Bartolucci et al. 2018_An updated checklist of the vascular flora native to Italy

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Plant Biosystems – An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 2018VOL. 152, NO. 2, 179–303https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2017.1419996An updated checklist of the vascular flora native to ItalyF. Bartolucci a‡ , L. Peruzzi b‡ , G. Galasso c‡ , A. Albano d , A. Alessandrini e , N. M. G. Ardenghi f , G. Astuti b ,G. Bacchetta g , S. Ballelli h , E. Banfi c , G. Barberis i , L. Bernardo j , D. Bouvet k , M. Bovio l , L. Cecchi m , R. Di Pietro n ,G. Domina o , S. Fascetti p , G. Fenu g , F. Festi q , B. Foggi r , L. Gallo s , G. Gottschlich t , L. Gubellini u , D. Iamonico n ,M. Iberite v , P. Jiménez-Mejías w , E. Lattanzi v , D. Marchetti x , E. Martinetto y , R. R. Masin z , P. Medagli d , N. G. Passalacqua aa ,S. Peccenini i , R. Pennesi ab , B. Pierini b , L. Poldini ab , F. Prosser q , F. M. Raimondo ac , F. Roma-Marzio b , L. Rosati p ,A. Santangelo ad , A. Scoppola ae , S. Scortegagna af , A. Selvaggi ag , F. Selvi ah , A. Soldano ai , A. Stinca aj ,R. P. Wagensommer ak , T. Wilhalm al and F. Conti a‡aScuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Camerino – Centro Ricerche Floristiche dell’Appennino, Parco Nazionale del Gran Sasso eMonti della Laga, L’Aquila, Italy; b Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Botanica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy; c Sezione di Botanica, Museo di Storia Naturaledi Milano, Milano, Italy; d Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy; e Istituto Beni CulturaliRegione Emilia–Romagna, Bologna, Italy; f Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; g Centro ConservazioneBiodiversità (CCB), Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente (DISVA), Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; h Scuola di Bioscienze eMedicina Veterinaria, Università di Camerino, Camerino, Italy; i Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e della Vita, Università di Genova,Genova, Italy; j Dipartimento DiBEST, Università della Calabria, Cosenza, Italy; k Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi (DBIOS),Università di Torino, Torino, Italy; l Comitato Scientifico, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali “Efisio Noussan”, Aosta, Italy; m Sezione di Botanica “FilippoParlatore”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Museo di Storia Naturale, Firenze, Italy; n Dipartimento PDTA, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Roma,Italy; o Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy; p Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari edAmbientali, Università della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy; q Fondazione Museo Civico di Rovereto, Trento, Italy; r Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze,Firenze, Italy; s Strada Val San Martino sup., Torino, Italy; t Hermann-Kurz Strasse, Tübingen, Germany; u Centro Ricerche Floristiche Marche, Pesaro, Italy;vDipartimento di Biologia ambientale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Roma, Italy; w National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,Washington, DC, USA; x Via Isonzo, Massa, Italy; y Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy; z Via Regazzoni Bassa, Padova, Italy;aaMuseo di Storia Naturale della Calabria ed Orto Botanico, Università della Calabria, Cosenza, Italy; ab Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università diTrieste, Trieste, Italy; ac Dipartimento STEBICEF/Sezione di Botanica ed Ecologia vegetale, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy; ad Diparimento di Biologia,Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy; ae Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali (DAFNE), Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy;afVia Europa Unita, Schio, Italy; ag Istituto per le Piante da Legno e l’Ambiente (IPLA), Torino, Italy; ah Laboratori di Botanica, Dipartimento di Scienzedelle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell’Ambiente, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy; ai Largo Brigata Cagliari, Vercelli, Italy; aj Dipartimento di Scienzee Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy; ak Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia eBiotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy; al Museo di Scienze Naturali dell’Alto Adige, Bolzano, ItalyABSTRACTAn updated inventory of the native vascular flora of Italy, providing details on the occurrence at regionallevel, is presented. The checklist includes 8195 taxa (6417 species and 1778 subspecies), distributed in1092 genera and 152 families; 23 taxa are lycophytes, 108 ferns and fern allies, 30 gymnosperms and 8034angiosperms. The taxa currently occurring in Italy are 7483, while 568 taxa have not been confirmed inrecent times, 99 are doubtfully occurring in the country and 19 are data deficient. Out of the 568 notconfirmed taxa, 26 are considered extinct or possibly extinct.ARTICLE HISTORYReceived 28 November 2017Accepted 19 December 2017KEYWORDSEndemism; floristic diversity;Italy; Mediterranean flora;taxonomyIntroductionThe last comprehensive checklist of the Italian vascular flora ofnative (including archaeophytes) and non-native establishedtaxa was published 12 years ago, and included 7634 specificand subspecific taxa, of which 782 non-native (Conti et al.2005), albeit these numbers were slightly modified by Contiet al. (2007). More recently, an inventory of alien (casual, naturalizedand invasive taxa) and cryptogenic vascular flora to Italy,including archaeophytes and neophytes, listed 1023 speciesand subspecies, of which 103 archaeophytes and 920 neophytes(Celesti-Grapow et al. 2009).However, in the last years, there has been substantial progressin systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature and alien plant invasionresearch. Several new floristic and taxonomic data for Italy havebeen published in regional floras, local floristic contributions,taxonomic reviews and in the scientific reports published by theworking group for Floristics, Systematics and Evolution of theItalian Botanical Society (e.g. Alessandrini et al. 2017; Bartolucci etCONTACT F. Bartolucci fabrizio.bartolucci@unicam.it, fabrizio.bartolucci@gmail.com‡These authors equally contributed to the paperSupplemental data for this article can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2017.1419996© 2018 Società Botanica ItalianaPublished online 08 Feb 2018
180 F. BARTOLUCCI ET AL.al. 2017a, 2017b; Rosati et al. 2017). Furthermore, many taxa havebeen recently described for Italy as new to science (e.g. Bacchettaet al. 2012a, 2012b; Melai et al. 2012; Peruzzi and Gestri 2013;Troìa and Azzella 2013; Peccenini and Polatschek 2014; Dominaand Soldano 2015; Brullo et al. 2015b; Peccenini and Polatschek2016; Conti and Bartolucci 2017). Therefore, there is a need of anew checklist to summarize the current state of the floristic andtaxonomic knowledge of the Italian vascular flora.In this context, we thought appropriate to publish twoseparate inventories: the present work, concerning only thenative (including cryptogenic or doubfully native) vascular flora(Bartolucci et al. 2016c), and a second one concerning only thealien taxa (archaeophytes and neophytes) (Galasso et al. 2016a).This checklist is the result of a collective effort, thanks to thevoluntary collaboration of many researchers who, as regionalor taxonomic advisers (see Appendix S1 in supplementarymaterial for details), have contributed to filling gaps in distributionor clarifying systematic and nomenclatural issues. Thisalso served as a basis for an inventory of endemic taxa of Italy(Peruzzi et al. 2014a, 2015a), for the project “Italian Loci ClassiciCensus” (Domina et al. 2012; Passalacqua et al. 2014; Peruzzi et al.2015b; Brundu et al. 2017), for the revised Red List of Italian vascularplants (Rossi et al. 2013, 2014, 2016) and for the updatedchecklist of the Italian plants listed in the Habitat Directive (Fenuet al. 2017).The aim of this contribution is to provide an updated inventoryof the native vascular flora of Italy, to serve as a taxonomic andnomenclatural basis for botanical research and to promote newfloristic investigations and biosystematic studies.Materials and methodsStarting from “An annotated checklist of the Italian vascularflora” (Conti et al. 2005, 2007), the nomenclature of specific andsubspecific taxa was updated and critically checked accordingto more recent studies. In addition, numerous protologuesand the following taxonomic databases were consulted: IPNI(2012 onwards), The Plant List (2013 onwards), Euro+Med (2006onwards) and Tropicos (2017).The systematic order and taxonomic circumscription of thefamilies follow the classification proposed by PPG I (2016) for fernsand fern allies, by Christenhusz et al. (2011) for gymnospermsand by APG IV (2016) for angiosperms, with the exception ofDipsacales (Reveal 2011), Caryophyllales (Hernández-Ledesmaet al. 2015) and Boraginales (Luebert et al. 2016). The authorcitations of plant names were standardized following the Rec.46A Note 1 of the ICN (McNeill et al. 2012), i.e. according toIPNI (2012 onwards). The checklist includes also apomictic taxabelonging to Alchemilla and Rubus (Rosaceae), Hieracium, Pilosellaand Taraxacum (Asteraceae), and Ranunculus auricomus group(Ranunculaceae). Taxa at varietal rank and hybrids were notconsidered.The distribution of specific and subspecific taxa at regionalscale was updated based on new data published in the period2005–2015 in the column “Notulae alla checklist della flora vascolareitaliana” (Informatore Botanico Italiano), which recentlybecame “Notulae to the Italian native vascular Flora” (BartolucciTable 1. Most represented families (≥50 taxa) and genera (≥40 taxa) of the Italiannative vascular flora.Families Taxa Genera TaxaAsteraceae 2202 Hieracium 1167Poaceae 550 Taraxacum 154Fabaceae 495 Carex 126Caryophyllaceae 359 Centaurea 116Brassicaceae 333 Limonium 111Rosaceae 312 Ranunculus 110Apiaceae 263 Ophrys 103Lamiaceae 240 Pilosella 100Orchidaceae 236 Alchemilla 95Ranunculaceae 231 Silene 87Cyperaceae 187 Festuca 83Plantaginaceae 160 Trifolium 81Orobanchaceae 140 Allium 69Plumbaginaceae 135 Saxifraga 66Boraginaceae 115 Euphorbia 62Campanulaceae 99 Galium 59Rubiaceae 95 Campanula 58Amaryllidaceae 93 Viola 56Primulaceae 80 Dianthus 53Asparagaceae 76 Vicia 53Juncaceae 71 Astragalus 45Saxifragaceae 69 Genista 45Gentianaceae 68 Potentilla 45Euphorbiaceae 67 Veronica 44Chenopodiaceae 62 Crepis 43Dipsacaceae 62 Salix 43Crassulaceae 61 Rosa 42Polygonaceae 60 Cerastium 40Iridaceae 58 Juncus 40Violaceae 56Cistaceae 55Table 2. Most represented families (≥20 taxa) and genera (≥15 taxa) of the Italianendemic vascular flora.Families Taxa Genera TaxaAsteraceae 582 Hieracium 337Plumbaginaceae 117 Limonium 98Caryophyllaceae 97 Centaurea 73Orchidaceae 87 Ophrys 61Fabaceae 80 Ranunculus 37Brassicaceae 78 Taraxacum 33Poaceae 65 Genista 29Ranunculaceae 60 Silene 29Rosaceae 40 Dianthus 28Apiaceae 39 Allium 25Lamiaceae 38 Viola 20Boraginaceae 34 Campanula 19Amaryllidaceae 29 Armeria 17Rubiaceae 28 Festuca 17Campanulaceae 26 Saxifraga 17Plantaginaceae 24 Astragalus 16Iridaceae 23 Erysimum 16Orobanchaceae 20 Epipactis 15Violaceae 20 Pilosella 15et al. 2016a, 2016b, 2017a, 2017b), and on floristic contributionsand taxonomic reviews.For Italian endemic taxa, we referred to the recent inventoryproposed by Peruzzi et al. (2014a), which is continuouslyupdated (see http://goo.gl/x8QL4J). According to these authors,the “Italian endemic” status was attributed to those taxa occurringonly in Italy, or in Italy and Corsica (France) or in Italy and Malta.
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