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70 COCHR,ANE GAMBII<br />
Cochrane siayed in India until his retnement in<br />
1869exceptloronevisnroEngland.l84l 3,when<br />
he played hundreds ot friendly ganes againsl<br />
srAUNroN, sbo began <strong>by</strong>winninga largenajoriry.<br />
Wilheln srErNrz knew both contestanB and states<br />
thar rhei( lasl encounter was a match of 12 ganes,<br />
Staufl<strong>to</strong>n concedi.g pawn and move ror rhe firsr<br />
six: and lhat Cocnrane mde .n elen !.ore uh.n<br />
reeiving odds but won (+3=2 l) when playing<br />
John Cochranc should dol be<br />
@ntused wnh Janes coch.ane (..1770-i830),<br />
co-author of a book on De Muzro cAMB,r (sce<br />
GHUUM {Ass,M cAMu'rl<br />
COCIfRANE GAMBIT. 553 in rhe pFrR.FF nr-<br />
FEN.E. oriAinated <strong>by</strong> cocsuNE in the 1840s. White<br />
sacrilices a knieht lor tro paMs and a strong<br />
centre. srA!NroN,who playcd lhe gambilsucce$<br />
fully. pointed out that White should not seek<br />
aftck: instead he should play a posilionalgamc,<br />
adlancing his phalanx ol pawns in the manner<br />
advocated <strong>by</strong>plrrrDoR. Should while establish lwo<br />
pawns on lhe nlth rank he would probably hale<br />
sulficient conpensalion <strong>to</strong>r his piece. lRoNsrErN<br />
believes this eanbit is aortb furlherinlesrisalion.<br />
COCIIRANE VARIATION. 592 i. the (NG's<br />
c^Mrr Accepied. Bla.k\ sixlh nove, a retutation<br />
ol the sAlqo GMI', is .ightty named alter John<br />
cocoRANE Nho published his anallsis in 1822. <strong>The</strong><br />
variation had occured in ainendlygame Sarratt-<br />
Lewis, London. 1816j subsequently LE*B disaPproved<br />
of tbis variation. nol cooprehending its<br />
COFfEE HOUSES, <strong>chess</strong> resorts rbar played an<br />
inportanr pa.i in <strong>chess</strong> tite oi the 18rh and t91h<br />
enlunes. In 1747 pHn-rDoR aled sreMA at<br />
Slaughlert in St Mirtin's Lane and lron 1774 he<br />
{requented Pasloe\ in SlJameJs St.eet. Ako in<br />
Sr JameJs St.eet there was Whnes Chocolate<br />
House (later whitet club) where <strong>chess</strong> *as oftcn<br />
ptayed lor slakes. (Some betting rccords irom the<br />
1740s areextanl.) <strong>The</strong>se and olher meeting places<br />
were, howeverj mosrlypatro.ized<strong>by</strong>lhe titledand<br />
the wcalthy. Coffee houses lor the tuiddling<br />
classes. 6 G. wALrcR called them, nourished<br />
pnncipally in the 19th centurv. I! London lhere<br />
were Ton's in Co.nhill. the Salopian al Charing<br />
Cross. Hultnan's Garnck Cbess Dilan in Redrn.d<br />
sr.eet. Gatti\ in Adelaide strer. tnc caf€ caro in<br />
Cnteman Strcct, Kilpack\ Divan in Colent car<br />
den and Stdiet Philidonan <strong>chess</strong> Rnoms in<br />
Rathbone Place. cliddon\ Dtuan, irequented <strong>by</strong><br />
sr^uNroN in thc early 1840sj was dcsoibed <strong>by</strong> a<br />
conledPoraryasrlikc an Easrernienij rbedrapery<br />
leslooned up around you, an.l lhe views exhibited<br />
oa allsides of nosques, andhinarets- andpalaces<br />
nsing oul ol the water'. Soon, howcver, it was<br />
converted i.<strong>to</strong> an Ame.ican bowliDg alley.<br />
For mosl <strong>chess</strong> playes thc divan neanr Simp,<br />
$0\ In 1828 a Porluguese, Samuel Rre( oprneJ<br />
rhediv n in the Strand, and dfier five yeaFsare rl<br />
the more English soundi.g namc oI his head<br />
waner. Sinpson's was ftequented regularly <strong>by</strong> all<br />
the grealesl playes ol the time iron iis founding<br />
until 1903 vhen it was pnrchdcd <strong>by</strong> westminster<br />
Councii lor 15,1,000. Altered io permii road<br />
widening, Simpson s vas reopened in 1904, bur<br />
<strong>chess</strong> ras nol encouraged again unlil 1980 when<br />
the 6nal oi the national clnb ch<strong>amp</strong>ionship was<br />
heu dere. hs chielnval. Pu6sells in CoDhiU, a<br />
demolished in lA94 when rhe<br />
playen moved <strong>to</strong> Dr Butler\ Head, a licensed<br />
rcstaurant in Telcgraph Street.<br />
<strong>The</strong> leadin8 London resort in the 20lh century<br />
{as Tbe Ganbir in Budgc Ros. Opened in 1898,<br />
visitcd <strong>by</strong> most masters oI rhe nrsl half of lhe<br />
century, the *ene of the Great Bntain end ol lhe<br />
r?dnr mrrch *nh rhe IJssR in 1c,16 i ended ilr<br />
daysin 1958. ln60yeatr ilwasclosedonlyonce, loi<br />
two dar6 in Scpt. 1940on accouni oI damagc in an<br />
airraid. ?ublic<strong>chess</strong>hasbeenplayed in othertypes<br />
ol premises like tavems such as the Ship and Turtle<br />
in Lerdenhall Sfteet nnd in the middle oi ih€ 20th<br />
centuryi aho in London. atthc Mandrakc. a soho<br />
Other Ianous 191h century <strong>chess</strong> alds Nere:<br />
Amsterdan. Roode l-ccuwiBertin. Bauer, Belve<br />
dcrc, Kaise.hof. Kerkau. and Kdnig: Geneva,<br />
Cafe de la Cou.onne: If,ipzig. Hanischi Madrid.<br />
Caf€ du Levant: New York,Intematio.aliParh,<br />
Procope and. nost lamous ol aI, the cAF! DE c<br />
RicrN..; Riga, Reutc( Rome, Palazo de' Cin<br />
qnei SiPelemburg, Dominik; Vienna. Ccntral and<br />
COnN, WILITELM (1859-1913). profcssional<br />
ches player who competed in aboul 20 iournamenls,<br />
some ol lhem inlernalional, Irom 1893 io<br />
1911. Hk h.st performance was his second place<br />
equal with.tuRousEk and.HrcoRrN, aft cr nuRN, al<br />
Cululne 1898. W. Cuhn should .ot be .onfLsed<br />
srlh-iirch ('ohn (188a 1ql8), d LlorDr ut medi<br />
COINCIDENCE, lhc unplanned duplication of<br />
<strong>chess</strong> ideas. <strong>The</strong>re are nany ex<strong>amp</strong>les ot idenrical<br />
games being played, inparticularRhen an opening<br />
trap is involvcd. Tie tbllo*ing two games bear a<br />
Alekhine F. Kaihnlein Dnserdorf allpru,r.r 1903<br />
1d4d5 2Nt3Nl6 3c3c6 4Bd3Nbd7 sNbd2Bd6 6e,<br />
dxe4 rNxe4Nxe4 3Rxe4G0 90.0f5 10tsd3e5 ]l<br />
BgJ Q.3 12dre5 Nrc5 13Re1Qh5 l4NxcsQig5 15<br />
Bc.l+ Kh3 16 Qxd6 Bla.L esisns<br />
D.esga A. Barat P.ris 1923 Two yiishh' Defe"@<br />
re!es 2NJ:rN.6 lBclNf6 4d4ci,l 5011d6 6Nid4<br />
Bc7 ?Nc301l 31.18e4 9Nxc6i'i.6 10Qc1d5 lrBd3<br />
dxc4 12 Nxc4 RcB 13 KhI Bci 14 Ogr Nxe4 15 Qxg4<br />
<strong>The</strong> .epctition ol a coopositio. idea nsually<br />
implies ^NrrcrF{noN<br />
or plAoatusM but a renark<br />
able coin.idence o(urred in 1898. A. F. AC(EN-
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