chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

CONTROI- NOTATION 77
eration is theire.eate. potential mobilily. Central A task remrd by tbe English .omposer H.rold
10 pHxDoR's teaching is the ide. rbar connecred Horeate Crc$ (1909 {2), Pioble irt Fairy Supptepasns
togelherhave adynamisn grearer than the D.,r. 1936. Wnite has 29 lorced mates in o.e (i.e.
sum ofthe partsi that such pawns may become a ,o moves ihat do nol give nate) in a leSal Posnion
sr.atesic (positional) rorce in thenselyes.
without obrusive piees.
lnteresl in const ructi on t as ks was .eawaken ed b y
coNsoLIDATIoN. lhe slabilization oi a
DaNson aroufld 1911 and duling lhe lollowing
loose
years
posilion. For ex.nple, a player gains he both enouraged comPosers and sug
material, but
gested
thc cflort leavcs his pie.es $atleredi
ne* tasls. ln 1938 thc pub,ication of his
he consolidalesbybnngingthemback
i.toplay(i.e.
book Ubimate Therus inspited many conposers,
heseeks
.o-oPturloN) as a preparatiotr
the most su@esstul ol *hon was PEnoua: about
tor 1he exploitation
ol his nalenal advantase. (For exanples lro6 play ten of the lasks he achierd in the 1940s have
remained unbedten. Anolher husl ol adivity
SEC AI-EXAND'R ANd UNZ]'(ER,)
CONSTRUCTION TASK, a position constructcd CONSULTATION CAMD, agamc inwni.h oneor
toshowarAs(forwhichthe play is elementary. (A both sides @nsist oI tso or mo.e players in
posilio. Lom shich ihere is no play is called an
AmNGEMENT.) rhe conposer displays his aares:
rhere is nolhing for the solver 10 do. One kind of CONTROL. A player Nould conlrol or have
taskwouldbetoshosthelargeslpossiblenumber control of a square if he werc able lo caplure
of keys for, sar, a lwo-moveri but nost t6ks advanlageously any of the opponenfs nen lhat
requne one single nove to be nade, by one or might bc moved there Ilpiaybeganld4d6 2NR
botn sidcs. and thesc arc callcd one-movcr construciion
tasks, or one-moveEi and ihe idea is to Blact play 2. . . e5: but if whitc comnenced I
White would ontol e5, Ninning a pawn should
show rhe largest or sballest nuober of noves ot NB Nl6 2 bl d6 3 Bb2 ne would not cotrirol e5
one type, e.g. checks or caplures. There are although itisattackedbytNo nen and defended by
'forced' rorms (inlroduccd by DAwsoN in 1913) onei Black could salely rePly 3 . . . e5. Thus
when every possible single-move musr contribure effective onlrol depends upon both thc number o{
to the t.sk i the position nay be legal or ilegal, witb men involved and thcn relative value
or without oBmusrE pEcEs. with or withour A player.ontroh a file, rank, or diaeonal when
prooorio. in play. Conventionally, the orthodox one ol his line pieces auacks all or mosr oI tne
boa.d and men are used, but one-moven have squares on that line andvhcn hh oppoaent cannol
been aitempGd in the iairy realn. The lollowin8 expediently defend by opposing a suitable line
positions, given in roRsm NorAnoN, aie the tso piece. To control a line does nor imply thal all tne
tasts that halc remaincd unbcatcn for thc longcsr squares on the line are separately.ontrolledi only
that lhe line piece h6 thcm under suneillance.
82R5/k2N4/6R1/3BBN2/1O6/lK4/8, This. rhe (See sMyslo! foragame inwhich BlacksaqiEces
earliest known one dover, was obposed by the hn queen to gain decisive contol of borh long
GerFan Md Bezeu (1824-71), and published in_
S.ruruen"z8,1849; it showsthe maximum number
of novs ( 100) tbar can be nade wirh the eisht enrre. which may mca. no nore ihan tbeontrol
Inrheopeningaplayertricslo gain conrrololthe
of the greater number of central squares. It he
4NlrUP2IK2P/8/lP1kBQ2,2Ri/181N,1/4P.3/3R4 achieves this, he f.ins space in the ccnrr., a
A composition by Bezzel a.d loui othem, 1116' synonvmous tcrm control of central squares is
t.irr. Z.rr!,8. 1859: il shoNs 47 nales in one using a Ircqucntly bnt noi necessanly advanlageous. (See
ttcAl posltionwithoui obtrusivepieces. (Another vAcANlAr lor a gane in Bhich Black nakes a
positio. showing 4, mates, but using morc mcn. decisive sacnlice on lbe lery squlre in the cenrrc.
was Published at tbe same iime.) e5, rhal While sccms lo hale nost 6mly under
CONTROL NOTATION, a name used in somc
coudties tor the sinplest mcthod of describing a
position. Sia ing aith the Nhite men each manis
named and thesqua.eonwhicbilstandsidentilied.
The squares nay be nam.d by standard or
descripiive ncthods. bul the lomer is more
.ommonly used. The sMvEDu study. ior ex
ample. would b e de scribed as folloNs:While Kb6.
Pc6i Black Kat- Rd5. Conirol notation is besl
suiled ro posirionswith fes men on lhe board. The
altcinatilc, roRslrH Nor^noN. is perhaps biased