<strong>Runcorn</strong> is an industrial town and cargo port in the Borough of Halton in Cheshire, England. Its population in 2011 was 61,789. The town is in the southeast of the Liverpool City Region on the southern bank of the River Mersey where the estuary narrows to form the <strong>Runcorn</strong> Gap. To the north across the River Mersey is Widnes, with Warrington 7 miles (11 km) to the northeast and Liverpool 11 miles (18 km) to the northwest. <strong>Runcorn</strong> was founded by Ethelfleda in 915 AD as a fortification to guard against Viking invasion at a narrowing of the River Mersey. Under Norman rule, <strong>Runcorn</strong> fell under the Barony of Halton and an Augustinian abbey was established here in 1115. It remained a small, isolated settlement until the Industrial Revolution when the extension of the Bridgewater Canal to <strong>Runcorn</strong> in 1776 established it as a port which would link Liverpool with inland Manchester and Staffordshire. The docks enabled the growth of industry, initially shipwrights and sandstone quarries. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, it was a spa and health resort but this ended with the growth of polluting industries, especially soap and chemical works. In 1964, <strong>Runcorn</strong> was designated a new town and expanded eastward, swallowing neighbouring settlements and more than doubling its population. Three bridges span the River Mersey and the Manchester Ship Canal at <strong>Runcorn</strong>: the Silver Jubilee Bridge, Mersey Gateway, and <strong>Runcorn</strong> Railway Bridge. Its location between Liverpool and Manchester and its links to the rail, motorway and canal networks have made it a centre for logistics, manufacturing, energy, and wholesale and retail. The town's motto is Navem Mercibus Implere (Latin for "fill the ship with goods"), a classical quotation from Juvenal. Location <strong>Runcorn</strong> is situated on a spur projecting into the River Mersey, which flows to the north and then to the west of the town. On the north bank of the river is another spur forming the West Bank area of Widnes; together these form <strong>Runcorn</strong> Gap, a narrowing of the River Mersey. <strong>Runcorn</strong> Gap is crossed by three bridges: <strong>Runcorn</strong> Railway Bridge (which carries the Liverpool branch of the West Coast Main Line), the Silver Jubilee Bridge and the Mersey Gateway which carries the A533. To the south of the town is the River Weaver and the Weston Canal. Both open into the Manchester Ship Canal. To the southeast of the town runs the M56 motorway, the Chester–Manchester railway line, and the main branch of the West Coast Main Line. The town has a system of "expressways", roads designed to divert traffic away from the residential areas, which form a figure of 8 around the town. The Central Expressway runs through the centre of the town in a north-south direction and is the main through-road. To the west of the Central Expressway lie most of the former settlements which formed the older part of the town, namely <strong>Runcorn</strong>, Higher <strong>Runcorn</strong>, Weston, Weston Point and Clifton (formerly Rocksavage), and the new town areas of Halton Brook and Halton Lodge. To the east are the village of Halton, the old settlements of Norton and Stockham, and the new town areas of Castlefields, Palacefields, Windmill Hill, Murdishaw, Brookvale, Hallwood Park and Sandymoor.
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