chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

78 CONVENTIONALSYMBOLS
CONVENTIONAL SYMBOLS are used as parl of
NoraroN, for NoraroNs, or tor a capnon that
acmmPanies ^ the diagram ol a.oMPosrroN.
Annorarion symnoh are the hardest lo de6ne
prcciscly. for manya.nolalorsusethentu. highly
peMml way. Sonetines there is a choice of
synbols ior one deaning and aher.alilcs are
shown in biaclets. (Sec aho ENcy.bprDra o!
csEss oEN,Ncs. FrclnrN6, aPpendix IL)
Norarion slnbols, Eaglish laneuaqe
K
o
R
B
N (Kt.S) koisht
doublc check tarely used)
di*overed check Garely used)
N ubnon, nhok, t n temat ional
to. e.g. Ngl t3 or N KB3
x (:)
0-0 (00)
r}.0-1l (000)
+ (i)
+ (*)
l-0 (1i0)
0 I (0:1)
Annotation stmbob, iht mational
belore a nove. siSnitying it is to be
!
l!
1
?!
t?
j(+ )
I (+=)
; (=+)
movc of doubttul value
Move deseNing anendon with a
sequel unanenable, as yer, to lull
Whire's position isdistinctlybeiter
Black's position is distinctly better
While s posilioo is slighdy bener
Black\ position is slighily better
Cotion ttmbo b, inrmationdl
+ Wliie ro play .nd *in
= While to play and dra{
'
V
set play is preseni
ve6ion, indicaliDg tbat tbe onginal
cohPosition has heen cna.gcd ia
some way
(The symboh below are alsays folo*ed by a
,unber indicating length of solution, e.9. *2 ncans
ch€ctm.te in two noves whitc is to nove nEl
unle$ orh.trisc srared.)
+ (+)
hclpmare (Black moves 66t)
senes helpnate (Black noves lint)
hclp{talcmatc (Bla.k movcs 661)
series help{talemate (BIack mores
COO[(, a conpositio. lem lor ao .lternalive key
notinrendedbytbeobposerorasolution in lever
noves rhan stipulatedi io dis.over such a dawr to
show ihat a line ofplay i. tbeopeni.gofaganeor
itr a composition is unsound. (LrNc ind sorwrz
6rst used lhe rern in conneclion with cness in thcn
naEazin fh. aksr P/dl./, 1851, p. 40. Mr
.\lcxanders [^mNDRE's] cole.don ot rwo
lhousand probleBsconlains nany taultyposirions,
,nd we sh.ll noN ,nd lhen .oa* sone ol them.
which may amuse . . . many of our readers. On
pages 118 and 126 rhe ednors give six ol Alex
andre s problens and show that in alloflhcm natc
can be given in leseithan rhc stipulaled Dumbcrol
COONS PAIRING SYS'[EM, a method oi paning
players in Swiss syslen lournanents dcvised by
Evcrett Artbur Coons (l9l?- ) in Pitisbursh
dunng the early 195ft. 1hc playiog strenglh of the
conpeftors is dctcrmined by grading and thet are
placcd in lou. groups, from l. the srongest, to IV,
the weakest. Firsl round panines are nade wiihi.
each grolp. For thc ncxt two rounds everyone n
paired. accordiog to natchinB scores, wilh soneone
flom anolherSroup: iound lso.l v.II, andlII
v. IV: round rhre., I v. III. and II v. IV. ln
subsequcnt rouods pairingfolows the usual sw6s
COONS SCORE, a tic-breaking metnod inbnded
as a relinencntolthe NEUsrslL scoRE. Aplayer-s
Coons Score is tbe sum oI rhe follo$ing:tnc scores
.f fhosehedeleried hatf thesoresof thosewiih
sbom he drev, and one fiftn of the scores oI those
m whom he lost. (For an example $e AUTLIARY
CO-OPERATION, or .o-o.dinalion oi pieces, the
aclion of a player's pieces when lhey rork
togcrher. The absence of co operation is more
noriceable than ns presence, Nhich may be regarded
as nornal. In maste. play lack of o
operation isusuallyihe comequence olan aliack:
the delender holds on bu1 his posilion becones
disorg.nned. Sonetimes. as ifl the games under
sMusr and poMAR. the delender gaids naleiial
advantage yet loses because his 6en are rcattded.
capablan.a ahtninc 21sr nath game wo d cham
pionship 1927 Queen's Camb Declined. Hemebeigd
1d4d5 2c4e6 3N.3N16 4Bg5Nbd7 5c3Be7 6NJ]
0.0 ? Rc1 16 3 a3 h6 9 Bhl dxc4 l0 Bxc4 b5 tl Be2
Bb7 12 l}0c5 ]ldxcsNxc5 14 Nd4 (wnh thjs and his
next m e whire conplicares rhc ganc ro hb dhadlan
iaseiheshouldhavccxchanS.dqu4Nr{ead.)
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