EasyCroatian_r47.an
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 66 Smoking is Dangerous: Verbal Nouns 390 / 600• ExamplesHere’s an example of a makeshift ad for a servis za čišćenje cleaning service on alight post in Zagreb:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 67 Only, Except, Too: Inclusion and Exclusion 391 / 60067 Only, Except, Too: Inclusion and ExclusionThere’s a set of often used words in Croatian that are used for restriction, inclusionand exclusion. Two basic words are:samo only osim except ®The word samo is quite easy to use: just insert it before any part of the sentence toexpress meaning only:Pojest ću samo salatu A . I’ll eat only the salad.Otišli smo samo u kino A . We went only to the cinema. ®otići past-mplPoslao sam razglednicu A samo mami DL . I sent a picture postcard only to my mum.Samo Ana N je ovdje. Only Ana is here.As you can see, the word samo doesn’t affect the words following it.The word osim is similar; it’s mostly used with ‘total pronouns’ (don’t forget thatthey change through cases!):svi... osim... everyone... except...sve... osim... everything... except...nitko... osim... nobody... except...ništa... osim... nothing... except...There’s one important difference between samo and osim: when osim is usedbefore nouns (or adjectives + nouns), it affects them if they are in A or N andchanges them into the genitive case. (That’s why osim is frequently listed as apreposition used with G; actually, it’s a word that doesn’t fit into any category.) Toillustrate this:Pojest ću sve A osim salate G . (A → G) I’ll eat (up) everything except the salad.Poslao sam razglednicu A svima DL osim mami DL . I sent a picture postcard to everyoneexcept my mum.Check how the noun in the sentence about postcards stays in the DL case. Thechange also happens in the nominative case:Svi N su ovdje osim Ane G . (N → G) Everyone’s here except for Ana.Of course, osim can be used with ‘total adverbs’ as well:svugdje... osim... everywhere... except...uvijek... osim... always... except...nigdje... osim... nowhere... except...nikad(a)... osim... never... except...etc.Another word, umjesto, is used in a very similar way to osim. It means instead of:Otišli smo u kino A umjesto u restoran A . We went to the cinema otići past-mpl
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 67 Only, Except, Too: Inclusion and Exclusion 391 / 600
67 Only, Except, Too: Inclusion and Exclusion
There’s a set of often used words in Croatian that are used for restriction, inclusion
and exclusion. Two basic words are:
samo only osim except ®
The word samo is quite easy to use: just insert it before any part of the sentence to
express meaning only:
Pojest ću samo salatu A . I’ll eat only the salad.
Otišli smo samo u kino A . We went only to the cinema. ®
otići past-mpl
Poslao sam razglednicu A samo mami DL . I sent a picture postcard only to my mum.
Samo Ana N je ovdje. Only Ana is here.
As you can see, the word samo doesn’t affect the words following it.
The word osim is similar; it’s mostly used with ‘total pronouns’ (don’t forget that
they change through cases!):
svi... osim... everyone... except...
sve... osim... everything... except...
nitko... osim... nobody... except...
ništa... osim... nothing... except...
There’s one important difference between samo and osim: when osim is used
before nouns (or adjectives + nouns), it affects them if they are in A or N and
changes them into the genitive case. (That’s why osim is frequently listed as a
preposition used with G; actually, it’s a word that doesn’t fit into any category.) To
illustrate this:
Pojest ću sve A osim salate G . (A → G) I’ll eat (up) everything except the salad.
Poslao sam razglednicu A svima DL osim mami DL . I sent a picture postcard to everyone
except my mum.
Check how the noun in the sentence about postcards stays in the DL case. The
change also happens in the nominative case:
Svi N su ovdje osim Ane G . (N → G) Everyone’s here except for Ana.
Of course, osim can be used with ‘total adverbs’ as well:
svugdje... osim... everywhere... except...
uvijek... osim... always... except...
nigdje... osim... nowhere... except...
nikad(a)... osim... never... except...
etc.
Another word, umjesto, is used in a very similar way to osim. It means instead of:
Otišli smo u kino A umjesto u restoran A . We went to the cinema otići past-mpl
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