWmwµwg‡bkb wQj Avi nvZvkve¨ÄK|
60Ñ61 mv‡ji w`‡Ki K_v, c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi †Kvb GK hyeK GK wenvix
wiwdDwR †g‡qi †cÖ‡g c‡i| †g‡qwU wcZ…M„n †Q‡o ¯^vgx M„‡n P‡j †M‡j
we‡qi cÖ¯‘wZ †bqv nq| †g‡qwUi wcZv †g‡q I †Q‡j `yRb‡K a‡i †Kv‡U©
IVvq| †g‡qwU cÖgvY K‡i †m eq‡m 18 eQ‡ii D‡a©| ZviciI
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 29

Zvi wcZv cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii mn‡hvwMZv wb‡q †g‡qwU‡K cvwK¯Ív‡b mwi‡q
†d‡j| Avi †Q‡jwU‡K KvivMv‡i †i‡L mvRv †`q| GB welq wb‡q †MvUv
†`k Ry‡o Av‡jvob m„wó n‡q‡Q|
D`y© fvlvfvlx cvwK¯Ívbxiv evsjv fvlvfvlx gyjgvb‡`i 2q †kÖwYi gymjgvb
g‡b KiZ| ZvB Zviv c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi mv‡_ †g‡q w`‡q m¤úK© Ki‡Z B”Qv
cÖKvk KiZ bv| A_©vr cwðg cvwK¯Ívbxiv Avgv‡`i mv‡_ nvZ wgwj‡q
gymwjg åvZ…Z¡‡ev‡ai K_v e‡j cvwK¯Ívb ¯^vaxb K‡iwQj wVKB| wKš‘
Avgv‡`i‡K g‡bcÖv‡Y MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i bvB| Zviv eivei wb‡R‡K
wb‡R‡`i g‡b KiZ Zviv Kzjxb, Avi Avgiv k~`ª, Avgiv A”Qzr| A_P c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡bi m¤ú` w`‡q Zviv Kzjxb| ejvevûj¨ cwðg cvwK¯Ívbx kvmK
†Mvôx †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Ges Avw_©K bxwZ¸‡jv Ggbfv‡e iPbv KiZ hv‡Z
c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi m¤ú` w`‡q cwðg cvwK¯Ívb‡K wkíbœZ Kiv hvq| GK
cwimsL¨v‡bi wnmve g‡Z 194869 Lªx÷vã ch©šÍ c~e© cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K
m¤ú` cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b cvPvi Kiv nq, Zvi cwigvb 2100 wgwjqb gvwK©b
Wjvi| †gvUK_v c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K mycwiKwíZ fv‡e cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi
GKwU K‡jvbx ev Dcwb‡e‡k cwibZ Kiv n‡qwQj| fvlvi †ÿ‡Î miKvwi
bxwZ wQj AviI nvZvkve¨ÄK Ges cÖ‡ivPbvg~jK| mgMÖ cvwK¯Ív‡b evsjv
wQj msL¨vMwiô RbM‡Yi fvlv, kZKiv 56 R‡bi fvlv| D`©y †Kvb
GjvKvi fvlv wQj bv| ZeyI mgMÖ cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ D`y©‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi
cÖ¯Íve M„wnZ nq| 1948 mv‡j 21†k gvP© XvKvi †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b
(eZ©gvb †mvnivIqv`x ©D`¨vb) GK Rbmfvq wRbœv †NvlYv K‡ibÑ
ÒD` y©Ges D`yB© n‡e cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv|Ó
1950 Gi †m‡Þ¤^‡i cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖavbgš¿x wjqvKZ Avjx Luv MYcwil‡`
Avevi e‡jb, ÒD` y© D`©yB n‡e cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv|Ó BwZg‡a¨
cvwK¯Ív‡bi Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij wRbœvi g„Zz¨ n‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi gyL¨ gš¿x
D`©yfvlx bvwRgDwÏb Mf©bi †Rbv‡ij nb| 1951 mv‡ji 15B A‡±vei
cÖavbgš¿x wjqvKZ Avjx wbnZ n‡j bvwRg DwÏb cÖavbgš¿x wbhy³ nb|
cÖavbgš¿x n‡q 1952 Gi 30†k Rvbyqvwi bvwRg DwÏb †NvlYv Ki‡jb,
ÒD`©yB n‡e cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv|Ó cwðg cvwK¯Ívbx kvmK †Mvôxi GB
Ab¨vq cÖ¯Íve c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi gvbyl †g‡b †bqwb| Zvi Av‡M 1947 mv‡j
14B AvM÷ cvwK¯Ívb ¯^vaxb nIqvi KÕw`‡bi g‡a¨B MwVZ n‡qwQj
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 30

MYZvwš¿K hyejxM| Avi 1948-G G‡m evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi Rb¨
XvKvq ivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil` MwVZ nq| GB msMÖvg cwil‡`i `vex `yÕwU|
(1) evsjv n‡e c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b evsjv wkÿvi evnb Ges Awdm Av`vj‡Zi
fvlv n‡e evsjv| (2) cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóª fvlv `yÕwU evsjv I D`|y©
1948 Gi 23†k †deæªqvwi cvwK¯Ívb MYcwil‡`i cÖ_g Awa‡ek‡b D`y© I
Bs‡iwRi cvkvcvwk evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi cÖ¯Íve ivL‡j cÖavbgš¿x
wjqvKZ Avjxmn gymjxg jx‡Mi m`m¨iv Pig we‡ivwaZv K‡i| GB
cÖ¯Ív‡ei wec‡ÿ cÖPzi mgv‡jvPbv K‡i| XvKvq GB msev` †cŠQ‡j wkÿK
I eyw×Rxwe gn‡j Zxeª `vn ïiæ nq| GB Am‡šÍvl cÖKv‡k c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b
26†k †deæªqvwi ag©NU cvwjZ nq| 2iv gvP© XvKvq me©`jxq ivóªfvlv
msMÖvg cwil` MwVZ nq| 11B gvP© GB msMÖvg cwil‡`i Wv‡K Avevi
ag©NU cvwjZ nq| ZvB ZrKvjxb gyL¨gš¿x LvRv bvwRg DwÏb Av‡›`vjb
Kvix‡`i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvq em‡Z eva¨ nq| wKš‘ mgm¨vi mgvavb nqwb|
1952 mv‡j GB Av‡›`vjb‡K AviI †eMevb Kivi j‡ÿ¨ MwVZ nq
me©`jxq ivóªfvlv Kg©cwil`| Kg©cwil‡`i Wv‡K 11B †deæªqvwi cÖ¯‘wZ
w`em I 21†k †deæªqvwi cvwjZ nq ivóªfvlv w`em| mgMÖ †`‡k niZvj
P‡j †kvfvhvÎv †ei nq| miKvi `gbbxwZi AvkÖq †bq| gyL¨gš¿x byiæj
Avwg‡bi wb‡`©‡k wgwQ‡j ¸wj K‡i cywjk| wbnZ nq iwdK, kwdK,
RveŸvi, eiKZ, mvjvg| RbZv ¯^Ztùz‡Z© wbnZ knx`‡`i ¯§i‡Y knx`
wgbvi ˆZix K‡ib| c‡iiw`b ag©NU cvwjZ nq| miKvi †`‡L GB
Av‡›`vjb w`b w`b cÖej †_‡K cÖejZi n‡q DV‡Q| ZvB evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv
Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| GB Av‡›`vjb cvwK¯Ívb RvZxqZvev‡`i weiæ‡× evOvjx
RvZxqZvev‡`i cÖgvY iv‡L| GB fvlv Av‡›`vjb‡K cwðg cvwK¯Ívbx
kvmKiv eyS‡Z cv‡i evOvjxi ms¯‹…wZ I fvlv A`wgZ| myZivs GB
RvwZ‡K A_©‰bwZK c‡_ `wg‡q ivL‡Z n‡e|
Zvici cwðg cwK¯Ívbx kvmKeM© ïiæ Kij fvimvg¨nxb AvZ©mvgvwRK
cwiKíbvi ev¯Íevqb| c~e© evsjv‡K evbvj Dcwb‡e‡ki De©i f‚wg| A_©vr
GKwU Mvfxi gyL c~e©e‡½ cðvZfvM cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b| ZvB cwðg
cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖvavb¨ kvmK‡`iB mycwiKíbv eyS‡Z †c‡i c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi
†bZ…eM© MVb Kij hy³d«›U| 1954 Gi gvP©-G c~e© evsjvi eq¯‹
†fvUvi‡`i wfwˇZ mvavib wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| ZLb hy³d«‡›Ui
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 31

kw³kvjx `j¸wj wQj h_vµ‡g AvIqvgxjxM, K„lKkÖwgK cvwU©, †bRv‡g
Bmjvg I MYZvwš¿K `j BZ¨vw`| ejv cÖ‡qvRb 1949 mv‡j †mvnivIqv`x
©I gvIjvbv Avãyj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbxi †Póvq ¯’vwcZ nq AvIqvgx gymwjg
jxM| c‡i GB gymwjg kãwU ev` w`‡q nq AvIqvgxjxM| Avi dRjyj
n‡Ki cÖ‡Póvq MwVZ nq K…lK kÖwgK cvwU©| Avi GB `j¸wj hy³d«‡›Ui
`vex wQj c~e© evsjv Z_v c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ c~Y© kvqZ¡kvmb| evsjv‡K
ivóªfvlv Kiv| me©‡gvU 21 `dvi `vex| GB `vexi wfwˇZ wbe©vP‡b
AskMÖnY K‡i hy³d«›U wecyj †fv‡U Rqjvf K‡i| wbe©vP‡b ÿgZvmxb
gymwjg jxM
309wU Avm‡b ïay 9wU Avmb wb‡q †kvPbxqfv‡e civwRZ nq| hy³d«›U
dRjyj n‡Ki †bZ…‡Z¡ gš¿xmfv MVb K‡i| wKš‘ `yÕgvm AwZevwnZ bv n‡ZB
ˆmivPvix Mf©bi †Rbv‡ij †Mvjvg †gvnv¤§` (195155) c~e© evsjvq
Mf©b‡ii kvmb Rvix K‡ib| cÖwZiÿv mwPe †gRi †Rbv‡ij B¯‹v›`i
wgR©v‡K c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Mfb©i K‡i cvVv‡bv nq| wZwb c~e© evsjvi
†bZv‡`i cvBKvix nv‡i e›`x K‡ib| 1955 Gi 14B A‡±vei Mfb©i
†Rbv‡ij mve©‡fŠg MYcwil` †f‡½ w`‡q †`‡k Riæix Ae¯’v Rvix K‡ib|
wKš‘ mywcÖg †KvU© bZzb MYcwil` Kivi iæwjs †`q| 1955 Gi 7B RyjvB
wØZxq MYcwil‡`i Awa‡ekb e‡m| †PŠayix †gvnv¤§` Avjxi †bZ…‡Z¡
hy³d«›U Ges gymwjgjxM wgwjZfv‡e †K›`xªq miKvi MVb K‡i| 11B
AvM÷ 1955
†Mvjvg †gvnv¤§` Amȳ ’Zvi ARynv‡Z c`Z¨vM Ki‡j †gRi †Rbv‡ij
B¯‹v›`i wgR©v Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij wbhy³ nb| MYcwil` cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvmbZš¿
iPbv †kl K‡i| 1956 Gi 29†k †deæªqvwi Zv M„wnZ nq, 23†k gvP© Zv
Kh©Ki nq| GB kvmbZ‡š¿ cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi GjvKv¸wj‡K G‡KK cÖ‡`k
cwibZ Kiv nq| c~e© evsjv‡K AbyôvwbK fv‡e c~e© cvwK¯Ívb †NvlYv Kivi
cÖ¯Íve M„wnZ nq| mvgwiK evwnbxi mg_©‡b B¯‹v›`i wgR©v‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi
cÖ_g †cÖwm‡W›U wbhy³ Kiv nq| cÖ_g †_‡KB wgR©vi MYZ‡š¿i cÖwZ †Kvb
iKg kÖ×v wQjbv| d‡j MYZš¿ wek¦vmx cÖavbgš¿x †gvnv¤§` Avjxi mv‡_
wgR©vi msNvZ m„wó nq| myZivs wgR©vi n¯Í‡ÿ‡c †gvnv¤§` Avjxi
†bZ…Ëv¡axb d«›UÑjxM miKv‡ii cZb nq 7B †m‡Þ¤i^ 1956 †Z|
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 32

AvIqvgxjx‡Mi cÖavb †mvnivIqv`x © cÖavbgš¿x wbhy³ nb 8B A‡±vei
1956 (wgqv` 19561958)| BwZg‡a¨ 1956 Gi gv‡P© G‡K dRjyj
nK c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Mfb©i wbhy³ nb| c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b Nb Nb miKvi e`j
nq| 1956 8B A‡±vei XvKvq cvwK¯Ív‡bi RvwZq cwil‡`i cÖ_g ˆeVK
AbywôZ nq| G‡Z c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ hy³ Ges cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨
c„_K wbe©vPbx c×wZ M„wnZ nq| †K‡›`ªiI Nb Nb miKvi cwieZ©b n‡Z
_v‡K| †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui wb‡`©‡k 1957 Gi 16B A‡±vei †mvnivIqv`x©
c`Z¨vM K‡ib| Gic ¯^í mg‡qi Rb¨ BmgvBj Beªvwng Py›`xªMo
cÖavbgš¿x nb| wZwb I msL¨vMwiôZv jv‡f e¨_© n‡j c`Z¨vM K‡ib|
†`‡k cwjwUK¨vj Aw¯’iZv †`Lv w`‡j †cÖwm‡W›U wgR©v †Rbv‡ij AvBqye
Lvb‡K cÖavb mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvmK wbhy³ K‡ib 8B A‡±vei 1958|
Av‡mb ZrKvjxb cvwK¯Ívb wicvewjKvb `‡ji cÖavb wd‡ivR Lvb byb|
wZwb 1959 Gi 15B †deæªqvwi mvavib wbe©vP‡bi w`b †NvlYv K‡ib| wKš‘
K‡qKw`‡bi g‡a¨ AvBqye Lvb Ackvm‡bi ARynv‡Z wgR©v‡K AcmvwiZ
K‡i wb‡RB †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui ÿgZvq AwawôZ nq| wZwb wb‡Ri MÖnb‡hvM¨Zv
m„wó Kivi ZvwM‡` bvbv iKg RbwnZKi Kvh©µg nv‡Z †bq| Zvi kvm‡bi
el©c~wZ© Dcj‡ÿ¨ 1959 G 27†k A‡±vei †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i aviYv cÖPvi
K‡ib| 1960 mv‡j Rvbyqvwi gv‡m †mB Abymv‡i wbP©vPb AbywôZ nq|
†mB wbe©vP‡b wR‡Z AvBqye Lvb cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖ_g wbe©vwPZ †cÖwm‡W›U nq|
1962 mv‡j RvZxq cwil‡`i wbe©vPb eR©b K‡i we‡ivax`j| 1965 mv‡j
we‡ivax`j wRbœvi †evb dv‡Zgv wRbœv‡K †cÖwm‡W›U c`cÖv_x ©K‡i AvBqye
Lv‡bi weiæ‡× `vo Kiv‡j AvBqye Lvb `ybx©wZ I cÖkvmb †K e¨envi K‡i
†cÖwm‡W‡›Ui ÿgZv Avevi n¯ÍMZ K‡i| ejvevûj¨ 1962 mv‡j c~e© †_‡K
AvBqye Lvb mg¯Í ÿgZv †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui nv‡Z _v‡K gZ e¨e¯’v wb‡qwQ‡jb|
ZvB 1962-Gi 24†k gvP© bZzb msweavb evwZj, MYZš¿ cÖwZôv I e›`x
†bZv‡`i gyw³i `vex‡Z Awbw`ó© Kv‡ji Rb¨ ag©NU ïiæ nq| wewfbœ
ivR‰bwZK `‡ji †bZviv wgwjZ n‡q MYZvwš¿K d«›U MVb K‡i| BwZg‡a¨
dRjyj nK 1962 mv‡j g„Zz¨eiY K‡i| 1963-i 5B wW‡m¤^i
†mvnivIqv`x© gyZ…¨eiY Ki‡j d«›U `ye©j n‡q c‡i| Gi d«‡›Ui ga¨ †_‡K
†kL gywReyi ingvb AvIqvgxjxM‡K cybM©wVZ K‡i Zz‡jwQ‡jb| 1965-i
†cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vP‡b 5wU we‡ivax`j GK‡RvU n‡q MVb K‡i mw¤§wjZ
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 33

we‡ivax`j| 1965-i †m‡Þ¤‡^i 17w`b cvKfviZ hy× nq| 17 w`b ci
RvwZms‡Ni wb‡`©‡k hy×weiwZ N‡U|
fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x jvj evnv`yi kv¯¿x I cvwK¯Ív‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U AvBqye Lvb
ZvkL›` Pzw³ K‡ib| 1966 mv‡j 13B †deæªqvwi we‡ivax`‡ji †bZ…e„›`
jv‡nv‡i HwZnvwmK wbwLj cvwK¯Ívb m‡¤§jb AvnŸvb K‡ib| H m‡¤§j‡b
AvIqvgxjx‡Mi cybtcÖwZôvZv †kL gywReyi ingvb cvwK¯Ív‡bi `y A‡ji
fvimvg¨ ivLvi K_v e‡j 6 `dv cÖ¯Íve K‡ib| Bnv‡Z wQj mwZ¨Kv‡ii
hy³ivóª e¨e¯’vi K_v| cÖwZiÿv I we‡`kbxwZ Qvov me ÿgZv Qvov me
ÿgZv iv‡R¨i nv‡Z _vK‡e| Zv cvwK¯Ívb miKvi eyS‡Z cv‡i Avi eywS
c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K †kvlb Kiv hv‡e bv| ZvB Aí w`‡bi g‡a¨ gywReyi ingvb
I Ab¨vb¨ †bZv‡`i †`kiÿv AvB‡bi AvIZvq †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| Gi
weiæ‡× †`‡ki gvbyl cÖwZev‡` †d‡U c‡i| niZvj cvwjZ nq| wgwQ‡ji
Dci ¸wj P‡j, 18 Rb wbnZ nq, eû †jvK AvnZ nq| Aciw`‡K 1957
mv‡j cÖwZwôZ fvlvbx b¨vkbvj AvIqvgx cvwU© `yÕfv‡M fvM n‡q hvq|
Pxbcš’x Ask fvmvbxi Awa‡b Avi Iqvjx Lvi †bZ…‡Z¡ ivwkqvcš’x|
BwZg‡a¨ wewfbœ cwjwUK¨vj cvwU© cvj©v‡g›U I †dWv‡ij miKv‡ii `vex‡Z
8 `dv cÖ¯Íve K‡i cvwK¯Ívb MYZvwš¿K Av‡›`vjb MVb K‡i| AvBqye Lvb
GB MYZvwš¿K `vex‡K MjvwU‡c nZ¨v Kivi Rb¨ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Mfb©i
†gvbv‡qg Lv †K wb‡q PµvšÍ K‡i| 34 Rb †bZv I †kL gywRe‡K cÖavb
Avmvgx K‡i AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv ïiæ K‡i| Zv‡Z AvBqye Lv‡bi
weiæ‡× Av‡›`vjb AviI ZxeªZi nq| 1969 mv‡j XvKvi AwaKvsk †bZviv
MYZvwš¿K msMÖvg cwil` MVb K‡i| QvÎiv MVb K‡i me©`jxq QvÎ msMÖvg
cwil`| Av‡›`vjb ZxeªZv jvf Ki‡j AvBqye Lvb mgm¨v mgvav‡b mKj
we‡ivax`jxq †bZv‡`i wb‡q GKwU ˆeVK Wv‡K 1jv †deæªqvwi 1969 mvj|
lohš¿ gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv nq| c‡ii w`b †kL gywRe I Ab¨vb¨
Avmvgx‡`i msea©bv †`Iqv nq| GB Abyôv‡b †kL gywRe‡K Ôe½eÜzÕ bv‡g
AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq| Avi Av‡›`vjb Pj‡Z _v‡K| cwiw¯’wZ cÖwZKzj †`‡L,
AbyK‚‡j Avmv mỳ i civnZ †`‡L AvBqye Lvb Bqvwnqv Lvb‡K ÿgZv w`‡q
cwjwU· †_‡K m‡i `vovb 25†k gvP© 1969|
Bqvwnqv ÿgZv MÖnY K‡i mvavib wbe©vP‡bi K_v †NvlYv K‡i 28†k
b‡f¤i^ 1969| cwjwUK¨vj Kg©Kv‡Ûi Ici †_‡K mg¯Í wewawb‡la Zz‡j
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 34

†bq 1jv Rvbyqvwi 1970| 1970 mv‡j 7B wW‡m¤^i wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq|
6 `dvi wfwˇZ wbe©vPb j‡o AvIqvgxjxM| c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi 169wU
Avm‡b AvIqvgxjxM cvq 167wU Avmb| cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi 144wU Avm‡b
fz‡Ævi wccj&m cvwU© cvq 88wU Avmb| †mB wn‡m‡e msL¨vMwiôZv AR©b
Ki AvIqvgxjxM| ZvB gš¿xcwil` MVb Kivi GLwZqvi AvIqvgxjx‡Mi|
ZvB AvIqvgxjx‡Mi nv‡Z ÿgZv †M‡j 6 `dv Kvh©Ki n‡e| Zv‡Z cwðg
cvwK¯Ívb †KŠwjb¨ nviv‡e Avi c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K †kvlb
Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| ZvB fzÆz Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi Kv‡a mIqvi nq| Avi e½eÜz
6 `dvq AUj _v‡K| Zv‡Z cwjwUK¨vj msK‡Ui m„wó nq| ïiæ nq RvZxq
cwil‡` emvi w`b wb‡q UvM Ae Iq¨vi| Bqvwnqv Lvb fzÆzi cÿ mg_©b
K‡i| Av‡›`vjb AviI †Rvi`vi nq| †`k wbqš¿Y nvwi‡q †d‡j| Kvib
e½eÜz 15B †deæªqvwi Awa‡ekb WvKvi K_v ej‡j fzÆz e‡j 3iv gvP©|
wKš‘ 1jv gvP© Bqvwnqv Lvb fzÆzi K_vq Awa‡ekb Awbw`ó© Kv‡ji Rb¨
¯’wMZ ivLvi K_v †NvlYv K‡i| G‡Z cwjwUK¨vj Ae¯’v RwUj n‡q
Av‡›`vjb i³v³ Ae¯’vq †gvo †bq| ZvB 2iv gvP© XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
Kjvfeb cÖv½‡b GK mfvq ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k cÖwZôvi kc_ MÖnY Kiv nq|
7B gvP© XvKv †mvnivIqv`x ©D`¨v‡b e½eÜz †NvlYv †`b ÔGev‡ii msMÖvg
gyw³i msMÖvg, Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg|Õ ZvB 8B gvP© †_‡K
msMÖvg Zxeª †_‡K ZxeªZi n‡q I‡V| 16B gvP© †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv e½eÜzi
mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvq e‡m| 23†k gvP© Bmjvgx cÖRvZš¿ w`e‡m XvKv
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi WvKmy-i QvÎiv cvwK¯Ívbx Puv`-Zviv cZvKvi cwie‡Z©
mey‡R-jvj Zv‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki gvbwPÎ LwPZ ¯^vaxb evsjvi cZvKv
D‡Ëvjb K‡ib| 25†k gvP© Bqvwnqv Lvb Av‡jvPbv mgvwß †NvlYv bv K‡i
XvKv Z¨vM K‡ib| Avi †mw`b †_‡K wbi¯¿ gvby‡li Dci mk¯¿
†mbvevwnbxi AZ¨vPvi ïiæ nq| e½eÜzmn A‡bK †bZv †MÖdZvi nq| GB
†MÖdZvi nIqvi c~‡e© e½eÜz KZ…©K ejv ¯^vaxbZv hy× Pvwj‡q hvIqvi
wb‡`©k msMÖn Kiv nq|
Zv c‡iiw`b ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K›`ª †_‡K cÖPvi Kiv nq| wbi¯¿ gvbyl
hy× K‡i mk¯¿ †mbv‡`i weiæ‡×| Pvi-cuvP gvm ci exi evOvjx
gyw³‡hv×viv wU‡K _vK‡j wgÎ evwnbx fviZxq ˆmwbKiv G‡m mn‡hvwMZv
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 35

K‡i| cv°v bÕ gvm ¯^vwaKvi hy× P‡j| jÿ jÿ evOvjxi i³ I Rxeb I
jÿ gv-†ev‡bi B¾‡Zi wewbg‡q AwR©Z nq ¯^vaxbZv|
w`bwU wQj 16B wW‡m¤^i 1971| GB 16B wW‡m¤^i 1971 G cvwK¯Ívb
†mbvevwnbxi AwabvqK wbqvRx I fviZ evsjv‡`k †hŠ_ evwnbxi AwabvqK
†Rbv‡ij RMwRZ wms A‡ivivi Kv‡Q AvZ¥mgc©‡bi gva¨‡g Rb¥ †bq
Avgv‡`i GB ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k| Zv‡Z cÖgvYxZ nq mgMÖ fvi‡Zi
gymjgvbiv agxq©fv‡e GK RvwZ bq| Avgiv ¯^vaxb njvg, wKš‘ Avgv‡`i
gyw³hy‡×i cÖvY cyiæl ¯^vaxbZvi ¯’cwZ e½eÜz bvB Avgv‡`i gv‡S| ZvB
Avgv‡`i GB gnvb gyw³hy‡×i wgÎkw³ fviZ I ivwkqv †Rvi Pvc m„wó
K‡i Avgv‡`i wcÖq †bZv we‡ki¦ cÖwZev`x KÉ e½eÜz †kL gywRe‡K evsjvq
wdwi‡q Av‡b 10B Rvbyqvwi| gyw³ †c‡jb wZwb 10B Rvbyqvwii 3w`b
c~‡e©| cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K jÛb, jÛb †_‡K w`jøx, Zvici XvKv| Dwb G‡m
†`‡ki †L‡U LvIqv gvby‡li `ỳ ©kv †`‡L, weªwUk I cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j Zv‡`i
Dcwb‡ewmK †kvl‡bi myweav‡_© hv GKUz Dbœqb n‡qwQj Zv me aŸsm n‡q
†M‡Q| GB bvRyK Ae¯’v †`‡L Kuv`‡jb| Ges †`k Movi Avi GK wm×všÍ
wb‡q bZzb ¯^vaxb iv‡óªi `vwqZ¡ wbR nv‡Z Zz‡j wb‡jb| †`k Mo‡Z
mK‡ji mn‡hvwMZvi cÖZ¨vkvq A‡bK hy×vcivax‡K ÿgv K‡i w`‡q evsjvi
gvbyl‡K fvjevmvi Avi GKwU `„óvšÍ ¯’vcb K‡i Dbœq‡bi c‡_ cv
evov‡jb| Avi evsjvi Avcvgi Rbmvavi‡bi ü`‡qi `c©‡b Dbvi mij
cÖwZ”Qwe †`L‡Z †c‡jb| Dwb †`k Kj¨v‡Yi `„wóf½x‡K ïay cwRwU‡fi
w`‡K ivLv‡Z †b‡MwUf cÿ AKj¨v‡Yi AÜKv‡i IZ †c‡Z Av‡Q Zv
eyS‡Z cv‡ibwb| Kvib Ibvi A‡bK †dBK wnZvKv•Lx wQj, Iiv g‡bcÖv‡Y
Dbvi mve©Rbxb MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv‡K Bl©v KiZ| Zviv Rbmvavib I Ibvi
gvSLv‡b GKwU †`qvj iPbv K‡i wb‡R‡`i Av‡Li wb‡q e¨¯Í wQj| Zv‡`i
ü`‡qi †Mvcb KzVzwi‡Z wQj †`k Mo–K bv MoK Zv‡Z Zv‡`i wK– - ïay
Zv‡`i nvjyqv-iæwU PvB| ZvB
¯^vaxbZvi wecÿ kw³ bZzb Rb¥v †`‡ki bvRyK Ae¯’vi my‡hvM nvZQvov
bvK‡i mijcÖvY gnvb †bZv e½eÜz‡K NvZ‡Ki gva¨‡g wbg©gfv‡e nZ¨v
K‡i| cÖgvY Kij Zviv Avgiv evOvjx gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq mg„×, Avevi
AK…ZÁ I e‡U| Avgiv mgwóMZ ¯^v‡_©i gv‡S jyKvwqZ e¨w³ ¯^v_© †`wL
bv- Avgiv mivmwi e¨w³ ¯^v_© †`wL| whwb RvwZ RvwZ K‡i Rxe‡bi 80
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 36

fvM mgq †R‡j KvwU‡q w`‡jb Zv‡K †`k Movi mgq bvw`‡q wPiwe`vq
K‡i wK wb®‹…wZ †cjvg, †`k I RvwZ KZUzKz GwM‡q †Mj| hviv e½eÜzi
gnvcÖ¯’vb NwU‡q ÿgZvq Avmj Zv‡`iI †mB ÿgZv 34 eQi ci Qvo‡Z
n‡jv| ZvB GLb Zv‡`i Aw¯ÍZ¡ wejyß nevi c‡_| Kvib ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨
e½eÜzi gZ GK mvMi Ae`vb bvB Zv‡`i, nq‡Zv Zv‡`i Ae`vb GK
Kjmx R‡ji mgvb| ejvevûj¨ Zviv e½eÜzi gZ gvby‡li fvjevmv AR©b
Ki‡Z cv‡iwb, Zviv ïay D‡o G‡m Ry‡o e‡mwQj| Zvi ïay e½eÜzi KwVb
Z¨vM‡K Ae‡njv AeÁv K‡i, e½eÜzi Qwei Dci Zv‡`i Qwe Ifvij¨vwcs
Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj| Zvnv Zviv cv‡iwb| †h‡nZz ¯‹zj Rxeb †_‡K cB cB
K‡i RvwZi ¯^v‡_© cwjwU· K‡i e½eÜz n‡q‡Qb, Bnv PviwULvwb K_v bq,
ZviciI Zviv e¨_© †Póv K‡iwQj| †hgb GK nvwZ bvwK GK eUe„‡ÿi
wb‡P ï‡q ï‡q ïo DwV‡q GKwU Wvjv bvwg‡q eUcvZv Lvw”Qj, GK QvMj
Zv †`‡L Bl©vwš^Z n‡q nvwZi wc‡Vi Dci D‡V eUcvZv †L‡Z jvM‡j nvwZ
Zv eyS‡Z †c‡i WvjvwU †Q‡o w`j| Avi QvMjwU Wv‡ji cvZv Kvgovb
Ae¯’vq Mv‡Q Sz‡j †Mj| GLb †m Avi Mv‡Qi cvZv Qvo‡ZI cv‡i bvÑ
Qvo‡jB c‡i hv‡e, Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q e½eÜzi 7B gv‡P©i †`Iqv wb‡`©k
h‡_ó| ZviciI ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv wb‡q †h evKweZÛv Zvnv GB iKg
QvM‡ji eUe„‡ÿ Sz‡j _vKvi gZ|
A÷ªvj †_‡K evOvwj I e½eÜz - 37