Barry Cunlife - The Scythians

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crossing the carpathians6.9 One of a pair of flagons found at Basse-Yutz, France. It dates to the early fourth century and is amasterpiece of Early Celtic art, no doubt made by local craftsmen influenced by the form of the Etruscanflagon, examples of which were being imported into Western Europe at this time. The style of the animalwhich forms the handle is strongly reminiscent of Scythian animal art. The use of scrolls on the forejointsand ears is a Scythian characteristic.161
crossing the carpathiansin its predatory ferocity and the way in which the ears and shoulder joints are turnedinto spirals. The flagon dates from the early fourth century when the Celtic bandsmigrating eastwards made their first contact with the descendants of the steppenomads living in the Carpathian Basin. These similarities were noted by early commentatorsbut more recently the literature on Celtic art has tended to downplay thepossibility of eastern inspiration in an attempt to give greater significance to Etruscaninfluence. Yet to an observer less enamoured with Mediterranean civilization theeastern contribution is unmistakable.At a more homely level there is the pottery vessel from Lábatlan in Hungary, a vesselin the La Tène tradition but decorated with a scene of predation with two wolf-likecreatures bringing low a deer. For all its crude simplicity it is a motif taken directlyfrom the more sophisticated Scythian repertoire.Another construct common to the Scythian and Celtic worlds are pairs of beasts—mirror images of each other—in close confrontation. This is a motif well representedin the wood carvings decorating harnesses from the Pazyryk. In the Celtic world‘dragon-pairs’ were a favoured decoration for the top of sword scabbards and, whilethey do sometimes dissolve into palmette patterns of Mediterranean inspiration,6.10 A scene decorating a pottery 6.10 vessel from Lábatlan, Hungary. The vessel is of a type used by theimmigrant Celts but the image of a deer being attacked by predators is highly reminiscent of Scythian art.6.11 (Opposite top) Wooden pendant from Pazyryk, kurgan 1, showing twodeer face to face, a common motif in Scythian art.6.12 (Opposite bottom) Two facing deer carved from wood from a ritual shaft of the La Tène period atFellbach-Schmiden, Germany.162
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the scythians
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Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, ox2
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prefacehistory exploring, with undi
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contentsviii
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discovering the scythiansinterest i
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discovering the scythians1.3 Peter
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discovering the scythiansmounds to
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discovering the scythiansÂantiquit
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discovering the scythians1.7 The ex
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discovering the scythians1.9 (Oppos
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discovering the scythiansKuban regi
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discovering the scythiansNChulymKur
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discovering the scythians1.16 The e
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After the Revolutiondiscovering the
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discovering the scythiansLate Bronz
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discovering the scythians1.18 The g
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discovering the scythiansin 1986-90
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the scythians as others saw themlan
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the scythians as others saw themScy
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the scythians as others saw themThe
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the scythians as others saw themGre
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the scythians as others saw themwou
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Mediterranean Sea0 500 milesPersian
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the scythians as others saw themAlt
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the scythians as others saw themtha
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the scythians as others saw themaud
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the scythians as others saw themcra
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the scythians as others saw themBey
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the scythians as others saw themwer
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the scythians as others saw themsee
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the scythians as others saw them2.1
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the scythians as others saw themset
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landscapes with people3.1 The lands
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landscapes with peopleThe steppe zo
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landscapes with peopletwo severe wi
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SeretBugDnieperlandscapes with peop
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landscapes with peopleSufficient wi
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landscapes with peopleMore direct e
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landscapes with peopleSrubnayaAndro
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landscapes with peopleskeletons fro
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landscapes with peopleAlongside the
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landscapes with people3.11 The elab
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landscapes with peopleBroadly conte
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predatory nomadshave tended to be i
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predatory nomads0Relative temperatu
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predatory nomads4.4 Tagar period br
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predatory nomads4.8 Bronze plaque i
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Deer stones (Olenniye Kami)Nsna iEl
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4.13 Plan and section of the Arzhan
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predatory nomads4.16 Bronze plaque
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predatory nomadsThe astonishing dis
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predatory nomadsan isolated later i
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Dnieperpredatory nomadssion no surp
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predatory nomadsbecoming the domina
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predatory nomadsies which concentra
Page 120 and 121: 5THE RISE OF THE PONTICSTEPPE SCYTH
Page 122 and 123: the rise of the pontic steppe scyth
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Page 157 and 158: crossing the carpathians6.1 Satelli
Page 159 and 160: crossing the carpathianslar materia
Page 161 and 162: crossing the carpathiansTransylvani
Page 163 and 164: DanubeOdercrossing the carpathiansB
Page 165 and 166: crossing the carpathiansnomads woul
Page 167 and 168: crossing the carpathians6.8 Large g
Page 169: crossing the carpathiansIt is not s
Page 174 and 175: crossing the carpathians6.14 Detail
Page 176: crossing the carpathians6.16 Wooden
Page 179 and 180: scythians in central asiaThere is,
Page 181 and 182: scythians in central asiaAchaemenid
Page 183 and 184: 7.4 Carpet made from knotted woolle
Page 185 and 186: scythians in central asiaIn another
Page 187 and 188: scythians in central asiawere proba
Page 189 and 190: scythians in central asiaAncient ri
Page 191 and 192: scythians in central asiaCemeteries
Page 193 and 194: scythians in central asia7.11 Recon
Page 195 and 196: A l tscythians in central asiaOb’
Page 197 and 198: 7.16 Kurgan 5 at Pazyryk as it now
Page 199 and 200: scythians in central asiaby several
Page 201 and 202: scythians in central asia7.20 Recon
Page 203 and 204: scythians in central asiafrom the t
Page 205 and 206: scythians in central asiaChina duri
Page 208 and 209: 8BODIES CLOTHEDIN SKINSDifferent ob
Page 210 and 211: bodies clothed in skinsmuch we can
Page 212 and 213: bodies clothed in skins8.2 Silver v
Page 214 and 215: bodies clothed in skinsleather, ano
Page 216: bodies clothed in skinsfelt legging
Page 219 and 220: bodies clothed in skinstight-fittin
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bodies clothed in skins8.10 Petrogl
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bodies clothed in skins8.12 Bronze
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bodies clothed in skinsits delicacy
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bodies clothed in skins8.15 Plaque
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bodies clothed in skinsThis usually
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bodies clothed in skinsThe large he
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bodies clothed in skins8.20 Man pla
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9BENDING THE BOWOne of the characte
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bending the bowtheir bodies with a
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bending the bow9.1a/b Two scenes fr
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bending the bow9.4 Saddle cover fro
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bending the bowA Pazyryk horse comp
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bending the bow9.9 The Scythian bow
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bending the bowParthians—the Part
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bending the bow9.15 (Right) The sil
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bending the bow9.18 Iron battleaxe
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bending the bowon the Gaymanova mog
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bending the bowof such intricacy wo
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bending the bowmake them more comfo
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bending the bowThe burial is remark
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bending the bowbare-headed foot sol
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bending the bowRealizing at the out
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bending the bowtime to time with th
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bending the bow9.28 Detail from a g
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bending the bowthe introduction of
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of gods, beliefs, and artof the sch
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of gods, beliefs, and arthearth. Th
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of gods, beliefs, and artwould have
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of gods, beliefs, and artsacred gol
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of gods, beliefs, and art10.2 (Left
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of gods, beliefs, and artImages of
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of gods, beliefs, and art10.8 Gilde
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of gods, beliefs, and art10.10 Deta
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of gods, beliefs, and art10.13 Gold
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of gods, beliefs, and art10.14 Petr
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of gods, beliefs, and art10.20 Deta
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of gods, beliefs, and art10.22 Leat
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11THE WAY OF DEATHDuring the human
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the way of deathtism. Another backw
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the way of deaththis is clearly not
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the way of deathThe ProcessionsIn t
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the way of death11.3 (Right) Kurgan
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the way of death11.5 Kurgan 4 at Pa
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shaft 1the way of deathTOLSTAYA MOG
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the way of death11.8 The Elizavetin
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the way of deathIn relishing the de
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the way of deathThe Massagetae had
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scythians in the longue duréetion
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A l176 -160 bcYuezhi 140 -135 bcSak
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scythians in the longue durée12.2
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scythians in the longue duréeBospo
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scythians in the longue duréeOn tw
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scythians in the longue duréeAs th
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scythians in the longue duréeunend
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SNVolgaUralAlans c.370Hun area of s
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gallery of objects
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1 The Kul’-Oba gold beakergallery
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2 Chastye Kurgany beakergallery of
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3 Gaymonova mogila cupgallery of ob
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4 Solokha cupgallery of objects(Sta
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5 Solokha combgallery of objects(St
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6 Perederiieva mogila helmetgallery
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7 Solokha gorytosgallery of objects
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8 Sachnovka diademgallery of object
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9 Tolstaya mogila pectoralgallery o
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10 The Chertomlÿk amphoragallery o
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timeline
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Asia Minor Central Asia Altai-Sayan
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scythian kings and dynastiesDynasti
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further readingClassical TextsIn th
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further reading116-47. The creation
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further readingArchaeology’, Worl
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further readingwriters as ‘noble
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further readingThe impact of horse-
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further reading7 (2001), 307-39 he
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further reading2007), 135-44 and in
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further reading(pp. 368-70). These
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further reading‘Tuva during the S
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further reading(Cambridge, 2011), 7
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further readingScythes (Hérodote 4
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further readingobryadnost’ nasele
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illustr ation sourcesMaps were prod
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illustration sources5.7 Author: mul
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illustration sourcesКаталог
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INDEXNote: numbers in bold refer to
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coiled feline motif, Scythian 284-5
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bone cheek pieces, Karasukperiod 77
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wall hanging 213, 243, 280, 280wool
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horse burials, Arzhan 1 95-8horse g
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Barry Cunlife - The Scythians

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