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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 80 Present Adverbs and Adjecves 450 / 600It’s used with DL:Zahvaljujući dobrom vremenu DL , plaže N su pune N . Thanks to the good weather,beaches are full.A lot of present adverbs can be used as adjectives, and that’s quite common inspeech. This is usually possible only for adverbs made from verbs that cannot haveany object, e.g. for the present adverb made from spavati sleep but not for theadverb made from učiti learn, study. So you can call UFO’s:Vidjela je leteće tanjure A . She saw flying saucers.You see how here the present adverb is understood as an adjective and put to themasc. A-pl form. Some common present adjectives are:leteći flyingležeći lyingodgovarajući suitablepostojeći existingprateći accompanyingtrepćući blinkingviseći hangingvodeći leadingA couple of present adverbs have specific meaning as adjectives (besides the inf,only pres-3 forms are listed here, since only those forms are important forformation of present adverbs and adjectives):verbpresent adj.(bude) perf. be budući futureići (ide) go idući following, nextmoći (može +) can moguć possibleslijediti follow sljedeći nextteći (teče) flow tekući flowing, liquid ®The adjective budući means future in e.g. future tense. The word sljedeći is spelledso when used as an adjective, but slijedeći if used as an adverb. The adjectivemoguć even lost the otherwise obligatory final -i.Some present adjectives form combinations with specific meanings:ležeći policajac speed bump (lit. ‘lying policeman’)tekući račun checking (or current) account (lit. ‘liquid account’)Don’t forget that they are adjectives, when used to describe a noun, or in setcombinations:Ima° puno ležećih policajaca G na cesti DL . There are a lot of speed bumps on theroad.There’s one English construction where -ing forms are used which translate asneither gerund nor present adverb:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 80 Present Adverbs and Adjecves 451 / 600She saw birds flying.In Croatian, one way to express this is using kako (usually meaning how) or da with asmall clause (with normal tense rules) after it:Vidjela je ptice A kako lete.Vidjela je ptice A da lete.Another option is to use kad(a) and a clause. Recall this line from the example in 52Stand, Become, Exist, Cease:Čulo se samo kako ptice N pjevaju. Only birds singing could be heard.Here the birds singing is actually the subject of the verb čuti (čuje) hear, used in themediopassive construction.Since present adverbs stand for action performed by the noun after them (tekućavoda = flowing water = water that flows), they cannot be used for expressions likebathing costume: the costume doesn’t bathe, it’s just used when someone is bathing.Therefore, there’s another form, used only as adjective, but looking really similar tothe present adverb (the form has no name, unfortunately). For verbs with infinitivein -ati, it’s created by transforming that ending to -aći:kupati bathe → kupaćispavati sleep → spavaćišivati sew → šivaćižvakati (žvače) chew → žvakaći(Compare them to the present adverbs of these verbs, e.g. kupajući and spavajući.)If verbs don’t end in -ati, it’s made from their pres-3 form in a way that the resultalways ends in -aći:jesti (jede, jeo) eat → jedaćiThese adjectives are used in set expressions only, e.g.:brijaći aparat electric razorigraća karta playing cardkupaći kostim bathing costumekupaće gaće swim briefsspavaća soba bedroomšivaća mašina sewing machinežvakaća guma chewing gumThe adjective kupaći is virtually used only to describe those two nouns, so it’scolloquially very often used on it’s own, nouns are omitted. When in singularmasculine it’s costume, and in plural neuter it’s briefs. Of course, it still changes asany adjective:Otišla je bez kupaćeg G . (colloq.) She left without the swimmingotići past-fcostume.Zaboravio sam kupaće A . (colloq.) I forgot my swim briefs.
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 80 Present Adverbs and Adjecves 450 / 600
It’s used with DL:
Zahvaljujući dobrom vremenu DL , plaže N su pune N . Thanks to the good weather,
beaches are full.
A lot of present adverbs can be used as adjectives, and that’s quite common in
speech. This is usually possible only for adverbs made from verbs that cannot have
any object, e.g. for the present adverb made from spavati sleep but not for the
adverb made from učiti learn, study. So you can call UFO’s:
Vidjela je leteće tanjure A . She saw flying saucers.
You see how here the present adverb is understood as an adjective and put to the
masc. A-pl form. Some common present adjectives are:
leteći flying
ležeći lying
odgovarajući suitable
postojeći existing
prateći accompanying
trepćući blinking
viseći hanging
vodeći leading
A couple of present adverbs have specific meaning as adjectives (besides the inf,
only pres-3 forms are listed here, since only those forms are important for
formation of present adverbs and adjectives):
verb
present adj.
(bude) perf. be budući future
ići (ide) go idući following, next
moći (može +) can moguć possible
slijediti follow sljedeći next
teći (teče) flow tekući flowing, liquid ®
The adjective budući means future in e.g. future tense. The word sljedeći is spelled
so when used as an adjective, but slijedeći if used as an adverb. The adjective
moguć even lost the otherwise obligatory final -i.
Some present adjectives form combinations with specific meanings:
ležeći policajac speed bump (lit. ‘lying policeman’)
tekući račun checking (or current) account (lit. ‘liquid account’)
Don’t forget that they are adjectives, when used to describe a noun, or in set
combinations:
Ima° puno ležećih policajaca G na cesti DL . There are a lot of speed bumps on the
road.
There’s one English construction where -ing forms are used which translate as
neither gerund nor present adverb:
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