EasyCroatian_r47.an
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 36 Dave/Locave and Instrumental Plural 212 / 600already explained, it’s often not respected).The second one has od¨ + G-pl since vrganji penny bun mushrooms are the mainingredient: the soup is literally made out of them. (The G-pl forms are yet to beexplained, but here it’s just -a.) The word krem is here used as an indeclinableadjective added to juha soup (sometimes the whole thing is spelled as a compound,e.g. krem-juha).• ExerciseComplete the sentences below:Goran je ______________(a) škole. Goran is in front of the school.Bili smo na ______________(b) ______________(c). We were on nice beaches.Imam vrećicu ____(d) __________________(e). I have the bag with the sandwiches.Check answers here.
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 37 Complete Reading: Perfecve Verbs 213 / 60037 Complete Reading: Perfective VerbsI’ve already mentioned that some Croatian verbs stand for accomplishments, whilemost verbs stand for processes (there are more types, but these two are the mostcommon). This distinction – an essential feature of Croatian verbs – is called verbalaspect (or grammatical aspect).The following two sentences illustrate the essence of verbal aspect:Jučer sam čitala knjigu A . I was reading the book yesterday. (some of it)Jučer sam pročitala knjigu A . I read the book yesterday. (completed it)Now, the second sentence means that you completed the reading yesterday. Youcould, in principle, have started earlier, but the essential part, the accomplishment,was done yesterday. And this is constantly expressed in Croatian: whether there wasa completion of the action or not. Using the first sentence implies there was somereading, but not if you completed it or not.In previous versions of this ‘course’, I translated pročitati as read through. But that’snot accurate: read through implies careful, close reading, when you pay closeattention, or look for errors. The verb pročitati has no such implications – it justimplies the reading is completed.Therefore, one English verb (read) corresponds to two Croatian verbs: čitati andpročitati. So, how to make perfective verbs?Some perfective verbs are obtained from impf. verbs just by adding a prefix.Unfortunately, not all verbs get the same prefix. Some get po-, for instance:imperfective verbjesti (jede) eatpiti (pije) drinkslati (šalje) sendperfectivepojesti (pojede)popiti (popije)poslati (pošalje)Since it’s important to remember both verbs, the only option is to remember verbsin pairs. I will indicate them with the impf. verb on the left, perf. on the right,separated by a tilde (~):impf.↓perf.↓čitati ~ pročitati readpiti (pije) ~ popiti (popije) drinkTo simplify things even further, if a perfective verb differs just by a prefix, I’ll showjust the prefix, e.g.:čitati ~ pro- read piti (pije) ~ po- drink
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 36 Dave/Locave and Instrumental Plural 212 / 600
already explained, it’s often not respected).
The second one has od¨ + G-pl since vrganji penny bun mushrooms are the main
ingredient: the soup is literally made out of them. (The G-pl forms are yet to be
explained, but here it’s just -a.) The word krem is here used as an indeclinable
adjective added to juha soup (sometimes the whole thing is spelled as a compound,
e.g. krem-juha).
• Exercise
Complete the sentences below:
Goran je ______________(a) škole. Goran is in front of the school.
Bili smo na ______________(b) ______________(c). We were on nice beaches.
Imam vrećicu ____(d) __________________(e). I have the bag with the sandwiches.
Check answers here.
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