EasyCroatian_r47.an

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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 64 The Door Opens: Fun with se² 372 / 60064 The Door Opens: Fun with se²Imagine you stand in front of a door, and the door starts to open. You don’t seewho is opening the door, and it could be some automatic mechanism anyway. Youwould say:The door is opening.In English, many verbs like open can be used in two meanings: open something andbecome open (this is sometimes called ‘causative alternation’).This is not possible in Croatian for almost all verbs (you’ll also see few exceptions). Ifyou want to express ‘get open’, you have to use the ‘magic’ word – se²:Vrata N se otvaraju. The door is opening.(In Croatian, the noun vrata door exists in plural only.) If you know Spanish (or asimilar Romance language) this is probably quite familiar to you. Actually, everythingthat follows is more or less exactly like in Spanish – with a difference that Croatianhas only one form of se². There are also many of similarities with French, Germanand Swedish, and – unfortunately – not much in comparison to English. Justcompare the sentences:(French) La porte s’ouvre.(Spanish)(Swedish)La puerta se abre.Dörren öppnas.Vrata se otvaraju.(Swedish appends an -s to a verb, while Spanish and Croatian have free particles.French se gets fused with the following word if it starts with a vowel.)I’m going to call this use of se² the mediopassive (like in Spanish grammars); it’soften also called se²-passive.First, you should use the mediopassive when you don’t know who is doing something(e.g. who is opening the door), it seems as if nobody caused it, or it’s not important:Kuća N se brzo prodala. The house sold quickly.Čaša N se razbila. The glass broke.Lopta N se probušila. The ball punctured.Observe how kuća house is really the subject here, so past forms must be in thefeminine gender. The following sentences are examples of ‘anticausative’ – nobodycauses the ice-cream to melt, it melts ‘on its own’ (of course, the real cause is theheat from the environment):More N se ohladilo. The sea has cooled down.Sladoled N se topi. The ice-cream is melting.This can also be expressed with passive adjectives in Croatian:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 64 The Door Opens: Fun with se² 373 / 600Kuća N je brzo prodana N . The house was sold quickly.However, you have to use the mediopassive construction if you express somethingongoing: in the following sentence, the implied meaning is that people buy yogurt allthe time (imperfective), not that all the yogurt has sold (perfective):Jogurt N se dobro prodaje. Yogurt sells well.prodavatiGenerally, passive adjectives of impf. verbs are rarely used – except for severalverbs, such as e.g. kuhan cooked, gledan watched, and so on (check 61 Cake isEaten: Passive Adjectives). For most impf. verbs, the se²-passive is preferred.The kinds of passives in Croatian (one with se², another with passive adjectives)correspond well to two kinds of passives in German, one with werden and anotherwith sein:Prozor N se zatvara. = (Ger.) Das Fenster wird geschlossen.Prozor N je zatvoren N . = (Ger.) Das Fenster ist geschlossen.German has also the third possibility: passives with sich, that basically translateword-for-word into Croatian se²-passive, word order aside; for example, comparetranslations of this Latin phrase (which uses the passive, having here ‘on its own’, i.e.‘medial’ meaning):(Latin) Omnia mutantur.(German)(Swedish)Alles ändert sich.Allting förändras.Sve N se mijenja.Everything changes.Swedish has again the suffix -s appended to the verb förändra.The se²-passive is also used to express how easy (or hard) something can be done(without expressing who is doing it, since it’s not important anyway):Prozor N se lako otvara. The window opens easily.This again corresponds exactly to e.g. French reflexive passive – this example isalmost word for word:(French) La fenêtre s’ouvre difficilement. The window opens ‘difficultly’.Prozor N se teško otvara. = The window is difficult to open.The mediopassive is also used when something is ‘for sale’, or ‘for rent’, so it’s notsold yet:Prodaje se kuća N . The house is for sale. (lit. ‘being sold’)prodavatiYou can often see notices like prodaje se or iznajmljuje se for rent, for example:
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Easy Croatian© Daniel N. 2009-2019
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ContentsIntroduction 601 Alphabet a
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84 Western Urban Speech 46785 Small
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Introducon
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 01 Alphabe
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 02 Simples
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 02 Simples
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 03 Objects
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 04 No, Oen
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 04 No, Oen
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 05 Accusav
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 06 Desnaon
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 07 Verbs w
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 08 Weather
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 08 Weather
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 09 Numbers
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 09 Numbers
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 10 Gender
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 11 Colors,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 12 Simple
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 13 She Lov
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 14 My and
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 15 Locaons
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 16 Giving
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 17 Adjecve
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 17 Adjecve
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 18 This an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 19 Your, A
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 20 At My F
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 20 At My F
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 21 Origins
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 22 Here I
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 23 I’m C
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 24 Past Te
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 25 Plural
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 26 Yes or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 26 Yes or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 27 Body 15
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 28 Asking
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 30 Three B
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 30 Three B
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 31 First,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 32 Love an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 32 Love an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 33 School
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 34 Stresse
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 35 Tools a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 36 Dave/Lo
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 36 Dave/Lo
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 37 Complet
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 38 Needs,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 39 Would,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 39 Would,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 40 Future
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 41 Somewhe
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 41 Somewhe
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 42 Come In
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 43 And, Or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 44 Genive
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 45 Quanes
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 46 More th
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 46 More th
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 47 Of Flow
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 48 Wholes,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 49 For 7 H
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 50 Because
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 50 Because
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 51 For Day
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 51 For Day
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 52 Stand,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 54 When, W
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Page 321 and 322: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 55 More Pr
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 74 It Just
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 75 Friends
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 75 Friends
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 76 Inner,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 77 As If:
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 78 Dijete
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 79 You’r
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 80 Present
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 80 Present
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 81 Sneeze
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 82 Visible
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 82 Visible
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 83 Depth a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 83 Depth a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 84 Western
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 85 Small a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 85 Small a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 86 More Ve
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 86 More Ve
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 87 Player,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 88 Weird W
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 88 Weird W
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 89 Customs
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 90 Number-
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 90 Number-
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 91 Taboo W
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 99 Aorist
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 99 Aorist
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A1 Nouns a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A1 Nouns a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A3 Verbs 5
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A5 Word Or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A5 Word Or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A7 Stress
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A7 Stress
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A8 Dialect
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A9 Bosnian
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L1 Common
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L2 Countri
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L2 Countri
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L3 Cies an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L3 Cies an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Core Dicon
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Index 597
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Keys to Ex
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