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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 07 Verbs with Obligatory Objects 42 / 600Sometimes two words are counted as ‘one unit’ and occupy the first positiontogether. One example is ne¨ + verb:Ne brijem¹ se². I’m not shaving.brijatiThis applies to all words preceded by a word ‘glued’ to it (e.g. u¨, na¨) – theytogether count as ‘one unit’. (Words marked with ¨ have a fancy name – proclitics,and ones marked with ² are also called enclitics.)This can also happen if you have two words that are frequently used together, e.g.skoro nikad almost never – they together occupy the first position:Skoro nikad¹ se² ne brijem. I almost never shave.brijatiHowever, you will see sometimes that even such groups are split. Such ‘strictplacement’ occurs mainly in formal writing and formal speech (e.g. on the newsservice of the public TV and radio):Skoro¹ se² nikad ne brijem. (seen sometimes in writing)brijatiSimilar verbs are oblačiti and svlačiti. They correspond to two verbs in English. First,you can either put on (or off) something:Ana oblači majicu. Ana is putting a shirt on.However, when these verbs get a person (or an animal, Croatian treats them moreor less always in the same manner) as their object, they get mean dressing (orundressing) someone:Ana oblači Gorana. Ana is dressing Goran.Finally, if you want to express that Ana is dressing herself, you must use a se², as shedoes it on her own, to herself, not to anyone else:Ana se oblači. Ana is dressing.The verb buditi is usually translated as wake (up), but it does not have a meaning beawake, only stop sleeping. You can wake someone up, and in Croatian it sounds likethis:Ana budi Gorana. Ana is waking Goran up.But if wake up on your own, you must use a se²:Ana se budi. Ana is waking up.Finally, the verb vraćati means that you either return something, or you returnyourself, i.e. come back. You must use a se² for the second meaning:Ana vraća knjigu. Ana returning a book.Ana se vraća. Ana is coming back.Next, there are some verbs that must be used with an object, but when used with ase², their meaning shifts a bit. Often used ones are:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 07 Verbs with Obligatory Objects 43 / 600zabavljati entertain zvati (zove) callWhen they are used with people as objects, they have the meanings I listed above:Ana zabavlja Gorana. Ana is entertaining Goran.Zovem Ivana. I’m calling Ivan.zvatiBut with a se², their meaning changes:Ana se zabavlja. Ana is having fun.Zovem se Goran. ‘I call myself Goran.’ = My name is Goran.zvatiThe second sentence, zvati (zove) + se² is the normal way to say in Croatian whatyour name is. Please pay attention that the name is in nominative, no changes to itare made. If you know some French, Italian or Spanish, such sentences should bevery familiar to you:(French)(Italian)Il s’appelle Goran.Lui si chiama Goran. lit.(Spanish) Él se llama Goran.On se zove Goran.‘He calls himself Goran.’In all four languages, the verbs themselves mean call, but the meaning shifts whenthey’re used with the so-called ‘reflexive’ pronoun (underlined in the examplesabove). (Also, Spanish has the verb divertir that’s very similar to zabavljati.)Unfortunately, English doesn’t use this pattern at all.We can list these meanings in a nice table:verb used with meaningčitati (A) readprati (pere) A washA entertainzabavljatise² have funA callzvati (zove)se² + N ... name is ...The first verb has a non-mandatory object; the second one mandatory, and the lasttwo shift meaning.Actually, if you consider again the verb return, there was also a small change inmeaning: it’s not the same to return something and to come back! There are moresuch verbs where the meaning changes when they are used without an object.Consider the following:Goran opens the window.The window opens.
Page 1 and 2: Easy Croatian© Daniel N. 2009-2019
Page 3 and 4: ContentsIntroduction 601 Alphabet a
Page 5 and 6: 84 Western Urban Speech 46785 Small
Page 7 and 8: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Introducon
Page 9 and 10: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 01 Alphabe
Page 15 and 16: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 02 Simples
Page 17 and 18: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 02 Simples
Page 19 and 20: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 03 Objects
Page 25 and 26: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 04 No, Oen
Page 27 and 28: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 04 No, Oen
Page 29 and 30: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 05 Accusav
Page 35 and 36: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 06 Desnaon
Page 41: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 07 Verbs w
Page 45 and 46: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 07 Verbs w
Page 47 and 48: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 07 Verbs w
Page 49 and 50: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 08 Weather
Page 51 and 52: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 08 Weather
Page 53 and 54: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 09 Numbers
Page 55 and 56: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 09 Numbers
Page 57 and 58: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 10 Gender
Page 65 and 66: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 11 Colors,
Page 71 and 72: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 12 Simple
Page 77 and 78: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 13 She Lov
Page 83 and 84: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 14 My and
Page 89 and 90: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 15 Locaons
Page 91 and 92: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 15 Locaons
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 15 Locaons
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 16 Giving
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 17 Adjecve
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 17 Adjecve
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 18 This an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 19 Your, A
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 20 At My F
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 20 At My F
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 21 Origins
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 22 Here I
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 23 I’m C
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 25 Plural
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 26 Yes or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 30 Three B
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 31 First,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 32 Love an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 32 Love an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 33 School
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 34 Stresse
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 35 Tools a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 36 Dave/Lo
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 36 Dave/Lo
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 37 Complet
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 38 Needs,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 39 Would,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 39 Would,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 40 Future
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 41 Somewhe
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 41 Somewhe
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 42 Come In
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 43 And, Or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 44 Genive
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 45 Quanes
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 46 More th
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 46 More th
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 47 Of Flow
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 48 Wholes,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 49 For 7 H
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 50 Because
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 50 Because
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 51 For Day
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 51 For Day
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 52 Stand,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 54 When, W
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 55 More Pr
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 56 Desires
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 57 Whose,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 57 Whose,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 58 Colloqu
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 59 Knowing
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 60 More Us
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 61 Cake is
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 61 Cake is
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 62 The Fri
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 63 Bigger
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 64 The Doo
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 65 Carry,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 66 Smoking
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 67 Only, E
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 68 Three M
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 69 Memorie
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 70 If I We
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 70 If I We
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 71 Suggeso
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 72 Address
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 72 Address
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 73 Learnin
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 74 It Just
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 74 It Just
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 75 Friends
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 75 Friends
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 76 Inner,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 77 As If:
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 78 Dijete
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 79 You’r
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 79 You’r
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 80 Present
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 80 Present
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 81 Sneeze
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 82 Visible
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 82 Visible
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 83 Depth a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 83 Depth a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 84 Western
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 85 Small a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 85 Small a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 86 More Ve
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 86 More Ve
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 87 Player,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 88 Weird W
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 88 Weird W
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 89 Customs
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 90 Number-
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 90 Number-
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 91 Taboo W
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 99 Aorist
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 99 Aorist
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A1 Nouns a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A1 Nouns a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A3 Verbs 5
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A5 Word Or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A5 Word Or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A7 Stress
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A7 Stress
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A8 Dialect
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A9 Bosnian
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L1 Common
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L2 Countri
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L2 Countri
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L3 Cies an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L3 Cies an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Core Dicon
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Index 597
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Keys to Ex
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