EasyCroatian_r47.an
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 80 Present Adverbs and Adjecves 452 / 600Here the adjective kupaći is in G, as required by the preposition bez without. Weknow it’s a costume, since it’s in singular! In the second sentence, the adj. kupaće isin A-pl.The same happens to žvakaća guma chewing gum, usually shortened to justžvakaća.________® In Serbia, the pres. adj. poznavajući is considered non-standard.In Serbia and most of Bosnia, the meaning liquid is expressed with another adjective:tečan (tečn-), while tekući means only flowing.
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 81 Sneeze Once and Start Blooming 453 / 60081 Sneeze Once and Start BloomingCroatian often uses patterns of verb derivation where meanings are derived bysimply adding prefixes. For instance, let’s take the following verb pair:padati ~ pasti (padne, pao) fallFrom it, you can derive e.g. the following verb pairs with specific meanings:ispadati ~ ispasti (ispadne, ispao) fall outraspadati ~ raspasti (raspadne, raspao) se² fall apartupadati ~ upasti (upadne, upao) fall intoAll such pairs are of the same kind like the base pair: there’s a process (involving akind of ‘falling’ that can be completed). But what about if we add pri- to the basepair:pripadati ~ pripasti (pripadne, pripao) ?The verb pripadati of course means belong, but what should the perfective verbmean? Belonging is a state; how can you complete it?It turns out that the perfective verb is used, but in the meaning begin to belong, startto belong. For verbs that indicate lasting states, associated perfective verbs oftenmean entering the state.Such verbs are often hard to translate into English. The verb pripasti (...) will beusually translated as given, assigned and so on, or the sentence would be rephrased.Such perfective verbs that don’t mean completion or accomplishment aresometimes called inchoative verbs (abbreviated as inch.).To emphasize that the perfective verb has not the usual meaning of ‘completion’, but‘getting into a state’, I'll use a double tilde (~~). The prefix za- is often used to makesuch verbs:mrziti ~~ za- («) hate ®pamtiti ~~ za- memorizevoljeti (voli, volio, voljela) ~~ za- («) love/likeFor example:Ana je zavoljela zeleni čaj. Ana started to love green tea.Some pairs don’t follow this scheme:cvjetati ~~ pro- bloomspavati ~~ zaspati (zaspi) sleepshvaćati ® ~~ shvatiti understand, realizesviđati se² ~~ svidjeti (svidi, svidio, svidjela) se² likeThe verb zaspati has an alternative, non-standard pres-3 form zaspe that’s quite
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 81 Sneeze Once and Start Blooming 453 / 600
81 Sneeze Once and Start Blooming
Croatian often uses patterns of verb derivation where meanings are derived by
simply adding prefixes. For instance, let’s take the following verb pair:
padati ~ pasti (padne, pao) fall
From it, you can derive e.g. the following verb pairs with specific meanings:
ispadati ~ ispasti (ispadne, ispao) fall out
raspadati ~ raspasti (raspadne, raspao) se² fall apart
upadati ~ upasti (upadne, upao) fall into
All such pairs are of the same kind like the base pair: there’s a process (involving a
kind of ‘falling’ that can be completed). But what about if we add pri- to the base
pair:
pripadati ~ pripasti (pripadne, pripao) ?
The verb pripadati of course means belong, but what should the perfective verb
mean? Belonging is a state; how can you complete it?
It turns out that the perfective verb is used, but in the meaning begin to belong, start
to belong. For verbs that indicate lasting states, associated perfective verbs often
mean entering the state.
Such verbs are often hard to translate into English. The verb pripasti (...) will be
usually translated as given, assigned and so on, or the sentence would be rephrased.
Such perfective verbs that don’t mean completion or accomplishment are
sometimes called inchoative verbs (abbreviated as inch.).
To emphasize that the perfective verb has not the usual meaning of ‘completion’, but
‘getting into a state’, I'll use a double tilde (~~). The prefix za- is often used to make
such verbs:
mrziti ~~ za- («) hate ®
pamtiti ~~ za- memorize
voljeti (voli, volio, voljela) ~~ za- («) love/like
For example:
Ana je zavoljela zeleni čaj. Ana started to love green tea.
Some pairs don’t follow this scheme:
cvjetati ~~ pro- bloom
spavati ~~ zaspati (zaspi) sleep
shvaćati ® ~~ shvatiti understand, realize
sviđati se² ~~ svidjeti (svidi, svidio, svidjela) se² like
The verb zaspati has an alternative, non-standard pres-3 form zaspe that’s quite
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