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Plant health starng from 1 week aer M. phaseolina inoculaon<br />
5.0<br />
4.5<br />
4.0<br />
3.5<br />
1 wk 2 wk 3 wk 4 wk 5 wk 6 wk 7 wk<br />
P = 0.117 0.002 0.182 0.030 0.130 0.038 0.018<br />
a<br />
a a a a<br />
a<br />
a<br />
ab a<br />
bc<br />
bc<br />
a<br />
a ab<br />
ab<br />
ab<br />
ab<br />
abc<br />
bc<br />
bc<br />
a<br />
abc<br />
c<br />
b<br />
bc<br />
Plant health rang<br />
3.0<br />
2.5<br />
2.0<br />
c<br />
bc<br />
bc<br />
c<br />
c<br />
bc<br />
bc<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.5<br />
0.0<br />
Untreated control M. phaseolina Bb 1wk before Mp Ma 1wk before Mp Bb with Mp Ma with Mp Bb 1wk aer Mp Ma 1wk aer Mp<br />
Continued from Page 21<br />
health was monitored for about five<br />
months prior to the commencement of<br />
the study. Conidial suspensions of the<br />
California isolates of B. bassiana and<br />
M. anisopliae s.l. were applied one week<br />
before, one week after, or at the time of<br />
applying microsclerotia of M. phaseolina<br />
to the potting mix. The following<br />
treatments were evaluated in the study:<br />
1. Untreated control<br />
2. Soil inoculated with M. phaseolina<br />
3. Soil inoculated with B. bassiana one<br />
week prior to M. phaseolina inoculation<br />
4. Soil inoculated with M.<br />
anisopliae s.l. one week prior to<br />
M. phaseolina inoculation<br />
5. Soil inoculated with B. bassiana at<br />
the time of M. phaseolina inoculation<br />
6. Soil inoculated with M. anisopliae s.l.<br />
at the time of M. phaseolina inoculation<br />
7. Soil inoculated with B. bassiana one<br />
week after M. phaseolina inoculation<br />
8. Soil inoculated with M.<br />
anisopliae s.l. one week after<br />
M. phaseolina inoculation<br />
EPF were applied as 1X10 10 viable<br />
conidia in 100 ml of 0.01 percent Dyne-<br />
Amic (surfactant) solution distributed<br />
around the base of the plant. To apply<br />
M. phaseolina, 5 grams of infested<br />
cornmeal-sand inoculum containing<br />
2,500 CFU/gram was added to 4-5<br />
cm deep holes around the base of the<br />
plant. Each treatment had six pots<br />
each planted with a single strawberry<br />
plant representing a replication.<br />
Treatments were randomly arranged<br />
within each replication. The study<br />
was repeated a few days after the<br />
initiation of the first experiment.<br />
Plant health was monitored starting<br />
from the first week after the M.<br />
phaseolina inoculation and continued<br />
for seven weeks. Plant health<br />
was rated on a scale of 0 to 5 where<br />
0=dead and 5=very healthy and the rest<br />
of the ratings in between depending<br />
on the extent of wilting. Data from<br />
both experiments were combined and<br />
analyzed by ANOVA using Statistix<br />
software and significant means were<br />
separated using LSD test. The influence<br />
of EPF treatments applied at different<br />
times as well as the combined effect<br />
of different applications within each<br />
fungus were compared for seven<br />
weeks. Ratings for some plants that<br />
were scorched from hot summer<br />
temperatures and died abruptly<br />
were removed from the analyses.<br />
Results<br />
Untreated control plants maintained<br />
good health throughout the observation<br />
period varying between the rating<br />
of 4.3 and 4.9. In general, plant health<br />
declined considerably from the 5th<br />
week after M. phaseolina inoculation.<br />
Plant health appeared to be slightly<br />
better in plants treated with EPF, but<br />
there was no statistically significant<br />
difference in any except one instance.<br />
Plants treated with M. anisopliae<br />
s.l. one week prior to the application<br />
of M. phaseolina had a rating of 3.0<br />
compared to 1.6 rating of plants<br />
inoculated with M. phaseolina alone.<br />
When data from different treatments<br />
Continued on Page 24<br />
22 Progressive Crop Consultant <strong>Nov</strong>ember / <strong>Dec</strong>ember <strong>2019</strong>