EasyCroatian_r47.an
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 13 She Loves Me: Pronouns and Properes 80 / 600Gladna si. You’re hungry. (female)In nominative plural, adjectives get ending -i in the masculine gender, for mixed-sexgroups, but also in all polite sentences, regardless of the real gender of personyou’re addressing:Gladni ste. (all-male group)Gladni ste. (mixed group)Gladni ste. (politely to one person, male or female)All sentences above, of course, translate to English as just you’re hungry. Feminineplural adjectives get -e in nominative; it’s used only for groups where all membershave feminine gender:Gladne ste. (all-female group)The same rule works for 1st person plural (we are) where the personal pronoun is miand the verb to be has the following form:biti (je² +) be → pres-1pl smo²(This is an exception to the rule that pres-1pl is simply pres-1 + o.)For instance:Umorni smo. We’re tired. (all-male group)Umorni smo. (mixed group)Umorne smo. (all-female group)________® In Serbia and usually in Bosnia, the accusative form ju² is used only if there’s thepres-3 form je² in the same sentence.In Serbia, instead of profesorica and studentica, profesorka and studentkinjaprevail, but učiteljica is used everywhere.In Montenegro, negative present tense forms of the verb biti (je² +) be have alwaysnije-, i.e. nijesam, nijesi etc., but the 3rd pers. is just nije.• Something Possibly InterestingIt’s not a coincidence that Croatian words ja and me are similar to their Englishcounterparts I and me: English and Croatian are distant cousins. Even more similarare Latin 1st and 2nd pronouns in A – they’re almost identical to Croatian ones:pers. A (sg.) A (pl.)1st mē nōs2nd tē vōs(This can help you remember Croatian pronouns if you already know Latin, and help
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 13 She Loves Me: Pronouns and Properes 81 / 600you learn Latin pronouns if you know Croatian and decide to learn Latin one day.)But it’s surprising how many languages in Europe and Asia have first pers. pronounsstarting with m- and 2nd person with t-. You can find more in this map in the WorldAtlas of Language Structures: M-T Pronouns.The particle se² comes historically from a pronoun in A.Second-position pronouns are pronounced with the word before them, but spelledas separate words. It means čeka te he/she’s waiting for you is pronounced exactlythe same as čekate you (guys) are waiting. Therefore, some people will mix them upin spelling, usually spelling verb endings as separate words, since they are taught thatspelling separate words together is a mistake. Be prepared.• ExerciseFill in the missing words:Vidim ______(a). I can see her.Ne __________(b) ______(c). I can’t hear you. (with respect, to someone you’re notfamiliar with)______(d) ________(e) voli. She loves me.Vidim ______(f). I see it. (it = the train)Ne __________________(g) ______(h). I don’t know him.Ana ______(i) ______(j) voli. Ana doesn’t love him.__________(k) ______(l). We’re waiting for you. (a single person familiar with)Vozim ______(m) ______(n) __________(o). I’m driving you (guys) to the seaside.____(p) je __________________(q). She’s a professor.______(r) ______________(s). You’re not thirsty. (to a female)______(t) ______(u) još __________(v). We’re still young. (all-male or mixed group)Check answers here.
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 13 She Loves Me: Pronouns and Properes 80 / 600
Gladna si. You’re hungry. (female)
In nominative plural, adjectives get ending -i in the masculine gender, for mixed-sex
groups, but also in all polite sentences, regardless of the real gender of person
you’re addressing:
Gladni ste. (all-male group)
Gladni ste. (mixed group)
Gladni ste. (politely to one person, male or female)
All sentences above, of course, translate to English as just you’re hungry. Feminine
plural adjectives get -e in nominative; it’s used only for groups where all members
have feminine gender:
Gladne ste. (all-female group)
The same rule works for 1st person plural (we are) where the personal pronoun is mi
and the verb to be has the following form:
biti (je² +) be → pres-1pl smo²
(This is an exception to the rule that pres-1pl is simply pres-1 + o.)
For instance:
Umorni smo. We’re tired. (all-male group)
Umorni smo. (mixed group)
Umorne smo. (all-female group)
________
® In Serbia and usually in Bosnia, the accusative form ju² is used only if there’s the
pres-3 form je² in the same sentence.
In Serbia, instead of profesorica and studentica, profesorka and studentkinja
prevail, but učiteljica is used everywhere.
In Montenegro, negative present tense forms of the verb biti (je² +) be have always
nije-, i.e. nijesam, nijesi etc., but the 3rd pers. is just nije.
• Something Possibly Interesting
It’s not a coincidence that Croatian words ja and me are similar to their English
counterparts I and me: English and Croatian are distant cousins. Even more similar
are Latin 1st and 2nd pronouns in A – they’re almost identical to Croatian ones:
pers. A (sg.) A (pl.)
1st mē nōs
2nd tē vōs
(This can help you remember Croatian pronouns if you already know Latin, and help
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