EasyCroatian_r47.an

Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A3 Verbs 506 / 600
(It seems that in Serbia ova/uje is the default verb class.)
Unpredictable classes, without shifts
A bit more difficult classes are unpredictable, without sound shifts. You basically
have to remember both infinitive and pres-3 form; however, there are no sound
shifts. There are 7 classes in this group, divided into 2 subgroups. The first four are:
inf pres-3 past-m
ava/aje -ava-ti -aj-e -ava-o
eva/uje -eva-ti -uj-e -eva-o
iva/uje -iva-ti -uj-e -iva-o
uva/uje -uva-ti -uj-e -uva-o
They all have -ati in the infinitive and are overall similar to a-verbs, except for the
present forms. Three classes (ava/aje, eva/uje, uva/uje) out of the 4 above contain
only a handful of of verbs. Common ones are:
davati (daje) give
-znavati (-znaje)
carevati (caruje) rule as an emperor
kraljevati (kraljuje) rule as a king
bljuvati (bljuje) vomit
pljuvati (pljuje) spit
All verbs listed are imperfective. Of course, verbs derived by prefixing those listed
above belong to the same class, but some are perfective. Often used are ones
derived from davati (daje), e.g. do-davati (do-daje). The "verb" -znavati (-znaje) is
not used on its own, only verbs derived from it by prefixing are used, e.g. po-znavati
(po-znaje).
Unfortunately, verbs ending in -ivati can be either a-verbs – e.g. plivati, pozivati – or
iva/uje-verbs – e.g. dokazivati (dokazuje), etc. There are many iva/uje-verbs – too
much to list here.
The next three classes are a bit more complicated, as two of them have a
(predictable) alternation in the past forms. It's interesting that for some of them,
Standard forms are different from forms used in speech and casual writing most of
the time:
inf pres-3 past-m past-f
a/i -a-ti -i -a-o -a-la
je/i -je-ti -i -i-o -je-la
je/ije -je-ti -ij-e -i-o -je-la