EasyCroatian_r47.an

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 35 Tools and Means, With and Without 202 / 60035 Tools and Means, With and WithoutIt’s time to introduce one more case. It’s called instrumental (just I for short), andamong other things, it has to do with instruments and tools. We’ll learn it in singularfirst. The endings are:noun type (N)Inouns in -a (≈ fem.) -a → -omneuter nouns (≈ in -o, -e) add -mmasc. nouns not in -a add -om (some -em)fem. not in -a (e.g. noć) add -iSome masculine nouns get ending -em instead of -om if they end in a Croatianspecificletter – the same principle as for DL of adjectives. Two masc. nouns that getplural on -evi despite not ending in a Croatian-specific consonant, get -em ininstrumental as well:car emperor → carem put way → putemThis is often seen with other nouns in -r as well, but it’s optional for them. Mostnouns ending in -c get -evi as well:otac (oc-) father → ocem stric uncle → stricemThere are many uses of the instrumental case – some quite surprising, involving timeand so on – but the use it got named after is for tools and means. For instance:Pišem olovkom I . I’m writing with a pen.Putujem vlakom I . I’m traveling by train. ®These are often used nouns for means of transportation:auto (aut-) m carautobusʷ¹ busavion airplanebicikl bicyclebrod shiptaksi (taksij-) m taxitramvaj tramvlak train ®pisatiputovatiFor example:Na posao A idem biciklom I . I go to work by bicycle.ićiThe instrumental case of noga foot is not used to express that you walk, it’s usedonly as a ‘tool’, e.g. if you kick something with your foot. There are specific adverbsin Croatian to express ‘by foot’, as a way of transport:pješke / pješice by footThere’s another way to express tools, mostly when you want to emphasize that youused a tool, especially an unusual tool for the task:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 35 Tools and Means, With and Without 203 / 600pomoću + G usingCertain verbs use objects in the instrumental case. One of them is:baviti se² be engaged in/with, pursueThis verb looks hard to translate, but it simply means you are doing something (oftenregularly), either as your paid job, as a kind of duty, work at home, or as recreation.For example:Marko N se bavi sportom I . Marko is doing sports.The personal pronouns have the following forms in the instrumental case (there areno shorter and longer forms in instrumental, only one form exists):pers. (N N ) I1st (ja) mnom2nd (ti) tobomrefl. (self) sobom3rd f (ona) njom3rd n (ono)3rd m (on)njimThe instrumental case of nouns and pronouns is often used with severalprepositions. Often used ones are:pred¨ + I in front of s¨ / sa¨ + I withThis is the same s¨ / sa¨ as used with G, it just has a different meaning with I. It’soften used with the following verbs:igrati se² playrazgovarati («) talk, discussFor example:Ivan N razgovara s Marijom I . Ivan is talking to Marija.Goran N se igrao sa mnom I . Goran was playing with me.With the I of the pers. pronoun ja – mnom – the longer sa¨ is always used, and bothwords are pronounced together, with the stress on the preposition: "samnom".Otherwise, normal rules for s¨ vs. sa¨ apply; the rules are often violated in real life infavor of sa¨, as on this (officially installed) parking sign in Zagreb:
Page 1 and 2:
Easy Croatian© Daniel N. 2009-2019
Page 3 and 4:
ContentsIntroduction 601 Alphabet a
Page 5 and 6:
84 Western Urban Speech 46785 Small
Page 7 and 8:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Introducon
Page 9 and 10:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 01 Alphabe
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 02 Simples
Page 17 and 18:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 02 Simples
Page 19 and 20:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 03 Objects
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 04 No, Oen
Page 27 and 28:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 04 No, Oen
Page 29 and 30:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 05 Accusav
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 06 Desnaon
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 07 Verbs w
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 08 Weather
Page 51 and 52:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 08 Weather
Page 53 and 54:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 09 Numbers
Page 55 and 56:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 09 Numbers
Page 57 and 58:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 10 Gender
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 11 Colors,
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 12 Simple
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 13 She Lov
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 14 My and
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 15 Locaons
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 16 Giving
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 17 Adjecve
Page 103 and 104:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 17 Adjecve
Page 105 and 106:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 18 This an
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 19 Your, A
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 20 At My F
Page 119 and 120:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 20 At My F
Page 121 and 122:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 21 Origins
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 22 Here I
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 23 I’m C
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 24 Past Te
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 25 Plural
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 25 Plural
Page 153 and 154: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 26 Yes or
Page 155 and 156: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 26 Yes or
Page 157 and 158: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 27 Body 15
Page 163 and 164: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 28 Asking
Page 175 and 176: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 30 Three B
Page 177 and 178: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 30 Three B
Page 179 and 180: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 31 First,
Page 185 and 186: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 32 Love an
Page 187 and 188: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 32 Love an
Page 189 and 190: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 33 School
Page 197 and 198: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 34 Stresse
Page 199 and 200: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 34 Stresse
Page 201: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 34 Stresse
Page 205 and 206: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 35 Tools a
Page 207 and 208: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 35 Tools a
Page 209 and 210: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 36 Dave/Lo
Page 211 and 212: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 36 Dave/Lo
Page 213 and 214: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 37 Complet
Page 221 and 222: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 38 Needs,
Page 229 and 230: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 39 Would,
Page 231 and 232: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 39 Would,
Page 233 and 234: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 40 Future
Page 239 and 240: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 41 Somewhe
Page 241 and 242: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 41 Somewhe
Page 243 and 244: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 42 Come In
Page 251 and 252: Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 43 And, Or
Page 253 and 254:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 43 And, Or
Page 255 and 256:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 43 And, Or
Page 257 and 258:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 44 Genive
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 45 Quanes
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 46 More th
Page 271 and 272:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 46 More th
Page 273 and 274:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 47 Of Flow
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 48 Wholes,
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 49 For 7 H
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 50 Because
Page 293 and 294:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 50 Because
Page 295 and 296:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 51 For Day
Page 297 and 298:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 51 For Day
Page 299 and 300:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 52 Stand,
Page 301 and 302:
Page 303 and 304:
Page 305 and 306:
Page 307 and 308:
Page 309 and 310:
Page 311 and 312:
Page 313 and 314:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 54 When, W
Page 315 and 316:
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
Page 321 and 322:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 55 More Pr
Page 323 and 324:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 55 More Pr
Page 325 and 326:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 56 Desires
Page 327 and 328:
Page 329 and 330:
Page 331 and 332:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 57 Whose,
Page 333 and 334:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 57 Whose,
Page 335 and 336:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 58 Colloqu
Page 337 and 338:
Page 339 and 340:
Page 341 and 342:
Page 343 and 344:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 59 Knowing
Page 345 and 346:
Page 347 and 348:
Page 349 and 350:
Page 351 and 352:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 60 More Us
Page 353 and 354:
Page 355 and 356:
Page 357 and 358:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 61 Cake is
Page 359 and 360:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 61 Cake is
Page 361 and 362:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 62 The Fri
Page 363 and 364:
Page 365 and 366:
Page 367 and 368:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 63 Bigger
Page 369 and 370:
Page 371 and 372:
Page 373 and 374:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 64 The Doo
Page 375 and 376:
Page 377 and 378:
Page 379 and 380:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 65 Carry,
Page 381 and 382:
Page 383 and 384:
Page 385 and 386:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 66 Smoking
Page 387 and 388:
Page 389 and 390:
Page 391 and 392:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 67 Only, E
Page 393 and 394:
Page 395 and 396:
Page 397 and 398:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 68 Three M
Page 399 and 400:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 69 Memorie
Page 401 and 402:
Page 403 and 404:
Page 405 and 406:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 70 If I We
Page 407 and 408:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 70 If I We
Page 409 and 410:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 71 Suggeso
Page 411 and 412:
Page 413 and 414:
Page 415 and 416:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 72 Address
Page 417 and 418:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 72 Address
Page 419 and 420:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 73 Learnin
Page 421 and 422:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 74 It Just
Page 423 and 424:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 74 It Just
Page 425 and 426:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 75 Friends
Page 427 and 428:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 75 Friends
Page 429 and 430:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 76 Inner,
Page 431 and 432:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 77 As If:
Page 433 and 434:
Page 435 and 436:
Page 437 and 438:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 78 Dijete
Page 439 and 440:
Page 441 and 442:
Page 443 and 444:
Page 445 and 446:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 79 You’r
Page 447 and 448:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 79 You’r
Page 449 and 450:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 80 Present
Page 451 and 452:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 80 Present
Page 453 and 454:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 81 Sneeze
Page 455 and 456:
Page 457 and 458:
Page 459 and 460:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 82 Visible
Page 461 and 462:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 82 Visible
Page 463 and 464:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 83 Depth a
Page 465 and 466:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 83 Depth a
Page 467 and 468:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 84 Western
Page 469 and 470:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 85 Small a
Page 471 and 472:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 85 Small a
Page 473 and 474:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 86 More Ve
Page 475 and 476:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 86 More Ve
Page 477 and 478:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 87 Player,
Page 479 and 480:
Page 481 and 482:
Page 483 and 484:
Page 485 and 486:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 88 Weird W
Page 487 and 488:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 88 Weird W
Page 489 and 490:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 89 Customs
Page 491 and 492:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 90 Number-
Page 493 and 494:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 90 Number-
Page 495 and 496:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 91 Taboo W
Page 497 and 498:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 99 Aorist
Page 499 and 500:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 99 Aorist
Page 501 and 502:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A1 Nouns a
Page 503 and 504:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A1 Nouns a
Page 505 and 506:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A3 Verbs 5
Page 507 and 508:
Page 509 and 510:
Page 511 and 512:
Page 513 and 514:
Page 515 and 516:
Page 517 and 518:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A5 Word Or
Page 519 and 520:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A5 Word Or
Page 521 and 522:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A7 Stress
Page 523 and 524:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A7 Stress
Page 525 and 526:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A8 Dialect
Page 527 and 528:
Page 529 and 530:
Page 531 and 532:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / A9 Bosnian
Page 533 and 534:
Page 535 and 536:
Page 537 and 538:
Page 539 and 540:
Page 541 and 542:
Page 543 and 544:
Page 545 and 546:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L1 Common
Page 547 and 548:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L2 Countri
Page 549 and 550:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L2 Countri
Page 551 and 552:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L3 Cies an
Page 553 and 554:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / L3 Cies an
Page 555 and 556:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Core Dicon
Page 557 and 558:
Page 559 and 560:
Page 561 and 562:
Page 563 and 564:
Page 565 and 566:
Page 567 and 568:
Page 569 and 570:
Page 571 and 572:
Page 573 and 574:
Page 575 and 576:
Page 577 and 578:
Page 579 and 580:
Page 581 and 582:
Page 583 and 584:
Page 585 and 586:
Page 587 and 588:
Page 589 and 590:
Page 591 and 592:
Page 593 and 594:
Page 595 and 596:
Page 597 and 598:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Index 597
Page 599 and 600:
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / Keys to Ex
show all

EasyCroatian_r47.an

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?