EasyCroatian_r47.an

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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 66 Smoking is Dangerous: Verbal Nouns 386 / 600When a verb uses an object in accusative, the matching gerund, if it has a nounserving as an object, will use the genitive case instead:Perem kosu A . (A) I’m washing my hair.pratiPranje N kose G je dosadno N . (G) Washing hair is boring.The opposite holds for verbs that cannot have objects at all – the noun in genitiveafter the gerund stands for a subject:Lišće N pada. (N) Leaves are falling.Volim padanje A lišća G . (G) ‘I like falling of leaves.’Objects in other cases are sometimes changed to na¨ + A:Sjećam se nje G . (G) I remember her.3fsjećanje na nju A (na¨ + A) memory of her3f ASome gerunds have specific meanings and are no longer felt connected to verbs.Common ones, derived from impf. verbs, are:mišljenje opinionpitanje questionputovanje travel, tripznačenje meaningznanje knowledgeThere are also verbal nouns with specific meanings derived from perf. verbs:iznenađenje surpriseobjašnjenje explanationobećanje promiseolakšanje reliefopravdanje excuseosvježenje refreshmentupozorenje warningstanje stateuzbuđenje excitementThere are more, this is not an exhaustive list by any means. Some words have a bitdifferent stress when they have a specific meaning. The same thing happened tosome English forms, e.g. painting is derived from paint, but it has a specific meaningas well.For some reasons I never really understood, some verbs don’t use this pattern at all.For instance, you would expect that from the verb patiti suffer there’s a gerund‘paćenje’, but there isn’t. There are a couple of other patterns to get gerund-likenouns. One is to add -nja to the verb, after discarding -ti and the vowel before it(some consonants are shifted as well):mrziti hate → mržnja ®patiti suffer → patnjapaziti be careful → pažnjaprijetiti threaten → prijetnjašetati stroll → šetnjavoziti drive → vožnjaTwo more verbs have such gerund-like nouns:štedjeti/štediti (štedi) save (money) → štednjašutjeti/šutiti (šuti) be silent → šutnja ®
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 66 Smoking is Dangerous: Verbal Nouns 387 / 600One common verb uses both the regular way and adding -nja:graditi build →građenjegradnjaAnother way is to change verbs ending in -avati (pres-3 -aje) to -aja:prodavati (prodaje) sell → prodajaudavati (udaje) se² marry (woman to man) → udajaImpf. verbs derived from ići (...) go and similar motion verbs have usually gerund-likenouns in -ak which turns into just an -k- before any case ending:dolaziti come → dolazak (dolask-) arrivalodlaziti leave → odlazak (dolask-) departureThere are more common verbs that follow this pattern, some of them perfective:početi (počne) perf. begin → početak (početk-) beginningrastati (rastane) se² perf. separate → rastanak (rastank-) parting, farewellsastati (sastane) se² perf. meet → sastanak (sastank-) meetingTherefore, sastanak (sastank-) meeting is just a gerund-like noun derived from averb.Some verbs (with inf in -iti) derive verbal nouns by adding -ba or -dba; common onesare:boriti se² fight → borba fightploviti sail, navigate → plovidba navigationusporediti («) perf. compare → usporedba comparison ®There is the verbal noun plovljenje, but it’s very rarely used.The transport verbs (ones derived from nositi carry, voditi lead and voziti drive)often have root verbal nouns, that is, with forms having just -nos, -vod and -voz,without any additional ending:odnositi («) se² relate → odnos relationponositi («) se² be proud → ponos prideizvoziti («) export → izvoz export (noun)If the underlying verbs have the prefix pre-, it’s changed to prije- in the verbal nouns:prevoditi («) translate → prijevod translationprevoziti («) transport → prijevoz transport (noun)However, the noun prijevod really means the result, and not the process – there’sthe regular verbal noun prevođenje for the process – therefore, it’s really anothertype of the verbal noun, associated with the perfective aspect, the outcome.There are more verb pairs which have two associated verbal nouns – the ‘perfective’
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Easy Croatian© Daniel N. 2009-2019
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ContentsIntroduction 601 Alphabet a
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84 Western Urban Speech 46785 Small
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Introducon
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 01 Alphabe
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 02 Simples
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 02 Simples
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 03 Objects
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 04 No, Oen
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 04 No, Oen
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 05 Accusav
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 06 Desnaon
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 07 Verbs w
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 08 Weather
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 08 Weather
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 09 Numbers
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 09 Numbers
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 10 Gender
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 11 Colors,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 12 Simple
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 13 She Lov
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 14 My and
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 15 Locaons
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 16 Giving
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 17 Adjecve
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 17 Adjecve
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 18 This an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 19 Your, A
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 20 At My F
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 20 At My F
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 21 Origins
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 22 Here I
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 23 I’m C
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 24 Past Te
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 25 Plural
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 26 Yes or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 26 Yes or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 27 Body 15
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 28 Asking
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 30 Three B
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 30 Three B
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 31 First,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 32 Love an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 32 Love an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 33 School
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 34 Stresse
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 35 Tools a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 36 Dave/Lo
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 36 Dave/Lo
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 37 Complet
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 38 Needs,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 39 Would,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 39 Would,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 40 Future
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 41 Somewhe
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 41 Somewhe
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 42 Come In
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 43 And, Or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 44 Genive
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 45 Quanes
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 46 More th
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 46 More th
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 47 Of Flow
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 48 Wholes,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 49 For 7 H
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 50 Because
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 50 Because
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 51 For Day
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 51 For Day
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 52 Stand,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 54 When, W
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 55 More Pr
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 55 More Pr
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 56 Desires
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 57 Whose,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 57 Whose,
Page 335 and 336: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 58 Colloqu
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Page 385: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 66 Smoking
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 78 Dijete
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 79 You’r
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 80 Present
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 80 Present
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 81 Sneeze
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 82 Visible
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 82 Visible
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 83 Depth a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 83 Depth a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 84 Western
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 85 Small a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 85 Small a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 86 More Ve
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 86 More Ve
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 87 Player,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 88 Weird W
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 88 Weird W
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 89 Customs
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 90 Number-
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 90 Number-
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 91 Taboo W
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 99 Aorist
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A1 Nouns a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A1 Nouns a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A3 Verbs 5
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A5 Word Or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A5 Word Or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A7 Stress
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A7 Stress
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A8 Dialect
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A9 Bosnian
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L1 Common
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L2 Countri
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L2 Countri
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L3 Cies an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L3 Cies an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Core Dicon
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Index 597
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Keys to Ex
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