EasyCroatian_r47.an

Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 76 Inner, Outer, Step by Step: More on Space and Time 428 / 600
76 Inner, Outer, Step by Step: More on Space and Time
Here are two spatial adverbs that distinguish locations from directions, with
associated prepositions:
dir. loc. preposition
outside van ® vani ® izvan outside of
inside unutra unutar within
All prepositions are, as expected, used with G. For example:
Hotel N ne radi izvan sezone G . The hotel doesn’t ‘work’ outside of the (tourist)
season. (= isn’t open)
Sometimes the adverb van can be used with nouns, as a kind of preposition, so
you’ll hear and read both van sezone and izvan sezone.
The following adverbs stand both for origins and locations, in the following way: the
same adverb means from outside and on the outer surface. We can call them
origin/surface adverbs:
izvana from outside, on the outside
iznutra from within, on the inside
odozgo from above, on the top side
odozdo from below, on the bottom side
For example:
Hladan zrak N dolazi izvana. The cold air is coming from the outside. ®
It’s possible to derive relational adjectives from the adverbs above. Such adjectives
are derived by adding -ski, -nji or -šnji. However, since they are far from regular,
they have to be remembered as separate adjectives:
vani out → vanjski outer ®
unutra inside → unutrašnji inner
gore up → gornji upper
dolje down → donji lower
It’s also possible to derive relational adjectives from many specific time adverbs (e.g.
today), as well and you have to use them – there’s no other way say today’s
newspaper in Croatian; they are always derived with -šnji; if the original adverb ends
in -s, it’s lost:
danas today → današnji
noćas tonight → noćašnji
jučer yesterday → jučerašnji
jutros this morning → jutrošnji
večeras this evening → večerašnji
sutra tomorrow → sutrašnji
(The difference večerašnji vs. večernji is the same as večeras vs. večer.)
They are also derived from non-specific time adverbs in the same way: