EasyCroatian_r47.an

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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A3 Verbs 508 / 600mostly usedbojati (boji)brojati (broji)strujati (struji)zujati (zuji)Std. Cro.bojitibrojitistrujitizujiti(Google search of the .hr domain will show you the a/i-verb forms of these fourverbs are 3-4 times more common than the i-verb forms.)All verbs that end in infinitive in -jeti belong to the je/i-verbs, except for thefollowing common verbs, which belong to the je/ije-verbs:dospjeti (dospije, dospio, dospjela) perf. end uprazumjeti (razumije, razumio, razumjela) understandsmjeti (smije, smio, smjela) be alloweduspjeti (uspije, uspio, uspjela) perf. succeedHowever, many verbs that in Standard Croatian belong to the je/i-verbs arereshaped as plain i-verbs in colloquial communication, even in newspapers. Thisdoes not affect their present forms, only the infinitive and past forms. The followingverbs are seldom seen with -je- in infinitive and past, -i- forms prevail even innewspapers (only infinitives are listed for sake of brevity, you can work out otherforms):gnjiljeti rothlapjeti evaporatestarjeti age, grow oldstrepjeti fear, quailšumjeti whirr, humtamnjeti darken(For example, Google gives 1250 hits for hlapiti on the .hr domain, but just 87 forhlapjeti.) Therefore, don't be surprised that Standard Croatian dictionaries list onlyforms starjeti, starjeli, but you hear are read just stariti and starili all the time. Ofcourse, this applies to all verbs derived by prefixing from the verbs above, e.g.instead of ostarjeti you will mostly see just ostariti.For the following common verbs, i-forms prevail in casual communication, whileje/i-forms prevail in written communication, newspapers, etc. (again, only infinitivesare listed):gorjeti burngrmjeti thundersmrdjeti stinkštedjeti save (money)šutjeti be quiettrpjeti suffervrtjeti spin, turnvisjeti hangvrvjeti swarmžudjeti yearnWith a possible sound shift in present

Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A3 Verbs 509 / 600This is a class (or two classes, if you like it) that contains a lot of verbs. Itscharacteristic is -ati in the infinitive, and e in the pres-3, with a possible sound shift.The shift does not happen if the consonants before -ati are Croatian-specific(usually j) or r:a/*einf pres-3 past-m-ja-ti -j-e -ja-o-sa-ti -š-e -sa-oetc. etc. etc.Common verbs that fall into this class without a sound shift are:brijati (brije) shavečešati (češe) scratchderati (dere) teargrijati (grije) heatkašljati (kašlje) coughlajati (laje) barkorati (ore) tillpenjati (penje) se² climbsijati (sije) sowsmijati (smije) se² laughstajati (staje) stop, standstenjati (stenje) groantrajati (traje) lastThere are many common verbs with a sound shift. Here are verbs with the shift k orc → č, e.g. skakati (skače) – only infinitives are listed for brevity:hrkati snoremicati movenicati sproutplakati cry, shed tearsklicati shout, cheer-ricatiskakati jumpsrkati sip (while eating)urlikati screamticati touchvikati yellžvakati chewThe following verbs have change h or s → š, e.g. pisati (piše):brisati wipe, clearkihati sneezeklesati chiselkresati trimjahati ride (animal)mahati wavemirisati («) smellnjihati sway, wobblepisati writepuhati blowsisati suckThe following verbs have change g or z → ž, e.g. rezati (reže):kazati say, tellklizati slide, skatelagati lie, tell lieslizati lickmazati spread (on bread, skin)pomagati helppuzati crawlrezati cutstizati arrive, make on timevagati weighvezati tie

Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A3 Verbs 509 / 600

This is a class (or two classes, if you like it) that contains a lot of verbs. Its

characteristic is -ati in the infinitive, and e in the pres-3, with a possible sound shift.

The shift does not happen if the consonants before -ati are Croatian-specific

(usually j) or r:

a/*e

inf pres-3 past-m

-ja-ti -j-e -ja-o

-sa-ti -š-e -sa-o

etc. etc. etc.

Common verbs that fall into this class without a sound shift are:

brijati (brije) shave

češati (češe) scratch

derati (dere) tear

grijati (grije) heat

kašljati (kašlje) cough

lajati (laje) bark

orati (ore) till

penjati (penje) se² climb

sijati (sije) sow

smijati (smije) se² laugh

stajati (staje) stop, stand

stenjati (stenje) groan

trajati (traje) last

There are many common verbs with a sound shift. Here are verbs with the shift k or

c → č, e.g. skakati (skače) – only infinitives are listed for brevity:

hrkati snore

micati move

nicati sprout

plakati cry, shed tears

klicati shout, cheer

-ricati

skakati jump

srkati sip (while eating)

urlikati scream

ticati touch

vikati yell

žvakati chew

The following verbs have change h or s → š, e.g. pisati (piše):

brisati wipe, clear

kihati sneeze

klesati chisel

kresati trim

jahati ride (animal)

mahati wave

mirisati («) smell

njihati sway, wobble

pisati write

puhati blow

sisati suck

The following verbs have change g or z → ž, e.g. rezati (reže):

kazati say, tell

klizati slide, skate

lagati lie, tell lies

lizati lick

mazati spread (on bread, skin)

pomagati help

puzati crawl

rezati cut

stizati arrive, make on time

vagati weigh

vezati tie

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