EasyCroatian_r47.an

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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 83 Depth and Distance: Abstract Nouns 464 / 600opasan (opasn-) dangerous → opasnost f dangersličan (sličn-) similar, alike → sličnost f similarityslučajan (slučajn-) accidental → slučajnost f coincidencestvaran (stvarn-) real → stvarnost f realityudaljen distant → udaljenost f distancevažan (važn-) important → važnost f importancePassive adjectives always use this suffix to create abstract nouns, usuallycorresponding to English -ness:gledan watched (also popular)→ gledanost f viewer ratingsotvoren open → otvorenost f opennessThe noun gledanost f means literally watchedness (however, this is an extremelyrare English word).Potential adjectives always use this suffix to create abstract nouns as well:vidljiv visible → vidljivost f visibilityosjetljiv sensitive → osjetljivost f sensitivityThis is maybe the place to show the full range of derived words from a single(perfective) verb (of course, not all verbs have all the possible forms):verb adjectives (verbal) nounsisključenjeisključenexcludingexcluded(turned off) isključenost fexclusionisključiti («)perf. exclude(also turn off)isključivexclusive,strictisključivost fexclusiveness,strictnessIn addition, there are (for most potential and passive adjectives), negated adjectives,and derived negated abstract words; for example:vidljiv visiblevidljivost f visibilitynevidljiv invisiblenevidljivost f invisibilitySuch negated adjectives and abstract nouns are always derived by appending ne-.Some nouns created by -ost have meaning that’s not obvious from the adjectivethey are derived from:umjetan (umjetn-) artificial → umjetnost f artWhile English art has a wide meaning, Croatian umjetnost f means only painting,making sculptures and other high arts.
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 83 Depth and Distance: Abstract Nouns 465 / 600Some nouns changed meaning over time, or the adjectives they were created fromfell out of use:prednost f priority, advantageradost f joyznanost f science ®žalost f sadnessAbstract nouns that don’t end in -ina usually don’t have relational adjectives – theadjectives they are derived from are used in relational meaning too – or formrelational adjectives irregularly:starost f old age → staračkiumjetnost f art → umjetničkiznanost f science → znanstven scientific ®The relational adjectives starački and umjetnički are actually derived from nounsstarac (starc-) old man and umjetnik artist.Finally, it’s interesting that there are more abstract feminine nouns that don’t end in-a, which seem to be (at least historically) derived with -t. Common ones are:bit f essence, gistčast f honormoć f might, powerpomoć f helppovijest f history ®propast f downfallsmrt f deathstrast f passionvijest f newsvlast f authority, government________® The word znanost f science is specific to Croatia. In Bosnia and Serbia, the wordnauka is more common; instead of toplina heat, toplota is used in Bosnia andSerbia. For nauka, the relational adjective is simply naučni.Instead of povijest, the word for history is historija in parts of Bosnia, and istorija inSerbia and parts of Bosnia with Serbian majority.• Something Possibly InterestingPresent irregularities can be a key to history. Nouns like moć might, power end in -ć,while other similar nouns end in -t. Likewise, inf of the verb can is moći, while mostverbs have infinitives in -ti. Besides, the verb is highly irregular.The most likely explanation is this: some time ago – likely more than 1200 years,maybe much more – the verb can had inf something like mogtī, and the abstractnoun was mogti (the difference was length of the last vowel). Therefore, the pastforms and pres-1 were and still are fully regular (mog-la, mog-u). (I’m heresimplifying things a bit: in the distant past, the past and present endings were a bitdifferent; also, the o in mog- wasn’t really an o.)But then, for unknown reasons, sequences kti and gti changed their pronunciationsinto ći (the sound wasn’t of today ć, but an early version of it, a kind of softened t).
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Easy Croatian© Daniel N. 2009-2019
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ContentsIntroduction 601 Alphabet a
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84 Western Urban Speech 46785 Small
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Introducon
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 01 Alphabe
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 02 Simples
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 02 Simples
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 03 Objects
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 04 No, Oen
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 04 No, Oen
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 05 Accusav
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 06 Desnaon
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 07 Verbs w
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 08 Weather
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 08 Weather
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 09 Numbers
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 09 Numbers
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 10 Gender
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 11 Colors,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 12 Simple
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 13 She Lov
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 14 My and
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 15 Locaons
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 16 Giving
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 17 Adjecve
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 17 Adjecve
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 18 This an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 19 Your, A
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 20 At My F
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 20 At My F
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 21 Origins
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 22 Here I
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 23 I’m C
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 24 Past Te
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 25 Plural
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 26 Yes or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 26 Yes or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 27 Body 15
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 28 Asking
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 30 Three B
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 30 Three B
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 31 First,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 32 Love an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 32 Love an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 33 School
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 34 Stresse
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 35 Tools a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 36 Dave/Lo
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 36 Dave/Lo
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 37 Complet
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 38 Needs,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 39 Would,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 39 Would,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 40 Future
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 41 Somewhe
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 41 Somewhe
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 42 Come In
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 43 And, Or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 44 Genive
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 45 Quanes
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 46 More th
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 46 More th
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 47 Of Flow
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 48 Wholes,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 49 For 7 H
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 50 Because
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 50 Because
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 51 For Day
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 51 For Day
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 52 Stand,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 54 When, W
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 55 More Pr
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 55 More Pr
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 56 Desires
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 57 Whose,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 57 Whose,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 58 Colloqu
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 59 Knowing
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 60 More Us
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 61 Cake is
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 61 Cake is
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 62 The Fri
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 63 Bigger
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 64 The Doo
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 65 Carry,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 66 Smoking
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 67 Only, E
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 68 Three M
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 69 Memorie
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 70 If I We
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 70 If I We
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 71 Suggeso
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 71 Suggeso
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Page 489 and 490: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 89 Customs
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Page 495 and 496: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 91 Taboo W
Page 497 and 498: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 99 Aorist
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Page 501 and 502: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A1 Nouns a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A3 Verbs 5
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A5 Word Or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A5 Word Or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A7 Stress
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A7 Stress
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A8 Dialect
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A9 Bosnian
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L1 Common
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L2 Countri
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L2 Countri
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L3 Cies an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L3 Cies an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Core Dicon
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Index 597
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Keys to Ex
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