EasyCroatian_r47.an
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 17 Adjecves in Dave/Locave 102 / 600Atlantski ocean Atlantic ocean → u Atlantskom oceanu ®There are more nouns in Croatian that are (historically) adjectives and thereforechange as adjectives. For example, the name of the month of November in Croatianchanges as an adjective. To inform you about it, I will indicate such behavior with(adj.) after the noun:studeni (adj.) November ®Another very frequent use of nouns-that-are-actually-adjectives are names oflanguages. The full name of a language is e.g.:engleski jezik the English languagetalijanskiʷ¹ jezik the Italian languageThey are very often shortened just to adjectives (e.g. engleski, talijanskiʷ¹) whichkeep the gender of the noun jezik – masculine inanimate. Such adjectives that standfor countries of origin and languages are:češki Czechengleski Englishfrancuski Frenchhrvatski Croatiannjemački Germanruski Russiansrpski Serbianšpanjolski Spanish ®švedski Swedishtalijanskiʷ¹ ItalianIf you compare them to the country names above, you can verify that the countrynames are actually just feminine versions of these adjectives. For a comprehensivelist of country names and associated adjectives, check L2 Countries andNationalities.To say that something is in some language, you should use na¨ + adjective in masc.DL:Knjiga N je na njemačkom DL . The book is in German.If you want to ask how to say some word on some other language (includingCroatian) you should use a sentence like this:Kako se kaže „carrot” N na hrvatskom DL ?(Such sentences exactly correspond to Italian come si dice and Spanish cómo se dice,so you will find another similarity to those languages.)If you want to say that you speak or don’t speak a language, you should use the verbznati know:Učim hrvatski A . I’m learning Croatian.Znam engleski A . I ‘know’ English. (= I speakAna N ne zna ruski A . Ana doesn’t ‘know’ Russian. (= doesn’t speak)(I hope you remember that this verb shifts the stress to ne¨ in both Standard and‘western’ stress scheme.)
Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 17 Adjecves in Dave/Locave 103 / 600Adjectives in the three sentences above were in the accusative case; it’s hereidentical to the nominative, since the noun jezik is a masculine noun, not standingfor an animal or people (parts of people don’t count!) so it has accusative identicalto the nominative case.Adjectives listed above can be used anywhere where you want to express thatsomething belongs or originates from a country, e.g.:Amélie N je francuski film N . Amélie is a French movie.Adjectives like njemački are often used with the preposition na¨, to mean languagelessons: either as directions (going to) or locations (attending):Goran N je na engleskom DL . Goran is in the English class/lesson.Sutra idem na engleski A . I’m going to the English class/lesson tomorrow. ićiThe usual distinction of na¨ + A vs. na¨ + DL applies, of course, and adjectives are inthe masculine inanimate gender.However, such adjectives cannot be used on their own to describe persons, youcannot use the word hrvatski for people (e.g. for Croat, or Croatian, a person fromCroatia)! Croatian uses specific nouns for that. Here are just ones for Croat, Bosnianand Serb; as you maybe expect, there are specific words for males and females:malefemaleCroat Hrvat HrvaticaBosnian Bosanac (Bosanc-) BosankaSerb Srbin SrpkinjaFor a comprehensive list of names of persons of various nationalities, check L2Countries and Nationalities.________® Such longer endings of adjectives are extremely rare in Serbia and Bosnia.Instead of autobusniʷ¹, a slightly different adjective is used in Serbia: autobuski.Both forms are used in Bosnia.The word kolodvor is specific to Croatia: in Bosnia and Serbia, just stanica is used.Instead of ocean, a slightly different word okean is used in Serbia and most ofBosnia (note that Croatian c is a completely different sound than k).The word studeni for the month of November is used only in Croatia (rarely inBosnia).Instead of Nizozemska, Španjolska and Švicarska, words Holandija, Španija andŠvajcarska are used in Serbia and most of Bosnia, and the first two words behave asnormal nouns; instead of španjolski, adjective španski prevails there.
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Easy Croaan (rev. 47b) / 17 Adjecves in Dave/Locave 103 / 600
Adjectives in the three sentences above were in the accusative case; it’s here
identical to the nominative, since the noun jezik is a masculine noun, not standing
for an animal or people (parts of people don’t count!) so it has accusative identical
to the nominative case.
Adjectives listed above can be used anywhere where you want to express that
something belongs or originates from a country, e.g.:
Amélie N je francuski film N . Amélie is a French movie.
Adjectives like njemački are often used with the preposition na¨, to mean language
lessons: either as directions (going to) or locations (attending):
Goran N je na engleskom DL . Goran is in the English class/lesson.
Sutra idem na engleski A . I’m going to the English class/lesson tomorrow. ići
The usual distinction of na¨ + A vs. na¨ + DL applies, of course, and adjectives are in
the masculine inanimate gender.
However, such adjectives cannot be used on their own to describe persons, you
cannot use the word hrvatski for people (e.g. for Croat, or Croatian, a person from
Croatia)! Croatian uses specific nouns for that. Here are just ones for Croat, Bosnian
and Serb; as you maybe expect, there are specific words for males and females:
male
female
Croat Hrvat Hrvatica
Bosnian Bosanac (Bosanc-) Bosanka
Serb Srbin Srpkinja
For a comprehensive list of names of persons of various nationalities, check L2
Countries and Nationalities.
________
® Such longer endings of adjectives are extremely rare in Serbia and Bosnia.
Instead of autobusniʷ¹, a slightly different adjective is used in Serbia: autobuski.
Both forms are used in Bosnia.
The word kolodvor is specific to Croatia: in Bosnia and Serbia, just stanica is used.
Instead of ocean, a slightly different word okean is used in Serbia and most of
Bosnia (note that Croatian c is a completely different sound than k).
The word studeni for the month of November is used only in Croatia (rarely in
Bosnia).
Instead of Nizozemska, Španjolska and Švicarska, words Holandija, Španija and
Švajcarska are used in Serbia and most of Bosnia, and the first two words behave as
normal nouns; instead of španjolski, adjective španski prevails there.
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