chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

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.rss.. Caxton\ t.nshiior oI Cesol.\ ,O?r d. &do led sonelaterreaders ro sutposc. i.corrcctly. that real pas.s werc unrnatched. CIIA\DLER, MURRAY GRAHAM (1960 ). Intcrnalional crandnaner (1983), a New zeallnder Nho seitled in England at the agc ol 15. subsequentlypl.yingtbrhisadoptedcounlryin the Lu.erneorrMprAD r982. Hescored +4=61! share 6rsr prize at New York 1980, clmc sccond (+5=5 1)equ.l{nh HoRratDortmund 1983, and scored +5=6 G GM nom) ro share first Prne.r Ansterdan 1981, a swiss system tournnmenl. Chandler has edired the na9 zinc Toumament Crcsr since its inceplion in l9 CHANGED MATE, a p.oblemhas tern ior one kind ofchanged play: White s maring nole in o.c pEAsE of a problen difiers tiom that in anolher although both arc made in replyrothe same black ,&ru 7&'4&tr "ffi "l& ffiiV&&:g iru% ffi'& A p.oblem by vrssLxM^N. a'1ralu S.!..rnr.d, 1961. Tte position is a BLoc( with four sEr pGy mates (hose rhar would o4ur il Black sere ro . .Na- 2Nb5 .. Ne- 2 Nc2 ...f5 2 Rxd6. The key,l Nc5, nakes a new block. Nith thiee added males i1 ...dxe5 2 Od7. 1...,xe5 2 Rxd6, 1 ... Kxe5 2 Bc3) and lour changed ...Ne- 2Nfl For othcr exanples ot .hansed mates see ruKr,-,s TEEME, zAaoRu(o TEEME, and the problem b, vuxcEvrc! under BLoc( CIIANGED PLAI, lhe play in one PHASE of a problem as contrasredwith (chaneed lron) rhar in anolher It lakes difierent foms. e.g. .HANdED and is the basis oI several problen themes. eg. RUGLB EEME, ZAfuRUIKO TEEME. SEC A1SO RTCIPROCAL PLAY lNd the problen given under RUDENKo. CILdRLICK GAMBIT, 115. Henry Clarlick (18.15 1916), thc linr Ausrralian chanpion, inro duced rhis dubiousline in the early l890swith the object of prerening white lrom playing a close g.ne. Hc hopcd to gain a lead in delelopoenr altcr2 dxe5d6? e.9.3 exd6? Bxd6;insteadol2 d6Black should play2. . . Nc6as in thc !:NCLUND CHAROIISE( (pron. (hdoosek), RUDOLF (18?3 1900). law nudenr. horo in Ilohcmia and brouchr ro Hungary when an i.fanr, whose ches
62 CHATARD ALEKHINE ATTACK career was shon bul brilliant. He lefl a legacy of finegames. manyolthem sremming from cAMBrrs. which suited bis atlacking style. His 6Bt srrong lournadenr was Nureoberg 1896, rhen he *as brought in as a substitute lor BURN. Subsequently hc playcd in thrcc othcr major cvcrts: Budapcst 1896, fiBl (+?:3-2) cqnal wirh.,ncoR'N (who wo. rhe play off) ahead oI p S.HLECHER, and r^RN.si Berlin 1897 (Sepr. Oct.), fist (+12=5 2) ahead of Janowsti, Schlechler, and Chiaorini Colosne 1898, se@nd cqualwith Cnieorin and W. .oHN after Burn ahead of ef,rNrrz, Schlcchle., and Jadowski. 'Ihrough out lhese yeais he sufiered from iuberculosis. which caused his ea(ly dcatn. ?. w. seigeant, choro$ek's Canes ol ches (i919) contains 146 gamesi L. Bachmann, n"dail Chdloack(1930) h a colledion oI 101 ganes with Charcusk wal6rcdt tserlin 1397 Falkbccr CountcE I e4e5 2f4d5 lexdse4 4dlQxdl 5Qe2Nl6 6Nd2 815 ,drc4tsxe4 3g4Be7 I Nxe4Nxc,1 loBrQas+ ll Klt Nd6 12Bd2QM 13Rel N.a l1Be3c5 l5cl 00 t6h,lNc6 t7h5Oc7 llt95Nb6 19ts€4lt 20 8.2 mne's rhrear (Ne6+) G decisive. 11 23.. .4 24N36+ andnow 24 ..rl3 258$601 21 hxg6andwhite 6ales in four. 23 . . R, 24 Bifl 15 Qd3 Nd5 26 s6 Black osigns. CIIATARD-ALELIIINEATTAC(,648. orAlbin Atlack, a popnlar line in fte reNcE DEENCE origi.aredbyAlhin in rhe 1890sand analysed a tcw yea$ later by the French play.r Eugine Chalard (1850 194). His anallBis may have influenced ArnxnrNE to rse this variation in 191,1- and i1 is somerimes called the Alekbine Attack. CSATRANG. rhc old PeBian {ord lor chcss d$ived fron the Sanskrit CSATRANGA. Fouowing the Islamic cotrquest of Pcnia 1638 51) chotung \ras Braduallysupersedcd bt lhe Arabic sHAnANr. CHA'[URANGA, the earliest.ncss preo.sor tbat can be clearly delined. lhe Sanskrn nane neans quadripartitc and Nas also used to descritre thc Indian army which bad lour divisionsi clcphanis, cavalrv, chano$, lnd inhnby. lbe'army same' with its analogous elephanis, hoses,chariots, and paNns had the sane nme. Tbe date of lhe game\ onSin is u nown, but docunenrary eviden e exish from the beeinning ol the 7rh century. CIaims forearlier ac.ounts havc provcd mistaken. The nen were rajah (kins), manid (comsellor, a.estor oi rhe FERS), eaja (elephanr,later called ril), asva (hose), rarha (cha.iot, l.ter called rook). and pcdati (inrantry o' pasnr. For a de$ription oilhe game see sH^ruNr, the Islamic veEion for which the.e is a grealer abundance of evidence. On ac@unt oi FoRBEs\ talse hail the anestor of.raara,aa was oncc thought to be a form ol four-handed chess, no evidence oI which exisrs before lhe 111h century. CHECK! a mole thai atlacks a kingitomakesuch a move. If a player's king is aitacked he or his Ling is said to beincheck, and he 6usrgeloulolcbeck innediately. This nay be done in one ol tnrcc ways. Forcxample. aftcr I c4 e5 214 exf4 3Nl3 Be7 4 Be2 Bh4+ While may capture the checking piece (5 Nxh4), imerPose one oI his men (s s3), or nove his ki.s (5 Kf1). Chect nay be given by a pinncd pie.e. A playcr nay not .asdc to get onl of check, nor may he play so that he leaves himself in check. The lwo kings can never occupy adjoining squares. lI a player cannot gel our ot check he is cncckmatcd, and rhegane is o,er. Uolil lheeady yea6 of the 20th century a player N6 expecr€d io announe a checki this was nandalory in sone codes ot laws bur is not required by ihe FrD! laws. Anothcr long-standing practicc. saying cneck to the queen' when she Nas atlacked, was largely abandoned in tbe 19tb century. For an older custor see cn.c(-noox. rhcword.hc.k is dcriled from lhe Penian shth, meaning king. CSECXLFSS CISSS, or prohibilion chess, an unorthodor gane in which nenher player day check except to sive checkoate. Tbe consequence ollhis spccial rulc is that a playc, nay use his king 6 an atiacking piece, p€rhaps advancing it lar i.io lhe eneny posilion. Also a kingmay guard a piee trom adistance byplayingso thatilsapluie would give check. For problems a rArRy MAm is uually CIIECKMATE, or nate, a posnion in wbich . player k unable ro nrove his kingoulolchcckjro nake ihe move ihat brings abotrt such a position. The obled oI the gane is to cbeckmate one s opponenr, ..d when this happens the game ends. NDsnbsequent event, c.g. a plareas failure to stop his clocL, canalterlhisresull. AEording lo article 11 oI the laws tbere is no olher way 10 win allhouAb playen oftcn rcsign bcforc lhey can bc ma1ed. However. in a competition the ARBTTER may awa.d viclory 10 a player if bis opponent exceeds tbe tine linilorotherwise infinAes tbe lars and rules. The word is dcrivcd iro,n lhc Pcrsia. sords shih. meaning king, and mat. meaning helple$ or
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The game of ches exerts a fascinati
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THE OXFORD COMPANION TO CF{ESS DAVI
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PREFACE No game has surpassed chess
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS THE authoE and pub
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ABBAAA DEFENCE.582, standard line,
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16 Kxe2 RcB 1713 b5 13 cib5 axb5 19
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game againsr Adolf C!:nk in lhe Kol
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l+o=b-2r dller BonrNNrr, Capablanca
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AI-GEBRAIC NOTATION 9 ,ct ro be dis
Page 20 and 21: ANDERSON 11 and oilen look less lim
Page 22 and 23: AnJenseFL. Paulsen Vienna 1373 Phil
Page 24 and 25: this squa.e ineffe.- tive, a manauv
Page 26 and 27: ASETAPADA, an ancienr Indian ra@ ga
Page 28 and 29: posal was oade by Dr zboriet of Pra
Page 30 and 31: BACEMANN, LUDWIG 0856 1937), one ol
Page 32 and 33: BARING CHESS 23 % t i w % ,9 b4 (wr
Page 34 and 35: BASIC ENDGAME 25 posnionrhar can be
Page 36 and 37: BELYAVSKY 27 xJ2 Bxg3+ is threatene
Page 38 and 39: BERLINER 29 noted rhat (l d4 c5)2.1
Page 40 and 41: BIRD 31 move, Ircm rhree lo nve and
Page 42 and 43: BISHOPS OF OPPOSITE COLOUR 33 Tso b
Page 44 and 45: he playcd. and relreshing himself r
Page 46 and 47: Philidor plarinp blindJ.ld at Px$lo
Page 48 and 49: Dr!\cnnnathe,d\mlcottr/hte!lpuM)t4N
Page 50 and 51: cur back his chess activiies. Hh Ni
Page 52 and 53: choicc of moves. These artistic req
Page 54 and 55: BOO(, k.own infornalion ahoui tbc o
Page 56 and 57: BOURDONNAIS 47 DOTVINNIK VaRIATION.
Page 58 and 59: BRINCXMANN 49 Frar Clenens Honoratu
Page 60 and 61: BUCKLE 51 shosing what mighl have o
Page 62 and 63: No-Movd conPose6 of his gene.ation.
Page 64 and 65: ioumament 1896. this defe.ce w6 use
Page 66 and 67: cibler ollhe 158 march and tournane
Page 68 and 69: caRO VARTATION- 44-1 in ib knorm \i
Page 72 and 73: Checknare is a unique charactcrisli
Page 74 and 75: N. I. Greko!, M. /. cl4,r;n (1939)
Page 76 and 77: CLEAN SCORE 67 CTRCULAR CEESS. see
Page 78 and 79: novel kind of .lock was prorided by
Page 80 and 81: 7E ol Jamaica and H. F. W. La.e of
Page 82 and 83: COMPANION SQUARES, COMPDNSATION, ad
Page 84 and 85: BRowNE played this ending against r
Page 86 and 87: CONTROI- NOTATION 77 eration is the
Page 88 and 89: R.8 15b.rNcd7 16Bg3Nb6 17Qb3Nfd5 l8
Page 90 and 91: CRACOW VARIATION 8I 7r. C/'6r C,n.
Page 92 and 93: CYC]TC PLAY 83 outsranding analrsr,
Page 94 and 95: DABBABA..n uno.thodox LtaPER used i
Page 96 and 97: DEMONSTRATION ROARIJ 3? a% "ffifrw
Page 98 and 99: tsla.l iniourcednaloin three by23.
Page 100 and 101: DIAGRAM, a piclorial representation
Page 102 and 103: DoMINATIoN, a study lem indicating
Page 104 and 105: The objecr, morc often than no1, n
Page 106 and 107: DUPI-EX 9? comncnls on the Sxde arc
Page 108 and 109: DUr'CIl VARIATION. 39. a standard l
Page 110 and 111: pa of the bod! qhrch rr A dcstred t
Page 112 and 113: ENGELS !03 FIDE title system is lou
Page 114 and 115: as ambasador. ln relurn d'6onwas sc
Page 116 and 117: nasrer, and rhey have been tanstaEd
Page 118 and 119: entre. AIso 414 in the spaNrss opEN
Page 120 and 121:
EALKBEER VARIA'I ION, 321 . la Scha
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A posnion bl tne French inalyst Pie
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chess ser and sood became deeply ab
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Mt 60 Memorobk eMd. a classic of pa
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Ii$l pria ahead of Bogoljubow, L L.
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seond board lor bis suntry in tbe O
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Masaz c (Dec.1786). This essay in p
Page 134 and 135:
FYFE GAMBTT i25 saved.19.. . Bxh2+
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GELLER I27 1833) in 1813 and by Bre
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trutto della Munieta di Gilocar'a S
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whouyto problens.In 1924 holh thc c
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cach player'ssecond rankcould be ad
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GA(A orGADAforWhite. SAWA oTSAPA fo
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2r e5 eb ?2 Ogl Nrs 23 Ne4 ts$3 ?4
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Whrre \ I]a{n on rl r r hrlfPc$ed l
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There was 6uch a.rimony between riv
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Ilaingunoflicially adoptcd a. l lye
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conquerorsolSicilyshortlyafterwards
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HUBNER 14? rr rN.oDened htrchesr dn
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I IBCA, thc Intenratioml Braille Ch
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INTERFERENCE ]5I to be faia!. In mn
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TVKOV 153 ou$clves adopl it. We dis
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J'ADOUBE. A waming givcn by a playe
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JUNGE 157 forerunner ol thc problem
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Kaeov in 1932 L€nidgrad Universir
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HebecamcacaNDrD^Ebywinning(+?=6)the
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KERES 163 and having lew opportunit
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0'0 g6 7 Rcl Bg7 3 h3 Nh6 I Ncr b6
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KNAAK 16? caied play iollowing 3 .
Page 178 and 179:
KOLISCH 169 KNIGIIT WEEEL, a proble
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sdnine the soviel masicr tiilc (195
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KROCIUS I73 rhe (rcnuNr hcciN 19 Oh
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KUPREICEIK. VIKTOR DAVIDOVICH (1949
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delearollvko!(+4:3 l)rhenalossloTal
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1914, a historic event because Capa
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playc$ from Riga, in particular by
Page 192 and 193:
FwIs 133 men1, ln narch play he del
Page 194 and 195:
LDWIS COUNmR-GAMBIT, 335, an aggres
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the G..r.Il,.hrc, neady nnished, wa
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LtvlNG CHESS 189 Anong the many poe
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Thc hmiLiar GREE( crF rollo*\ 2l Bx
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L6PEZ-4TANUTIO COTNTDR.GAMBIT. 569
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idea- although manyye rspasscd bclo
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MCCUTCmON VARIATION. 640. a line in
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t7Qh6+ Krh6 rsNhr5+ Bxf5 19Nxl5+ (h
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€ndgme,havebecomcstandardized. (S
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was not conducive to success 1n sho
Page 214 and 215:
MARSHALL DEFENCE 205 York in 1896.
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as rhe grh centu4 are on rc.ord, bu
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a1 15 he won (+3=3) the 6nal (or pl
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The play is somelines said to show
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nlemaiional Grandmaster (1982). He
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MODEL MATE 215 Tara*h-Tci.hiann O$e
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playemi bur he would not !isi1 thc
Page 228 and 229:
While and 39 or 40 single nov6 by B
Page 230 and 231:
N, a symboliorthe knieht ohen uscd
Page 232 and 233:
NEWSIAPER COLUMNS 223 NEUMANN. GUST
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temporarily retired) lrom ahoul 192
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indicaEs clearlylhrtir is whitcvho
Page 238 and 239:
OBLIGATORY CEECT, a term u*d by Idr
Page 240 and 241:
was little advance md the l9th i th
Page 242 and 243:
inplying the .eciprocal relationshi
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white cannotplay I Nl6+ because thi
Page 246 and 247:
PACITMAN, l-LrDiK (1924 ). Czech-bo
Page 248 and 249:
An.r long derence Blact bc8nr hn.tu
Page 250 and 251:
PAULSEN VARIATION 2,1I Quiet .nd un
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any player in thc world. None of bi
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seak or otheoise. Exanioation may r
Page 256 and 257:
asainst iAENrscn nr the 1840s. Serg
Page 258 and 259:
was the nore proDablc cause. (See D
Page 260 and 261:
tbe frrs1*nler ro exahine a BAsrc E
Page 262 and 263:
ioblcm by Shinkman. D.,rdi, Ire? Pr
Page 264 and 265:
%z % A study; poco$ANis that von se
Page 266 and 267:
twtrfi.t %* %'& t wt% w % tst* w- F
Page 268 and 269:
publishedbisanalysisinDearsches Wac
Page 270 and 271:
E. Varnusz. .S.l..l?l (;an6 af Lajo
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Bla.l nos makes a p.sirional srrili
Page 274 and 275:
The evenl thlt kindled the enlhusil
Page 276 and 277:
(li-Ehmins wa, becausc of thc short
Page 278 and 279:
PSEUDO-TWO-MOVER, a kind ol problen
Page 280 and 281:
Q, the English languagc symbol for
Page 282 and 283:
RABAR, BRASLAV 0919-r3). Yugoslav p
Page 284 and 285:
RAT OPENING 2?5 ard sele.ts a piece
Page 286 and 287:
RFjFLEX CtlESS. an unorrhodox gamc
Page 288 and 289:
1925 he played 29 blindf old games
Page 290 and 291:
A pionccr problem by an unkroNn con
Page 292 and 293:
stalionary shootinS ns target oil t
Page 294 and 295:
naring continuation rhat v.s nol av
Page 296 and 297:
Engl.nd, Germany. a.d India around
Page 298 and 299:
...Ngl 2Nd4.AfterthekeyiBI4(threale
Page 300 and 301:
s, aslmbol ior lhe knight(GernanJp,
Page 302 and 303:
In 1634 he published 1/ P,ri,o, all
Page 304 and 305:
SAVON. VL,ADIMIR ANDREYEViCH (1940-
Page 306 and 307:
Schlechteis laler achielemenls in.l
Page 308 and 309:
anorhei 16 games and back g.nes in
Page 310 and 311:
SCOTCH GAME 3l]I inte.est in dank o
Page 312 and 313:
sealed arc Nritlcn on tbe envelope.
Page 314 and 315:
lron those oI the Tarrasch Deledce,
Page 316 and 317:
SHATRANJ 307 sqnares are on hisodd-
Page 318 and 319:
SHORT, NIGEL DAVID (1965 ), Enghh p
Page 320 and 321:
SISIlR SQUARES 311 SICIIRJONSSON, G
Page 322 and 323:
the cenrre pasns scrc adranced late
Page 324 and 325:
i ,5tt t %wt "&,%ru 20 Bb7 (Blrck!
Page 326 and 327:
Black mu$ conccdc nor spae in rhc .
Page 328 and 329:
man.csin l930 rscoreol+5=5 3bshrren
Page 330 and 331:
SQUEEZE 32I 18 Os,l Ob5 19 Oc4 Od7
Page 332 and 333:
A position f.on rhe gane N. hoscki-
Page 334 and 335:
S'I'AUNTON 325 to rccruil Ameicans
Page 336 and 337:
about chess be lenrned by himsell.
Page 338 and 339:
1972,second (+6=81 afler Polusaye,s
Page 340 and 341:
oad, nh bearins sturdy. IHis leatur
Page 342 and 343:
STRATEGY ]33 SIIPULATIONS, inslrlct
Page 344 and 345:
striving to win: To gain a lourname
Page 346 and 347:
clined; 634 in the rxEN.s DEENCE. T
Page 348 and 349:
yearFl0o 000 no!e, conrains 22 game
Page 350 and 351:
TAIMANOV 341 gxn3, and \:!tne has t
Page 352 and 353:
Sbo ly alter losi.g the title Tal n
Page 354 and 355:
% 7Z&, H@ &s*t"& %&m .r1r . . . d5
Page 356 and 357:
A pos un trcm lh€ Scme BoNrntrrk
Page 358 and 359:
A position from the gane Gligona El
Page 360 and 361:
correc{y played game siould cnd in
Page 362 and 363:
TIME 353 deleated G. wALrcR and oth
Page 364 and 365:
.I'IMING OF MOVES 355 given penod o
Page 366 and 367:
sound enough for the higheslhonou6.
Page 368 and 369:
the results ohtained by applying EI
Page 370 and 371:
showed the winning procedurer I Ka3
Page 372 and 373:
TtJR( 361 Thc Toik, displayed so as
Page 374 and 375:
TWO.PAWNS ATTACK 365 voyag€s, Hor
Page 376 and 377:
UNCAPTURE, to rctract (takc back) a
Page 378 and 379:
VACAITON. se LNE !a.^noN vADAsz, LA
Page 380 and 381:
2l h4f6 22h5Bif 23Os4Kh3 24Nh4 Nbl
Page 382 and 383:
Conpositio6 rhen i1 was i.trodrced
Page 384 and 385:
AL\iscE. walkcr esrablished rhe cus
Page 386 and 387:
uy a car Bhen he landed and scll it
Page 388 and 389:
woLF l7q srrArr. but of drbious ner
Page 390 and 391:
worzburger. Black\ bhhop on c2 iS t
Page 392 and 393:
YUSUPOV 383 shared find dace alter
Page 394 and 395:
in the second world war and in 1949
Page 396 and 397:
Samnch NiDovitch Copcnlra8en 1921 Q
Page 398 and 399:
APPENDIX I OPENINGS O pEN r N G lin
Page 400 and 401:
lhdet 01 None.l t)FninBs ddJ vanatt
Page 402 and 403:
thd.\ ol Naned Openiryt and variati
Page 404 and 405:
l,tlc\ ot l\ou?tl Opchnps ahd vattu
Page 406 and 407:
lhdex oJ Narud Opekiass and vatidti
Page 408 and 409:
lnder oJ Namdl Opehings ahd ratidti
Page 410 and 411:
Iadex of Naded Operings atd yatiuti
Page 412 and 413:
lndo of NaheJ OphtnBs and va, idt o
Page 414 and 415:
APPENDIX II GLOSSARY OF CHESS TERMI
Page 416 and 417:
Glossart of ChN TeminoloLy npoEE rc
Page 418:
0- 1,1 ;q0-8 ,|ffi[ ||il1 192 ffill
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chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld