EasyCroatian_r47.an
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 71 Suggesons, Permissions and More Verbs 414 / 600• ExerciseComplete the following sentences:________(a) ______(b) ______(c) ______(d) prati prozore. I couldn’t be bothered towash windows.______________________(e) ruku. Relax your arm. (doctor to a patient)______________________(f) ______(g) ______(h) da ______________(i) taj film.She talked us into watching that movie.______________________(j) smo utakmicu. We missed (skipped) the game.Check answers here.
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 72 Addressing and Vocave Case 415 / 60072 Addressing and Vocative CaseFinally, now it’s the time to introduce the last case: the vocative case (just V forshort). This is the last case to be introduced, since it’s the least used case.It’s mostly used when you’re calling or addressing someone. There are no specificforms in the plural – vocative is equal to the nominative case in plural. The endingsin singular are:noun type (N)V-a → -onouns in -a (≈ fem.) -ica → -ice(or: no change)neuter nouns (≈ in -o, -e) = Nmasc. nouns not in -a add -e (some -u)fem. not in -a (e.g. noć) add -iFor people, this case is usually used when you are addressing someone using his orher name or title, often with imperatives or polite expressions, such as:Hvala Vam, profesore. Thank you, professor.Molim Vas, dođite, doktore. Please, come here, doctor.Izvolite, gospodine. Here you are, mister.Dobar dan, gospođo. Good afternoon, madam.With personal names, it's increasingly common to use just nominative instead ofvocative. This holds especially for names ending in -a:Hvala ti, Ana. Thank you, Ana.Izvoli, Luka. Here you are, Luka.The vocative for female names is conserved only in set expressions, e.g. in aCatholic prayer:Zdravo, Marijo... Hail Mary,...There's no change for masculine names not ending in -a (regardless whether theybehave as if ending in -a or not):Dođi, Kruno. Come here, Kruno.Dođi, Marko. Come here, Marko.The ending -e for masculine nouns ending in consonant causes consonant shift k →č, g → ž, h → š:čovjek man, human → čovječebog god → boževrag devil → vraže
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 72 Addressing and Vocave Case 415 / 600
72 Addressing and Vocative Case
Finally, now it’s the time to introduce the last case: the vocative case (just V for
short). This is the last case to be introduced, since it’s the least used case.
It’s mostly used when you’re calling or addressing someone. There are no specific
forms in the plural – vocative is equal to the nominative case in plural. The endings
in singular are:
noun type (N)
V
-a → -o
nouns in -a (≈ fem.) -ica → -ice
(or: no change)
neuter nouns (≈ in -o, -e) = N
masc. nouns not in -a add -e (some -u)
fem. not in -a (e.g. noć) add -i
For people, this case is usually used when you are addressing someone using his or
her name or title, often with imperatives or polite expressions, such as:
Hvala Vam, profesore. Thank you, professor.
Molim Vas, dođite, doktore. Please, come here, doctor.
Izvolite, gospodine. Here you are, mister.
Dobar dan, gospođo. Good afternoon, madam.
With personal names, it's increasingly common to use just nominative instead of
vocative. This holds especially for names ending in -a:
Hvala ti, Ana. Thank you, Ana.
Izvoli, Luka. Here you are, Luka.
The vocative for female names is conserved only in set expressions, e.g. in a
Catholic prayer:
Zdravo, Marijo... Hail Mary,...
There's no change for masculine names not ending in -a (regardless whether they
behave as if ending in -a or not):
Dođi, Kruno. Come here, Kruno.
Dođi, Marko. Come here, Marko.
The ending -e for masculine nouns ending in consonant causes consonant shift k →
č, g → ž, h → š:
čovjek man, human → čovječe
bog god → bože
vrag devil → vraže
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