EasyCroatian_r47.an
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 21 Origins 122 / 600with kod¨ + G:Ana N odlazi od zubara G . Ana is leaving the dentist’s office.To ask where from something or someone goes/comes, just start a question withone of these two words:odakle / otkud(a) where... fromAs usual, nothing else except this word is needed, no change of word order:Odakle si? Where are you from?— Iz Rijeke G . From Rijeka.Odakle dolazi ta buka N ? Where is that noise coming from?— S plaže G . From the beach.This table nicely summarizes three types of destinations, locations and origins, andthe various question-words:u¨ + Au sobu Ato the roomna¨ + Ana plažu Ato the beachDLzubaru DLto dentist’skamo...?where... to?u¨ + DLu sobi DLin the roomna¨ + DLna plaži DLat the beachkod¨ + Gkod zubara Gat dentist’sgdje...?where... ?iz¨ + Giz sobe Gfrom the rooms¨ / sa¨ + Gs plaže Gfrom the beachod¨ + God zubara Gfrom dentist’sodakle...?otkud(a)...?where... from?You will hear quite often kod¨ + G used colloquially ® for destinations as wellinstead of just DL:Ana N ide kod zubara G . (colloq.) Ana going to the dentist’s.ićiThere’s an often used adverb of space standing for a specific origin:odavde from hereIt’s always used to express that meaning, you cannot say "od ovdje".Prepositions od¨ and do¨ are frequently used to indicate start and end points. Theyare also used to indicate when something starts and when ends, that is, origin andend in time:Radim od osam do četiri. I work from 8 to 4.With time adverbs, there are the following very often used combinations for time
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 21 Origins 123 / 600origins:otkad(a) ‘since when‘, from what timeodsad(a) from now, now onotad(a) from thenodavno since a long time agoodnedavno recently (since a recent moment)You will sometimes see the first three spelled separately – od kada, od sada, odtada – that’s not strictly standard in Croatian, but often used.®The adverbs odavno and odnedavno have no exact English equivalents, but theyare easy to understand – something started either a long time ago or a short timeago (of course, the ‘short time’ depends on the context).The question-word otkad(a) has also no exact English equivalent: it’s used when wewant to ask when something ongoing has started (such questions are much moreprecise than generic "how long", so Croatian prefers them):Otkada Goran N spava? lit. ‘Since what time is Goran sleeping?’— Od podneva G . Since noon.Here, we used the noun:podne (podnev-) noonIt’s sometimes used as indeclinable, so you’ll hear also od podne.There are matching time end points as well:dokad(a) ‘until when’dosad(a) until nowdotad(a) until thendonedavno until recently(As for origins, the first three adverbs are sometimes spelled separately.) Forexample:Odavno ne jedem meso A . I haven’t been eating meat ‘since long time ago’. jestiDokad radiš? lit. ‘Until which time do you work?’The adverb odavno points to a start point in time. The action or state might still beongoing: Croatian uses the present tense then.The second sentence cannot be translated to English without rephrasing: it simplyasks for the end point in time for raditi work... Even the first sentence soundsawkward for many English speakers – for a long time is preferred. Croatian,however, has a single word meaning "from a distant moment in the past", so it’soften used.There’s another, very frequent use of the preposition od¨ – to indicate material(understood broadly) something is made of. English uses nouns-as-adjectives
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 21 Origins 123 / 600
origins:
otkad(a) ‘since when‘, from what time
odsad(a) from now, now on
otad(a) from then
odavno since a long time ago
odnedavno recently (since a recent moment)
You will sometimes see the first three spelled separately – od kada, od sada, od
tada – that’s not strictly standard in Croatian, but often used.®
The adverbs odavno and odnedavno have no exact English equivalents, but they
are easy to understand – something started either a long time ago or a short time
ago (of course, the ‘short time’ depends on the context).
The question-word otkad(a) has also no exact English equivalent: it’s used when we
want to ask when something ongoing has started (such questions are much more
precise than generic "how long", so Croatian prefers them):
Otkada Goran N spava? lit. ‘Since what time is Goran sleeping?’
— Od podneva G . Since noon.
Here, we used the noun:
podne (podnev-) noon
It’s sometimes used as indeclinable, so you’ll hear also od podne.
There are matching time end points as well:
dokad(a) ‘until when’
dosad(a) until now
dotad(a) until then
donedavno until recently
(As for origins, the first three adverbs are sometimes spelled separately.) For
example:
Odavno ne jedem meso A . I haven’t been eating meat ‘since long time ago’. jesti
Dokad radiš? lit. ‘Until which time do you work?’
The adverb odavno points to a start point in time. The action or state might still be
ongoing: Croatian uses the present tense then.
The second sentence cannot be translated to English without rephrasing: it simply
asks for the end point in time for raditi work... Even the first sentence sounds
awkward for many English speakers – for a long time is preferred. Croatian,
however, has a single word meaning "from a distant moment in the past", so it’s
often used.
There’s another, very frequent use of the preposition od¨ – to indicate material
(understood broadly) something is made of. English uses nouns-as-adjectives
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