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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 80 Present Adverbs and Adjecves 450 / 600It’s used with DL:Zahvaljujući dobrom vremenu DL , plaže N su pune N . Thanks to the good weather,beaches are full.A lot of present adverbs can be used as adjectives, and that’s quite common inspeech. This is usually possible only for adverbs made from verbs that cannot haveany object, e.g. for the present adverb made from spavati sleep but not for theadverb made from učiti learn, study. So you can call UFO’s:Vidjela je leteće tanjure A . She saw flying saucers.You see how here the present adverb is understood as an adjective and put to themasc. A-pl form. Some common present adjectives are:leteći flyingležeći lyingodgovarajući suitablepostojeći existingprateći accompanyingtrepćući blinkingviseći hangingvodeći leadingA couple of present adverbs have specific meaning as adjectives (besides the inf,only pres-3 forms are listed here, since only those forms are important forformation of present adverbs and adjectives):verbpresent adj.(bude) perf. be budući futureići (ide) go idući following, nextmoći (može +) can moguć possibleslijediti follow sljedeći nextteći (teče) flow tekući flowing, liquid ®The adjective budući means future in e.g. future tense. The word sljedeći is spelledso when used as an adjective, but slijedeći if used as an adverb. The adjectivemoguć even lost the otherwise obligatory final -i.Some present adjectives form combinations with specific meanings:ležeći policajac speed bump (lit. ‘lying policeman’)tekući račun checking (or current) account (lit. ‘liquid account’)Don’t forget that they are adjectives, when used to describe a noun, or in setcombinations:Ima° puno ležećih policajaca G na cesti DL . There are a lot of speed bumps on theroad.There’s one English construction where -ing forms are used which translate asneither gerund nor present adverb:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 80 Present Adverbs and Adjecves 451 / 600She saw birds flying.In Croatian, one way to express this is using kako (usually meaning how) or da with asmall clause (with normal tense rules) after it:Vidjela je ptice A kako lete.Vidjela je ptice A da lete.Another option is to use kad(a) and a clause. Recall this line from the example in 52Stand, Become, Exist, Cease:Čulo se samo kako ptice N pjevaju. Only birds singing could be heard.Here the birds singing is actually the subject of the verb čuti (čuje) hear, used in themediopassive construction.Since present adverbs stand for action performed by the noun after them (tekućavoda = flowing water = water that flows), they cannot be used for expressions likebathing costume: the costume doesn’t bathe, it’s just used when someone is bathing.Therefore, there’s another form, used only as adjective, but looking really similar tothe present adverb (the form has no name, unfortunately). For verbs with infinitivein -ati, it’s created by transforming that ending to -aći:kupati bathe → kupaćispavati sleep → spavaćišivati sew → šivaćižvakati (žvače) chew → žvakaći(Compare them to the present adverbs of these verbs, e.g. kupajući and spavajući.)If verbs don’t end in -ati, it’s made from their pres-3 form in a way that the resultalways ends in -aći:jesti (jede, jeo) eat → jedaćiThese adjectives are used in set expressions only, e.g.:brijaći aparat electric razorigraća karta playing cardkupaći kostim bathing costumekupaće gaće swim briefsspavaća soba bedroomšivaća mašina sewing machinežvakaća guma chewing gumThe adjective kupaći is virtually used only to describe those two nouns, so it’scolloquially very often used on it’s own, nouns are omitted. When in singularmasculine it’s costume, and in plural neuter it’s briefs. Of course, it still changes asany adjective:Otišla je bez kupaćeg G . (colloq.) She left without the swimmingotići past-fcostume.Zaboravio sam kupaće A . (colloq.) I forgot my swim briefs.
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Easy Croatian© Daniel N. 2009-2019
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ContentsIntroduction 601 Alphabet a
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84 Western Urban Speech 46785 Small
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Introducon
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 01 Alphabe
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 02 Simples
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 02 Simples
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 03 Objects
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 04 No, Oen
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 04 No, Oen
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 05 Accusav
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 06 Desnaon
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 07 Verbs w
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 08 Weather
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 08 Weather
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 09 Numbers
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 09 Numbers
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 10 Gender
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 11 Colors,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 12 Simple
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 13 She Lov
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 14 My and
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 15 Locaons
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 16 Giving
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 17 Adjecve
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 17 Adjecve
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 18 This an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 19 Your, A
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 20 At My F
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 20 At My F
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 21 Origins
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 22 Here I
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 23 I’m C
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 24 Past Te
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 25 Plural
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 26 Yes or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 26 Yes or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 27 Body 15
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 28 Asking
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 30 Three B
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 30 Three B
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 31 First,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 32 Love an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 32 Love an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 33 School
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 34 Stresse
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 35 Tools a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 36 Dave/Lo
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 36 Dave/Lo
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 37 Complet
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 38 Needs,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 39 Would,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 39 Would,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 40 Future
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 41 Somewhe
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 41 Somewhe
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 42 Come In
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 43 And, Or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 44 Genive
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 45 Quanes
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 46 More th
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 46 More th
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 47 Of Flow
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 48 Wholes,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 49 For 7 H
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 50 Because
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 50 Because
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 51 For Day
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 51 For Day
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 52 Stand,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 54 When, W
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 55 More Pr
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 55 More Pr
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 56 Desires
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 57 Whose,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 57 Whose,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 58 Colloqu
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 59 Knowing
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 60 More Us
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 61 Cake is
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 61 Cake is
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 62 The Fri
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 63 Bigger
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 64 The Doo
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 65 Carry,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 66 Smoking
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 67 Only, E
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 68 Three M
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Page 489 and 490: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 89 Customs
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Page 495 and 496: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 91 Taboo W
Page 497 and 498: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 99 Aorist
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A1 Nouns a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A1 Nouns a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A3 Verbs 5
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A5 Word Or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A5 Word Or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A7 Stress
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A7 Stress
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A8 Dialect
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A9 Bosnian
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L1 Common
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L2 Countri
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L2 Countri
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L3 Cies an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L3 Cies an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Core Dicon
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Index 597
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Keys to Ex
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