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Continued from Page 11<br />
aflatoxin contamination in 2020.<br />
NOW Management is Still Necessary<br />
Aflatoxin contamination becomes a<br />
major problem in years when damage<br />
by navel orangeworm is higher than the<br />
standard low level. Relatively studies<br />
by Drs. Michailides and Palumbo (ARS<br />
(Agricultural Research Service), USDA,<br />
Albany, CA) showed that NOW moths<br />
are heavily contaminated with spores<br />
of aflatoxigenic fungi as soon as they<br />
emerge from mummies in early spring.<br />
Also as the damage on nuts increases<br />
so is the incidence and the amounts<br />
of aflatoxins (Figure 5, see page 11).<br />
Therefore, it is essential to keep up with<br />
navel orangeworm pest management<br />
practices. Growers should use all the<br />
available tools for reducing damage by<br />
NOW to supplement the mummy sanitation,<br />
which should be the first step<br />
towards aflatoxin reduction. Reduction<br />
of NOW damage can also be achieved<br />
by timely harvest, in-season insecticide<br />
sprays, and winter mummy shake.<br />
Where to Find the Product, Learn<br />
More, and Application Services<br />
To learn more about AF36 and its<br />
application, watch two short videos<br />
produced by California Pistachio<br />
Research Board. Although they were<br />
filmed in a pistachio orchard, the<br />
information is useful and accurate<br />
for almond and fig growers.<br />
Western Milling is the distributor<br />
for AF36 in California. Growers can<br />
contact Jeff Chedester, seed business<br />
manager, at (559) 302-2593; and Agri<br />
Systems, Inc., c/o Brendan Brooks, at<br />
559-665-2100 for product information<br />
and application. Distributors for the<br />
second product will be provided as<br />
soon as it is registered in California.<br />
Acknowledgments<br />
The author thanks all his collaborators<br />
for the dedicated research, the<br />
California Pistachio Industry<br />
(California Pistachio Research Board),<br />
the Almond Board of California,<br />
and the California Fig Institute for<br />
their continuous financial support<br />
of these studies. We also thank the<br />
USDA for the initial seed grants<br />
provided by the Aflatoxin Elimination<br />
Technical Committee, and California<br />
Department of Food and Agriculture<br />
(CDFA) (Grant SCB16054). Special<br />
thanks go to Wonderful Orchards<br />
for their continuous support of this<br />
research by allowing use of their<br />
orchards for various experiments; also<br />
we thank Keenan, Sutton, and Nichols<br />
Farms for their support as well. In<br />
addition, we appreciate very much the<br />
support by Syngenta in 2018 and <strong>2019</strong>.<br />
Comments about this article? We want<br />
to hear from you. Feel free to email<br />
us at article@jcsmarketinginc.com<br />
Cal Expo, Sacramento<br />
12 Progressive Crop Consultant <strong>Nov</strong>ember / <strong>Dec</strong>ember <strong>2019</strong>
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