EasyCroatian_r47.an

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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A9 Bosnian, Serbian and Montenegrin 532 / 600Croatian Serbianpisat ću pisaću писаћуjest ću ješću јешћуreći ću reći ću рећи ћуThis is, however, merely a spelling convention: the words ću², ćeš² are secondpositionwords; therefore, Serbian words like pisaću are limited to the 1st positionin a sentence! They are usually listed as separate verb forms in Serbian grammars.Ekavian ‘Pronunciation’As I have already mentioned, there are three common ‘pronunciations’: Ijekavian,Ikavian and Ekavian (there are more in various dialects, but these three prevail inpublic). The name is misleading, since the difference is visible in spelling as well. Thebasic difference is: where Standard Croatian has Ijekavian mlijeko, Ikavian hasmliko and Ekavian mleko for milk.People usually associate Ekavian (mleko, pesma) and not Ijekavian (mlijeko,pjesma) with Serbian, but it’s not really true, since Serbs use both as standard: mostSerbs outside of Serbia (e.g. Bosnia, Croatia and Montenegro) use Ijekavian, andSerbs in most of Serbia, including Belgrade, use only Ekavian. You can find both inSerbian newspapers, but Ekavian clearly dominates. (The Serbian Standard is muchless strict than Croatian, there is a bigger choice of ‘acceptable’ variants.)If you find a ‘dictionary of differences’ listing bijeli as ‘Croatian’ vs. beli as ‘Serbian’you can immediately conclude it’s oversimplifying things.There’s a tradition of playing down differences between Ekavian and Ijekavian: mostpeople, especially in Serbia, are used to hear and read both (but they can write andspeak only Ekavian). However, Ekavian forms are not completely trivial – theycannot be completely obtained from (Standard Croatian) Ijekavian forms, andIjekavian forms cannot be obtained at all from Ekavian. For example, there are somewords where Ekavian has e, in comparison to Ijekavian i, like in these commonverbs:verb Ijekavian Ekavianheat grijati (grije) grejati (greje)laugh smijati (smije) se² smejati (smeje) se²hate mrziti mrzeti (mrzi)sit sjediti sedeti (sedi)be worth vrijediti vredeti (vredi)These differences are sometimes surprising to native speakers as well: very few
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A9 Bosnian, Serbian and Montenegrin 533 / 600people in Croatia would guess the forms mrzeti and vredeti. Different verbs have tobe learned: the verb brijati (brije) shave has the same form in both ‘pronunciations’,while grijati (grije) heat doesn’t. The verb sjediti shows the expected je vs. e in the1st syllable, besides the unexpected i vs. e in the second one (the same holds forvrijediti). Therefore, Ekavian forms of these verbs turn out to be more complicated.However, the verb vidjeti and similar ones, including razumjeti, are much simpler inEkavian: their past forms are always regular, and verbs like razumjeti are plain verbsin Ekavian, all forms regularly derived from the inf:verb Ijekavian Ekavianwant htjeti (hoće +, htio, htjela) hteti (hoće +)see vidjeti (vidi, vidio, vidjela) videti (vidi)understand razumjeti (razumije,...) razumetimay smjeti (smije, smio, smijela) smetiThe Ekavian verbs razumeti and smeti have a specific ending in pres-3pl: -eju, whichis different from Ijekavian or Ikavian.Sequences -je- in endings of verbal adjectives are not subject to these differences.In all ‘pronunciations’, words voljen loved, primljen received etc. have the sameform.The same applies to verbal nouns in -je; the difference in sjećanje vs. sećanje (bothmeaning memory) is only in the 1st syllable; the final -je, which forms the gerund, isnot affected.There are more words with non-trivial correspondences:word Ijekavian Ekavianpart dio (dijel-) deo (del-)last year lani lanelazy lijen lenjWhen -je comes after a vowel which is not i (e.g. dvoje two people, jaje egg) theforms are the same in Ekavian, Ijekavian and Ikavian. Of course, the same applies toverbal forms such as pije he/she drinks nije he/she/it is not etc. Ekavian forms haveto be learned if you want to know them.I will list Serbian words in both Ijekavian and Ekavian forms in this chapter.Other partially regular differencesA major difference is loss of h in native words in Serbian (both Ekavian andIjekavian; however, it was restored at the beginning of words in standard Serbian). It
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Easy Croatian© Daniel N. 2009-2019
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ContentsIntroduction 601 Alphabet a
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84 Western Urban Speech 46785 Small
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Introducon
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 01 Alphabe
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 02 Simples
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 02 Simples
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 03 Objects
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 04 No, Oen
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 04 No, Oen
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 05 Accusav
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 06 Desnaon
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 07 Verbs w
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 08 Weather
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 08 Weather
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 09 Numbers
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 09 Numbers
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 10 Gender
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 11 Colors,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 12 Simple
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 13 She Lov
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 14 My and
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 15 Locaons
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 16 Giving
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 17 Adjecve
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 17 Adjecve
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 18 This an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 19 Your, A
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 20 At My F
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 20 At My F
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 21 Origins
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 22 Here I
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 23 I’m C
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 24 Past Te
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 25 Plural
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 26 Yes or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 26 Yes or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 27 Body 15
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 28 Asking
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 30 Three B
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 30 Three B
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 31 First,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 32 Love an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 32 Love an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 33 School
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 34 Stresse
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 35 Tools a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 36 Dave/Lo
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 36 Dave/Lo
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 37 Complet
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 38 Needs,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 39 Would,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 39 Would,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 40 Future
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 41 Somewhe
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 41 Somewhe
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 42 Come In
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 43 And, Or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 44 Genive
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 45 Quanes
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 46 More th
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 46 More th
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 47 Of Flow
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 48 Wholes,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 49 For 7 H
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 50 Because
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 50 Because
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 51 For Day
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 51 For Day
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 52 Stand,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 54 When, W
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 55 More Pr
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 55 More Pr
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 56 Desires
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 57 Whose,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 57 Whose,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 58 Colloqu
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 59 Knowing
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 60 More Us
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 61 Cake is
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 61 Cake is
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 62 The Fri
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 63 Bigger
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 64 The Doo
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 65 Carry,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 66 Smoking
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 67 Only, E
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 68 Three M
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 69 Memorie
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 70 If I We
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 70 If I We
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 71 Suggeso
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 72 Address
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 72 Address
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 73 Learnin
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 74 It Just
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 74 It Just
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 75 Friends
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 75 Friends
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 76 Inner,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 77 As If:
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 78 Dijete
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 79 You’r
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 80 Present
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 81 Sneeze
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 82 Visible
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 82 Visible
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 83 Depth a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 83 Depth a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 84 Western
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 85 Small a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 85 Small a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 86 More Ve
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 87 Player,
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Page 489 and 490: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 89 Customs
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Page 495 and 496: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 91 Taboo W
Page 497 and 498: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 99 Aorist
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Page 521 and 522: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A7 Stress
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Page 525 and 526: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A8 Dialect
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Page 545 and 546: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L1 Common
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Page 555 and 556: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Core Dicon
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Core Dicon
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Index 597
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Keys to Ex
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