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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 53 Giving Orders 310 / 600So, this is a way Croatian expresses indefiniteness of objects: by using imperfectiveverbs for irreversible actions.There is another “special verb” – hajde – also having only imperative forms, that isused to encourage (like c’mon!):Hajde, dođi! C’mon, come!Both special verbs can be used on their own in speech:Nemoj! Don’t!Hajde! C’mon!The verb hajde has slightly irregular forms and also has several colloquial forms.They are all listed here, together with forms of the verb nemoj:verb imper-2 imper-1pl imper-2plnegative nemoj nemojmo nemojteencouraging(colloq.)hajdeajdehajdemoajmohajdeajdeThere’s another verb that can be used colloquially to encourage or strengthenimperatives:dati perf. giveThis is a perfective verb, and its imperative is used together the imperative of themain verb. For example:Daj, čekaj me A ! C’mon, wait for me!1There are few exceptions to the rules above, relating to the 1st person plural. Forthe verb ići (ide, išao, išla) go, instead of the expected idimo, the present tense formidemo is used; it applies only to the imper-1pl – other forms are as expected:imper-2 imper-1pl imper-2plidi idemo iditeFurthermore, in colloquial speech, imper-1pl forms aren’t often used. Instead,hajdemo / ajmo + inf is more common.However, there’s one imper-1pl frequent in speech and writing: recimo, derivedfrom the already mentioned reći, meaning of course let’s say (and thereforesuppose, for example etc.).________® In the “Ekavian” pronunciation, which completely prevails in Serbia, there’s anexception in speech from this rule for the “Ekavian” verb razumeti understand: its
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 53 Giving Orders 311 / 600imper-2 a bit unexpected razumi, and so on. However, Standard Serbian insists onthe imper-2 form razumej – according to the above rules – which is followed by veryfew people in real life, and a source of endless debates on the Internet about whatis ‘right’. Even very educated public figures in Serbia vowed they will stick withrazumi, regardless of what the official Serbian grammar says.Standard Serbian insists on the imper-2 forms boj and broj, which are rare in speech,while Croatian allows boji and broji.Using impf. verb in imperatives to say that we want somebody to start immediatelydoing something seems (to me) less common in Croatia, and more common inBosnia and Serbia.• ExamplesThe song Sanjaj me Dream of me, was the breakthrough hit by Novi fosili in 1977;they soon became the most popular Croatian pop group.The song contains just two parts, both are sung twice. The first part has acharacteristic melody:Ugasnut će jednom ljubav naša N Our love will die out oncefNegdje drugdje gnijezda A ćemo sviti We’ll weave nests somewhere elseUspomene A odnijet će vrijeme N Time will carry away memoriesU albumu DL ni slike G neće biti There won’t be a single picture in the albumNote how the word order is unusual, subject coming last, emphasizing words thatcome first, adjectives coming after nouns. The phrase negdje drugdje somewhereelse (lit. ‘somewhere elsewhere’) is very common. The verb sviti (svije) perf. bend,weave is seldom used, mostly with gnijezdo nest as the object. The verb odnijetiperf. carry away is irregular; it will be explained in 65 Carry, Bring, Drive: TransportVerbs.The rare verb ugasnuti (ugasne) perf. go out, die out was also used in the song usedas an example in 43 And, Or, But: Basic Conjunctions – both are written by the sameperson.The last verse uses ni + G to enhance negation, meaning not even a; suchconstructions will be explained in 67 Only, Except, Too: Inclusion and Exclusion.The second part, the chorus, has a simple melody. The form sanjaj is an imperative.The Croatian verb sanjati dream can be used both with A and o¨ + DL, and using justA if quite common.The second verse is a time clause (they will be explained in the next chapter). Withinit, there’s za me for me i.e. preposition + short form of pronoun, which is archaic inspeech in most regions (za mene is normally used) but found in poetry. That versecontain a negative existential phrase with two things in G, linked by ni¨.
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Easy Croatian© Daniel N. 2009-2019
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ContentsIntroduction 601 Alphabet a
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84 Western Urban Speech 46785 Small
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Introducon
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 01 Alphabe
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 02 Simples
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 02 Simples
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 03 Objects
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 04 No, Oen
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 04 No, Oen
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 05 Accusav
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 06 Desnaon
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 07 Verbs w
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 08 Weather
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 08 Weather
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 09 Numbers
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 09 Numbers
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 10 Gender
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 11 Colors,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 12 Simple
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 13 She Lov
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 14 My and
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 15 Locaons
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 16 Giving
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 17 Adjecve
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 17 Adjecve
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 18 This an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 19 Your, A
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 20 At My F
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 20 At My F
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 21 Origins
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 22 Here I
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 23 I’m C
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 24 Past Te
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 25 Plural
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 26 Yes or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 26 Yes or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 27 Body 15
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 28 Asking
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 30 Three B
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 30 Three B
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 31 First,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 32 Love an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 32 Love an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 33 School
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 34 Stresse
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 35 Tools a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 36 Dave/Lo
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 36 Dave/Lo
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 37 Complet
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 38 Needs,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 39 Would,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 39 Would,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 40 Future
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 41 Somewhe
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 41 Somewhe
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 42 Come In
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 43 And, Or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 44 Genive
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Page 261 and 262: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 44 Genive
Page 263 and 264: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 45 Quanes
Page 269 and 270: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 46 More th
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Page 273 and 274: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 47 Of Flow
Page 279 and 280: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 48 Wholes,
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Page 291 and 292: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 50 Because
Page 293 and 294: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 50 Because
Page 295 and 296: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 51 For Day
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Page 299 and 300: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 52 Stand,
Page 307 and 308: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 53 Giving
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Page 321 and 322: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 55 More Pr
Page 323 and 324: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 55 More Pr
Page 325 and 326: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 56 Desires
Page 331 and 332: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 57 Whose,
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Page 335 and 336: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 58 Colloqu
Page 343 and 344: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 59 Knowing
Page 351 and 352: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 60 More Us
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 62 The Fri
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 63 Bigger
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 64 The Doo
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 65 Carry,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 66 Smoking
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 67 Only, E
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 68 Three M
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 69 Memorie
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 70 If I We
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 70 If I We
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 71 Suggeso
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 72 Address
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 72 Address
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 73 Learnin
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 74 It Just
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 74 It Just
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 75 Friends
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 75 Friends
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 76 Inner,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 77 As If:
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 78 Dijete
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 79 You’r
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 80 Present
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 80 Present
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 81 Sneeze
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 82 Visible
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 82 Visible
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 83 Depth a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 83 Depth a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 84 Western
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 85 Small a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 85 Small a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 86 More Ve
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 86 More Ve
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 87 Player,
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 88 Weird W
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 88 Weird W
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 89 Customs
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 90 Number-
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 90 Number-
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 91 Taboo W
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 99 Aorist
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 99 Aorist
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A1 Nouns a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A1 Nouns a
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A3 Verbs 5
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A5 Word Or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A5 Word Or
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A7 Stress
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A7 Stress
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A8 Dialect
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A9 Bosnian
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L1 Common
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L2 Countri
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L2 Countri
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L3 Cies an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L3 Cies an
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Core Dicon
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Index 597
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Keys to Ex
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