chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

62 CHATARD ALEKHINE ATTACK
career was shon bul brilliant. He lefl a legacy of
finegames. manyolthem sremming from cAMBrrs.
which suited bis atlacking style. His 6Bt srrong
lournadenr was Nureoberg 1896, rhen he *as
brought in as a substitute lor BURN. Subsequently
hc playcd in thrcc othcr major cvcrts: Budapcst
1896, fiBl (+?:3-2) cqnal wirh.,ncoR'N (who
wo. rhe play off) ahead oI p
S.HLECHER, and r^RN.si Berlin 1897 (Sepr.
Oct.), fist (+12=5 2) ahead of Janowsti,
Schlechler, and Chiaorini Colosne 1898, se@nd
cqualwith Cnieorin and W. .oHN after Burn ahead
of ef,rNrrz, Schlcchle., and Jadowski. 'Ihrough
out lhese yeais he sufiered from iuberculosis.
which caused his ea(ly dcatn.
?. w. seigeant, choro$ek's Canes ol ches
(i919) contains 146 gamesi L. Bachmann, n"dail
Chdloack(1930) h a colledion oI 101 ganes with
Charcusk wal6rcdt tserlin 1397 Falkbccr CountcE
I e4e5 2f4d5 lexdse4 4dlQxdl 5Qe2Nl6 6Nd2
815 ,drc4tsxe4 3g4Be7 I Nxe4Nxc,1 loBrQas+
ll Klt Nd6 12Bd2QM 13Rel N.a l1Be3c5 l5cl
00 t6h,lNc6 t7h5Oc7 llt95Nb6 19ts€4lt 20 8.2
mne's rhrear (Ne6+) G decisive. 11 23.. .4 24N36+
andnow 24 ..rl3 258$601 21 hxg6andwhite
6ales in four. 23 . . R, 24 Bifl 15 Qd3 Nd5
26 s6 Black osigns.
CIIATARD-ALELIIINEATTAC(,648. orAlbin
Atlack, a popnlar line in fte reNcE DEENCE
origi.aredbyAlhin in rhe 1890sand analysed a tcw
yea$ later by the French play.r Eugine Chalard
(1850 194). His anallBis may have influenced
ArnxnrNE to rse this variation in 191,1- and i1 is
somerimes called the Alekbine Attack.
CSATRANG. rhc old PeBian {ord lor chcss
d$ived fron the Sanskrit CSATRANGA. Fouowing
the Islamic cotrquest of Pcnia 1638 51) chotung
\ras Braduallysupersedcd bt lhe Arabic sHAnANr.
CHA'[URANGA, the earliest.ncss preo.sor tbat
can be clearly delined. lhe Sanskrn nane neans
quadripartitc and Nas also used to descritre thc
Indian army which bad lour divisionsi clcphanis,
cavalrv, chano$, lnd inhnby. lbe'army same'
with its analogous elephanis, hoses,chariots, and
paNns had the sane nme. Tbe date of lhe game\
onSin is u nown, but docunenrary eviden e
exish from the beeinning ol the 7rh century.
CIaims forearlier ac.ounts havc provcd mistaken.
The nen were rajah (kins), manid (comsellor,
a.estor oi rhe FERS), eaja (elephanr,later called
ril), asva (hose), rarha (cha.iot, l.ter called
rook). and pcdati (inrantry o' pasnr. For a
de$ription oilhe game see sH^ruNr, the Islamic
veEion for which the.e is a grealer abundance of
evidence. On ac@unt oi FoRBEs\ talse hail the
anestor of.raara,aa was oncc thought to be a
form ol four-handed chess, no evidence oI which
exisrs before lhe 111h century.
CHECK! a mole thai atlacks a kingitomakesuch
a move. If a player's king is aitacked he or his Ling
is said to beincheck, and he 6usrgeloulolcbeck
innediately. This nay be done in one ol tnrcc
ways. Forcxample. aftcr I c4 e5 214 exf4 3Nl3
Be7 4 Be2 Bh4+ While may capture the checking
piece (5 Nxh4), imerPose one oI his men (s s3), or
nove his ki.s (5 Kf1). Chect nay be given by a
pinncd pie.e. A playcr nay not .asdc to get onl of
check, nor may he play so that he leaves himself in
check. The lwo kings can never occupy adjoining
squares. lI a player cannot gel our ot check he is
cncckmatcd, and rhegane is o,er. Uolil lheeady
yea6 of the 20th century a player N6 expecr€d io
announe a checki this was nandalory in sone
codes ot laws bur is not required by ihe FrD! laws.
Anothcr long-standing practicc. saying cneck to
the queen' when she Nas atlacked, was largely
abandoned in tbe 19tb century. For an older
custor see cn.c(-noox. rhcword.hc.k is dcriled
from lhe Penian shth, meaning king.
CSECXLFSS CISSS, or prohibilion chess, an
unorthodor gane in which nenher player day
check except to sive checkoate. Tbe consequence
ollhis spccial rulc is that a playc, nay use his king
6 an atiacking piece, p€rhaps advancing it lar i.io
lhe eneny posilion. Also a kingmay guard a piee
trom adistance byplayingso thatilsapluie would
give check. For problems a rArRy MAm is uually
CIIECKMATE, or nate, a posnion in wbich .
player k unable ro nrove his kingoulolchcckjro
nake ihe move ihat brings abotrt such a position.
The obled oI the gane is to cbeckmate one s
opponenr, ..d when this happens the game ends.
NDsnbsequent event, c.g. a plareas failure to stop
his clocL, canalterlhisresull. AEording lo article
11 oI the laws tbere is no olher way 10 win allhouAb
playen oftcn rcsign bcforc lhey can bc ma1ed.
However. in a competition the ARBTTER may awa.d
viclory 10 a player if bis opponent exceeds tbe tine
linilorotherwise infinAes tbe lars and rules. The
word is dcrivcd iro,n lhc Pcrsia. sords shih.
meaning king, and mat. meaning helple$ or