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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 13 She Loves Me: Pronouns and Properes 76 / 60013 She Loves Me: Pronouns and PropertiesLet me introduce more pronouns and continue with uses of adjectives and of theverb biti (je² +) be.We have learned some personal pronouns (ti, vi, on...) but not all. Also, we’ve seenonly their subject forms, i.e. the nominative case. What if we want to use pronounsas objects? What if we want to say I am? How to say I love you? How to say sheloves me?As in English, the forms of pronouns are not regular and have to be learned.Fortunately, they are not too complicated (and two of them are similar to Englishpronouns). Here are the forms for the first two persons (I, you, we):singular pluralpers. N A N A1st ja me² mi nas²2nd ti te² vi vas²To help you learn various forms of pronouns, they will be underlined with a paleblue line, and information about them will be printed on the right margin (e.g. 2 =2nd person, 2pl = 2nd person plural, 3f = 3rd person, feminine gender).Like the word se², personal pronouns in accusative must be put to the secondposition in a sentence (check 7 Verbs with Obligatory Objects.) For example:Ana¹ me² čeka. Ana is waiting for me.1As usual, the second position should not be understood mechanically. Two or morewords, if they form a phrase, can occupy the first position. It’s normal to say:Moj prijatelj¹ te² čeka. My friend is waiting for you.2(I’ll explain the possessive adjective moj my in the next chapter. It’s a bit special, e.g.it never gets an -i in masc.)Again, you’ll find sometimes in books and newspapers that the second position isforced, even splitting combinations adjective + noun. That’s never used in speech(except maybe in very formal speeches, e.g. in the news on the public radio, or insome rural areas):Moj¹ te² prijatelj čeka. (the same meaning, very formal, in writing)2Then, of course, there’s the famous example:Volim te. I love you. (to someone you’re familiar with)2As I’ve already explained, Croatian vi/vas stands both for plural (y’all, you guys) andrespect (you sir/madam). The second use is usually distinguished by using a capital V
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 13 She Loves Me: Pronouns and Properes 77 / 600in writing:Ana vas čeka. Ana is waiting for you (guys).Ana Vas čeka. Ana is waiting for you (sir/madam).(There are also longer, ‘stressed’ forms of personal pronouns, but they are used onlyin specific circumstances, and will be introduced later.)And here are the forms in the 3rd person singular (he, she, it):3rd personN Afem. ona je² / ju²neut. onomasc. on ga²As you can see, the 3rd person accusative pronouns have one form for all gendersexcept the feminine. You’ll see that pronouns have much fewer forms than you havemaybe expected. For example:Volim ga. I love him/it. (depending on the context)3m/nOna ga ne poznaje. She doesn’t know him/it. (depending on the 3m/n | poznavaticontext)The accusative case of ona she has two forms which are used interchangeably ®.For example, if you’re talking about a knjiga book – a feminine noun – both areacceptable and used:Čitam je. I’m reading it. (lit. ‘reading her’)3fČitam ju. (the same meaning)3f(Since the form of pronoun je² coincides with the pres-3 of biti (je² +) be, it’savoided when the verbal je² appears in the same sentence; we’ll see such sentencesa bit later).Pay attention: the noun knjiga book is feminine. The same goes for voda waterand kuća house. And the same goes for noć night and obitelj family. You have touse feminine pronouns (ona, ju², je²) when referring to them, as you would usefor your sister.Likewise, nož knife and auto (aut-) car are masculine nouns. You have to usesame pronouns to talk about a knife, a car and your brother.Pronouns are often used to describe what something is. Both what’s described andthe description should be in the default, dictionary form – the nominative case. Forexample:Ivan je student. Ivan is a (university) student.2pl2pl
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 13 She Loves Me: Pronouns and Properes 77 / 600
in writing:
Ana vas čeka. Ana is waiting for you (guys).
Ana Vas čeka. Ana is waiting for you (sir/madam).
(There are also longer, ‘stressed’ forms of personal pronouns, but they are used only
in specific circumstances, and will be introduced later.)
And here are the forms in the 3rd person singular (he, she, it):
3rd person
N A
fem. ona je² / ju²
neut. ono
masc. on ga²
As you can see, the 3rd person accusative pronouns have one form for all genders
except the feminine. You’ll see that pronouns have much fewer forms than you have
maybe expected. For example:
Volim ga. I love him/it. (depending on the context)
3m/n
Ona ga ne poznaje. She doesn’t know him/it. (depending on the 3m/n | poznavati
context)
The accusative case of ona she has two forms which are used interchangeably ®.
For example, if you’re talking about a knjiga book – a feminine noun – both are
acceptable and used:
Čitam je. I’m reading it. (lit. ‘reading her’)
3f
Čitam ju. (the same meaning)
3f
(Since the form of pronoun je² coincides with the pres-3 of biti (je² +) be, it’s
avoided when the verbal je² appears in the same sentence; we’ll see such sentences
a bit later).
Pay attention: the noun knjiga book is feminine. The same goes for voda water
and kuća house. And the same goes for noć night and obitelj family. You have to
use feminine pronouns (ona, ju², je²) when referring to them, as you would use
for your sister.
Likewise, nož knife and auto (aut-) car are masculine nouns. You have to use
same pronouns to talk about a knife, a car and your brother.
Pronouns are often used to describe what something is. Both what’s described and
the description should be in the default, dictionary form – the nominative case. For
example:
Ivan je student. Ivan is a (university) student.
2pl
2pl
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