essay architecture past, present, future
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ARCHITECTURE : PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE<br />
INTRODUCTION<br />
It is interesting that <strong>architecture</strong> all over the world had changed a lot until now. From old<br />
centuries, that people made their own house from soil and rock with their hands until people<br />
made skyscraper from glass and steel using technology now. Architecture evolution grew in line<br />
with technological evolution.<br />
Past <strong>architecture</strong> in ancient time begin from stone age. People learn to made their house using<br />
soil and rock. They have no knowledge about <strong>architecture</strong> but still can made the house built. This<br />
process happened again and again and they become more understand and try with different<br />
materials and different method to built their house. Past <strong>architecture</strong> was so simple, built their<br />
building based on they need, only house and a place to worship (like temple). They had their<br />
own beliefs about the nature and they must put it into their building. Like Rumah Betang at<br />
Center Kalimantan, it segmented with 3 different part that had meaning. They belief where the<br />
nature ruler live in 2 (two) zone and humans are among them. They belief that the lower part was<br />
the “bad zone” so they put their pet and food storage there. The middle zone was their house<br />
because this is the zone that human live. And the upper zone was roof that re<strong>present</strong> God<br />
majesty. The time to build also need an agreement from their ancestral spirits through their<br />
tradisional ceremony. They can’t build their house if their ancestral spirits didn’t agree.<br />
Past Architecture element like the structure was so simple but had details on it. They used natural<br />
materials that they found near their home. Because in that time, there was no electricity, the<br />
building very rely on the nature, everything based on nature, from the lighting until airing. So the<br />
building had gap wall. Past <strong>architecture</strong> in Indonesia known as traditional <strong>architecture</strong> or<br />
nusantara <strong>architecture</strong>. Indonesia had a lot of traditional <strong>architecture</strong>. Each region had different<br />
<strong>architecture</strong> character. Like Rumah Honai at Papua had conical round roof shape different from<br />
Rumah Gadang at West Sumatera that had curved roof shape like a buffalo horn. Not only roof<br />
form, but the ornaments and other elements also different. It re<strong>present</strong>ed their region culture.<br />
So the traditional <strong>architecture</strong> was nature based. All materials that used from nature. And the<br />
construction used man power with manual techniques. There will be trial and error. Our ancestor<br />
had a brilliant ways on <strong>past</strong> <strong>architecture</strong>. Even they didn’t have technology back then, but they<br />
can make their building resist the climate change and still stand until now. Like our greatest<br />
temple, Candi Borobudur, the construction didn’t use cement and technology, but still stand until<br />
now and become one of 7 wonders of the world.<br />
After that century, begin to appear <strong>architecture</strong> branches that have different concept and style. At<br />
6 th century, Classic <strong>architecture</strong> style had intense fascination from people that time. After that,
appear new concept that displace the old concept. And so on. like colonial <strong>architecture</strong>, romanes<br />
<strong>architecture</strong>, etc. Now, modern <strong>architecture</strong> and deconstruction <strong>architecture</strong> had make a huge<br />
effect. The <strong>present</strong> <strong>architecture</strong> used combination between human and technology. Every design<br />
process based on technology, like modeling from application and software on computer until the<br />
construction that use advance technology. Before, there was only few software, maybe only<br />
Sketchup and Autocad. But now it becomes a lot, like Revit, Ecotect, Archicad, and Sketchup<br />
also had a lot version. Modeling the design become so much easier now because these softwares.<br />
People don’t need to draw design manual again. People now not only build building based on<br />
their needs, but also their wants. Like mall, cinema, public space, and etc.<br />
Different from traditional <strong>architecture</strong>, modern <strong>architecture</strong> style have simple geometric form<br />
with less ornaments. Has no belief that need to follow, and everything more like something that<br />
re<strong>present</strong> something. Use technology for everything, from lighting with lamp and airing with Air<br />
Conditioner (AC).<br />
Present <strong>architecture</strong> have complex structure and incredible design. Present architect become<br />
more creative on making design. Like Zaha Hadid buildings, that have dynamic movement effect<br />
on it. Sometimes, modern <strong>architecture</strong> more concerned with aesthetic than function. With<br />
technological advances, <strong>architecture</strong> is currently less interested in building buildings that are<br />
open to nature anymore. The availability of electricity and sophisticated machinery helps replace<br />
lighting from the sun with lights, and air with ac. Many buildings today that use modern<br />
materials such as glass, steel, etc. And architect now also do innovation to make more advance<br />
materials.<br />
I think <strong>future</strong> <strong>architecture</strong> will become more incredible and amazing. We can see, the technology<br />
that we have this last one decade had change <strong>architecture</strong> a lot, and I think, <strong>future</strong> <strong>architecture</strong><br />
will based on technology that become more sophisticated. Nowadays, Artificial Intelligence (AI)<br />
and 3D printing for <strong>architecture</strong> are already used by some countries. 3D printing allow us to creat<br />
unique design realized easier, but also make the construction done faster. Like Dubai first 3D<br />
printed Office. The construction only need 17days and still operate until now.<br />
Maybe <strong>future</strong> <strong>architecture</strong> also become modern city that will have a lot skyscraper. The city that<br />
have no short house anymore, but change it to apartment and vertical dwelling. Because<br />
residential land is getting smaller every year insufficient population growth. The city will<br />
become smart city, that everything control by technology. The buildings’ facade maybe can<br />
move as needed. Like Finance Center at Shanghai.<br />
I think <strong>future</strong> <strong>architecture</strong> will also become green and sustainable <strong>architecture</strong>. Because now the<br />
emission that building give to earth was tremendously huge. Green and sustainable <strong>architecture</strong><br />
is <strong>architecture</strong> that try to minimize the energy consumption and minimize negative<br />
environmental effects. It application with using eco friendly materials, renewable energy system,<br />
less carbon emission construction, etc. For example The Pearl River Tower at Guang Zhou,
China. The building is 0% energy consumption. The building has wind tunnel that can convert<br />
wind energy into electricity. The building use the electricity to operate the building itself. The<br />
material that its use are double glass window with blinds that can reduce solar radiation to the<br />
building, so the inner building don’t get too much kalor. The building also don’t use Air<br />
Conditioner (AC) because its use passive and active cooling. Cold water pumped in the cooper<br />
pipes and distributed to little pipes over the beams, so the cold air radiatively distributed to every<br />
room. The hot air or the heat streamed to the pipes and discarded to outside the building, so the<br />
building need no AC. The non-renewable energy supply is running low now. If <strong>architecture</strong><br />
didn’t change to green and sustainable <strong>architecture</strong>, the non-renewable will run out.<br />
With the advancement of science and technology, I think it is also possible that <strong>future</strong><br />
<strong>architecture</strong>s will build on other planets, for example on the moon or mars. Because, people now<br />
think that the earth can’t accommodate the population growth that need more buildings. Now<br />
some countries have started selling tickets to the moon and mars. That means in the <strong>future</strong> maybe<br />
people will move to the moon. If people move to the moon, architect must build buildings there<br />
too.<br />
Architecture has changed a lot from the beginning until now and will change in the <strong>future</strong> too.<br />
Bahasa Inggris dan Penulisan Karya Ilmiah<br />
Lifanny<br />
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